CBSE Class 9 History - 2 | Socialism in Europe and the Russia | Full Chapter | NCERT Animation

Summary

This script narrates the transformative impact of the Russian Revolution, illustrating the shift from monarchy to socialism and the quest for equality. It outlines the ideological divide among liberals, radicals, and conservatives during the 18th century, the influence of the French Revolution, and the spread of socialist thought. The narrative details the industrial revolution's hardships, the rise of socialist parties, the tumultuous events of 1917, and the Bolsheviks' eventual seizure of power. It also touches on Lenin's policies, the subsequent civil war, and Stalin's collectivization efforts, highlighting the profound changes and challenges faced by Russia during this period.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ The Russian Revolution marked a significant shift from monarchy to socialism, aiming to create a more equal society.
• 🗝️ The French Revolution was a precursor to socialism in Europe, promoting the concepts of freedom and equality.
• 🌐 The revolutionary ideas spread across Europe and influenced thinkers worldwide, including in India.
• 🔍 Society was divided into liberals, radicals, and conservatives, each with differing views on the extent of societal change required.
• 🏭 The Industrial Revolution brought about significant economic and social changes, but also led to poor working conditions and dissatisfaction among workers.
• 🤝 Socialists like Robert Owen, Louis Blum, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels advocated for collective ownership of property and the welfare of workers.
• 📜 The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party (RSDWP) and the Socialist Revolutionary Party were key political forces that sought to overthrow the Tsar's autocratic rule.
• 📉 The First World War exacerbated social and economic issues in Russia, leading to widespread unrest and the eventual abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.
• 🔴 The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, seized power in the October Revolution of 1917 and began implementing radical socialist policies.
• 🛑 The Bolsheviks faced resistance and a civil war ensued, with the 'Reds' eventually emerging victorious with the help of non-Russian nationalities.
• 📊 Under Stalin, the Soviet Union pursued aggressive industrialization and collectivization policies, despite initial setbacks like the famine of 1930.

Q & A

What significant change did the Russian Revolution bring about in terms of governance?

The Russian Revolution replaced the rule by the monarchy with the promise of socialism, aiming to create a society based on equality for all.

How did the French Revolution influence the spread of socialist ideas in Europe?

The French Revolution propagated ideas of freedom and equality and showed that it was possible to create a society where people controlled economic and social power, which inspired similar revolutionary thoughts across Europe.

What were the three main groups of people with differing views on societal change during the time of the Russian Revolution?

The three main groups were liberals, radicals, and conservatives, each with distinct views on the extent of change needed in society, including issues like voting rights and the power of the monarchy.

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the working conditions and the economy in Europe?

The Industrial Revolution led to the replacement of manual labor with machines, resulting in faster production but also poor working conditions, long hours, low wages, and unemployment, which contributed to social unrest.

What were the core beliefs of the socialists regarding property ownership and its relation to social evil?

Socialists believed that private ownership of property was the root of all social evil. They advocated for collective ownership of property and the welfare of workers over the interests of property owners.

Who were some of the prominent socialist thinkers and what were their contributions?

Prominent socialist thinkers included Robert Owen, Louis Blaha, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. They contributed ideas and works like 'Das Kapital' and 'The Communist Manifesto,' advocating for workers' rights and the overthrow of capitalism.

What event is referred to as 'Bloody Sunday' and how did it spark the 1905 Russian Revolution?

Bloody Sunday refers to the incident on January 22, 1905, when over 110,000 workers led by Father Gapon marched to the Winter Palace to demand better working conditions and wages, resulting in a massacre by the Tsar's forces, which sparked the 1905 Russian Revolution.

What were the key differences between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks within the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP)?

The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, believed in a disciplined party with controlled membership, while the Mensheviks, led by Julius Martov, believed the party should be open to all. Both factions, however, supported workers' rights and social change.

How did World War I impact Russia's economy, society, and the popularity of the Tsar?

World War I led to heavy Russian casualties, labor shortages, industry shutdowns, food shortages, and widespread social unrest. It also made the Tsar and his family very unpopular due to poor decision-making and the influence of figures like Rasputin.

What were the key actions taken by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution of 1917?

After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks nationalized all banks, declared land as social property and returned it to peasants, ended the war, and changed the army uniforms. They also renamed themselves as the Russian Communist Party and disregarded election results to rule with an iron hand.

How did Joseph Stalin address the grain shortage problem after taking power?

Stalin enforced the collectivization of farms, forcing peasants to work in collective farms called kolkhozes and sharing profits equally. Resistance was met with punishment, deportation, or exile, although this policy did not immediately increase grain production and led to a major famine in 1930.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 The Dawn of Socialism and the Russian Revolution

This paragraph introduces the profound impact of the Russian Revolution on society, which overthrew the monarchy and promised a socialist society with equality and peace. It sets the stage for a series of modules that will explore the revolution's story, the movement against class division, and the creation of a classless society. The French Revolution's role in propagating ideas of freedom and equality is highlighted as a precursor to socialism in Europe. The paragraph also discusses the varying perspectives of liberals, radicals, and conservatives on societal change and the economic and social effects of the Industrial Revolution, which contributed to the growing desire for change among the working class.

05:01

🏭 The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Socialism

The second paragraph delves into the deplorable working conditions during the Industrial Revolution across Europe, which served as fertile ground for the rise of socialism. It outlines the socialist belief in the collective ownership of property as a solution to social inequality, highlighting key socialist thinkers like Robert Owen, Louis Blaha, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. The formation of the Second International is mentioned as a coordinating body for socialists. The paragraph also recounts the Bloody Sunday incident in Saint Petersburg, which catalyzed the Russian Revolution of 1905, and describes the autocratic rule of Tsar Nicholas II and the widespread dissatisfaction among workers and peasants due to poor living conditions and land ownership issues.

10:02

🔨 The Unrest Leading to the Russian Revolution

This paragraph discusses the emergence of political parties like the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP) and the Socialist Revolutionary Party in response to the widespread unhappiness among peasants and workers in Russia. It details the RSDWP's division into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, respectively, and their differing views on party membership. The Socialist Revolutionary Party's belief in the peasantry as the revolution's driving force is also mentioned. The paragraph culminates in the description of Bloody Sunday in 1904, the subsequent strikes and demands for a constituent assembly, and the Tsar's resistance to these demands, which ultimately led to the formation of the Petrograd Soviet and the abdication of the Tsar.

15:03

🛑 The Fall of Monarchy and the Bolshevik Uprising

The fourth paragraph narrates the significant events of 1917 in Russia, beginning with the fall of the monarchy following widespread protests and the formation of a provincial government. It describes Lenin's return from exile and his propagation of key points from his April Theses, including ending the war, transferring land to peasants, and nationalizing banks. The resistance from the provisional government under Alexander Kerensky and the subsequent Bolshevik uprising organized by Lenin and Leon Trotsky are detailed, culminating in the Bolsheviks' seizure of power in the October Revolution. The paragraph also outlines the early actions of the Bolsheviks, such as nationalizing banks, declaring land as social property, and ending the war.

20:04

🏛 The Bolsheviks' Rule and the Russian Civil War

This paragraph explores the Bolsheviks' consolidation of power after the October Revolution, including their disregard for election results, the establishment of the secret police known as the Cheka, and the ensuing resistance that led to the Russian Civil War. It describes the main factions in the civil war—the Reds (Bolsheviks), the Greens (Socialist Revolutionaries), and the Whites (Pro-Tsarists)—and the international support for the anti-Bolshevik forces. The paragraph details the hardships of the civil war, including casualties, looting, banditry, and famine, and concludes with the Bolsheviks' victory by 1920 and the subsequent creation of the Soviet Union in 1922.

25:07

🌾 Stalin's Era: Collectivization and Its Consequences

The final paragraph discusses the transition of power to Joseph Stalin after Lenin's death in 1924 and the challenges he faced, particularly the acute grain shortage. It explains the implementation of collectivization of farms, the forced participation of peasants in collective farms called kolkhozes, and the harsh treatment of those who resisted, including punishment, deportation, and exile. The paragraph also notes the failure of collectivization to immediately increase grain production, which led to one of the worst famines in Soviet history in 1930, resulting in over four million deaths.

Keywords

💡Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution refers to a series of momentous political upheavals in Russia that took place in 1917, leading to the end of the Tsarist autocracy and the rise of the Soviet Union. In the video, it is central to the narrative as it discusses the shift from monarchy to socialism and the significant societal changes that ensued, including the establishment of a society of equals and the eventual rise of the Bolsheviks under Lenin.

💡Socialism

Socialism is an economic and political system where the means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned or regulated by the community as a whole. The video emphasizes the promise of socialism as a system that aimed to bring peace and equality to all, contrasting with the class divisions and privileges of the past. It also discusses the spread of socialist ideas across Europe and their influence on various groups, including liberals, radicals, and conservatives.

💡French Revolution

The French Revolution, occurring in the late 18th century, is highlighted in the video as a precursor to the rise of socialism in Europe. It propagated ideas of freedom and equality and demonstrated the possibility of societal change, influencing thinkers and movements across the continent, including those in Russia.

💡Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain and spread across Europe, is a key concept in the video that illustrates the economic changes leading to the Russian Revolution. It brought about the mechanization of production, the growth of cities, and the expansion of railways, but also resulted in poor working conditions, long hours, and low wages, which contributed to worker dissatisfaction and the push for revolution.

💡Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a significant political group within the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP). The video describes their belief in a disciplined party and their role in the October Revolution of 1917, which led to the overthrow of the Provisional Government and the establishment of the Soviet regime.

💡Mensheviks

The Mensheviks, led by Julius Martov, were the other faction within the RSDWP, differing from the Bolsheviks in their belief that the party should be open to all. The video mentions their contrasting approach to party organization and their shared goal with the Bolsheviks of overthrowing the Tsarist regime.

💡Socialist Revolutionary Party

The Socialist Revolutionary Party is another political entity discussed in the video, which believed that peasants would be the driving force behind the revolution. They shared the goal of societal change with the RSDWP but had different strategies and beliefs about the agents of revolution.

💡Bloody Sunday

Bloody Sunday refers to the event on January 22, 1905, when a large group of workers led by Father Gapon marched to the Winter Palace to present their grievances to Tsar Nicholas II. The Cossacks' violent response led to numerous casualties and is cited in the video as a catalyst for the 1905 Russian Revolution.

💡International Women's Day

International Women's Day, celebrated on March 8, is mentioned in the video as a commemoration of the women-led strikes that occurred during the 1917 Russian Revolution. The script highlights the significance of women's participation in the protests that contributed to the fall of the Tsarist regime.

💡Collectivization

Collectivization, as discussed in the video in the context of Joseph Stalin's policies, refers to the forced consolidation of individual landholdings and labor into collective farms, or kolkhozes. This policy was intended to address grain shortages and increase agricultural efficiency, but it also led to significant resistance and a devastating famine.

💡Five-Year Plans

The Five-Year Plans were a series of centralized economic plans implemented by the Soviet Union to promote rapid industrial growth. The video mentions these plans in relation to Lenin's policies and their continuation under Stalin, which included price fixing and nationalization of industries to achieve economic goals.

Highlights

The Russian Revolution marked a significant shift from monarchical rule to the promise of socialism, aiming for a society of equals.

The French Revolution was a precursor to socialism in Europe, propagating ideas of freedom and equality.

Three distinct groups emerged with differing views on societal change: liberals, radicals, and conservatives.

Liberals advocated for an elected parliamentary government but limited voting rights to property owners.

Radicals supported universal suffrage and the right for women to vote, differing from liberals on voting rights.

The Industrial Revolution transformed the economic landscape, leading to poor working conditions and a desire for change.

Socialists, including Robert Owen, Louis Blaha, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, proposed collective ownership of property.

The Second International was formed to coordinate socialist efforts across Europe.

Bloody Sunday in 1905, where over a hundred people were killed, was a catalyst for the Russian Revolution.

The Russian autocracy under Tsar Nicholas II faced widespread dissatisfaction from workers and peasants.

The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party (RSDWP) and the Socialist Revolutionary Party emerged as key political forces.

The February Revolution of 1917 led to the abdication of the Tsar and the formation of a provincial government.

Lenin's return to Russia and the Bolshevik Party's renaming to the Communist Party marked a significant political shift.

The October Revolution in 1917 saw the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, seize power and begin implementing radical reforms.

The Russian Civil War, fought between the Bolsheviks (Reds) and anti-Bolsheviks (Whites and Greens), resulted in a Bolshevik victory.

Stalin's collectivization of farms and the subsequent famine of 1930 had a profound impact on Soviet agriculture.

Lenin's death in 1924 led to Joseph Stalin taking power and continuing the Soviet Union's transformation.

Transcripts

the russian revolution changed life

forever having replaced the rule by the

monarchy

the dawn of socialism promised peace and

equality to all

over the next few modules you will hear

the story of the russian revolution

the story of how people decided to get

rid of privilege

and class division and create a society

made up of equals before we learn

about the revolution itself it is

important for us

to understand how socialism came to

europe

the french revolution during the late

18th century

was an important stepping stone for

socialism

as it propagated the ideas of freedom

and equality it also gave hope to the

people

by showing them that it was possible to

create a society

where people could decide who controlled

the economic

and social power

these revolutionary ideas spread quickly

across

all of europe

even in india eminent people like raja

ram mohan roy

and derozio discussed the importance of

the french revolution

however people across the world were

divided on the degree of change

that needed to be made to society

on a broad scale these people could be

divided

into three distinct groups liberals

radicals and conservatives

liberals dreamt of a nation where all

religions could be considered equal

they were against giving absolute powers

to the monarchy

instead they wanted an elected

parliamentary government

but on the other hand they believed that

not everyone

had the right to vote only property

owners could be allowed to vote

they did not support the suffragette

movements either

suffragette movements campaigned to give

women the right to vote

radicals too agreed with the liberals on

religious tolerance

and the removal of the absolute pass

from the monarchy

they however believed that all people

had a right to vote

irrespective of whether they were

property owners or not

they also supported the right for women

to vote

the third group of people the

conservatives

were supposed to change altogether

in time they realized that some change

was inevitable but they still

felt that it needed to be a gradual

process

as you can see the views differed

greatly between these three groups

while these debates were going on change

was happening

on the economic front too

the industrial revolution had started in

britain

and it slowly spread across europe

it saw the replacement of manual labor

with machines

resulting in goods being manufactured at

a much faster rate

the industrial revolution saw the

formation of new cities

development of industrial regions and

the expansion of the railways

as a result more people went to work in

factories

however the working conditions were

quite pitiable long hours

coupled with low wages demoralized the

workers

sometimes the low demand for goods

resulted in unemployment too

all this left the workers yearning for

change

the solution was to stop the feudal

system of privileges

enjoyed by the aristocracy

liberals and radicals rallied around the

right of individual

freedom the right of the poor to work

and the right of people having money to

operate without restraint

revolutionaries across europe

be it in france italy

germany or russia all dreamt about

change

and worked to overthrow the existing

monarchies

as you will see in the modules to come

the russian revolution 2

succeeded in enforcing change

the price to pay for it however was

quite heavy

as you have already seen the working

conditions of people across europe

during the industrial revolution were

pitiable

this coupled with low wages

acted as a perfect platform for the

advent

of socialism

socialists felt that the private

ownership

of property was the root of all social

evil

although they agreed that property

owners provided jobs

they also felt that owners were not

interested

in the welfare of the workers

considering this socialism propagated

the idea

of collective ownership of property

some of the eminent socialist thinkers

were robert owen

louis blah karl marx

and frederic engels robert owen

believed in the idea of cooperatives

and tried to build one in indiana

louis blah however

felt that an individual could not build

a cooperative community

instead he pushed for the governments to

encourage cooperatives

karl marx stated in his book

da's capital that workers

needed to overthrow capitalism and

create a society

where property was controlled

collectively

fredris engels too contributed to these

thoughts

through his book the communist manifesto

though they had minor differences in

their ideas

they all agreed that socialism was the

natural way forward

as socialist ideas spread across europe

the socialists formed the second

international

to act as a body to coordinate their

efforts

it was not until 1914 that

socialists finally managed to form a

government

in europe

in 1904 over 110

000 workers in saint petersburg went on

strike

demanding better working conditions and

wages

led by father gabon they marched to the

winter palace

the home of tsar nikolas ii

ordered the dreaded cossacks to attack

the people

over a hundred were killed and many

wounded

this incident referred to as bloody

sunday

sparked off the russian revolution of

1905

so what led to the revolt by the people

russia was in those days an autocracy

ruled by tsar nicolas ii

he ruled a vast territory that included

current day countries such as

finland latvia

lithuania estonia

parts of poland ukraine

and belarus

both saint petersburg and moscow

were prominent industrial areas of that

time

most of the industries were privately

owned by industrialists

so although the government had rules

regarding minimum wages

and limited work hours in many factories

and workshops

these rules were broken

this led to dissatisfaction amongst the

workers

across russia peasants too

were unhappy comprising more than 85

percent of the population

they earned their living from

agriculture

however they owned very little land

majority of the land was owned by the

nobility

the tsar and the orthodox church

and so peasants pooled their land

regularly

and divided it based on the needs of

individual families

as you can see both peasants and workers

were unhappy across russia

this saw the advent of two prominent

political parties

the russian social democratic workers

party

or rsdwp and

the socialist revolutionary party

the rsdwp followed mark's ideas

and aimed to provide support to workers

it consisted of two groups

bolsheviks led by vladimir lenin

and mensheviks led by julius martov

the bolsheviks believed in discipline

and controlling the quality of the party

members

whereas the manchurics believed that the

party needed to be open to all

while the rsdwp backed the workers

the socialist revolutionary party on the

other hand

believed that peasants would be the

driving force behind the revolution

both these parties however agreed that

things needed to change

and to do this they needed to first

topple the autocratic rule by the tsar

and so finally in 1904

on bloody sunday a large group of

workers and peasants

marched to the winter palace to demand

change

following this strikes took place

all over russia everyone demanded

a constituent assembly

tsar finally relented and agreed to the

creation of the parliament or the doomer

fearing a reduction in his past

he dismissed the first duma and the

second one as well

finally in the third duma

he succeeded in filling it up with

conservatives

and keeping out the liberals and the

radicals

za nicolas thought that this was the end

of the revolution

but larger revolutions were yet to come

the first world war broke out in 1914

on one side were the ontand powers

that comprised russia

france uk

italy japan

australia canada

america and on the other side

were the central parts that comprised

germany

austria hungary

the ottoman empire and

the kingdom of bulgaria being a member

of the anthone powers

russia led by tsar nicholas ii

got pulled into the first world war

the russians hated the germans who were

a member of the central pars

so much so that they renamed saint

petersburg

a german name to petrograd

the people despised the autocracy ii

owing

to the zarina's german roots and poor

advisors

such as the monk rasputin

the war raged on and the tsar started

taking decisions

without consulting the duma

although russia had the largest army

biting from the eastern front

they started leaving heavy casualties

during the battle

over seven million people died

finally the russian army started

retreating

while retreating they destroyed crops

and buildings

this resulted in over 3 million refugees

in russia

the war had a severe impact on the

industry as well

as they were cut off from suppliers by

germans

who controlled the baltic sea

labor shortages followed as all the

able-bodied

men had been called to take part in the

war

and this led to the shutting down of

workshops

food was a problem as well

large supplies of grain were being sent

to feed the army

leaving very little for the people back

home

and by the winter of 1916

fighting and riots started breaking out

at bread shops

the world war crippled russia

and as expected the tsar and the royal

family

became very unpopular

the first world war was over

and russia was still trying to recover

from its effects

in petrograd the situation was sternly

serious

strangely the river literally seemed to

highlight

the social and economic divide in the

city

to the left of the neva were the

well-to-do areas

such as the winter palace official

buildings and the place where the duma

met

to the right of the neva were the

workers quarters and factories

in february of 1917

workers from around 50 factories on the

right bank of neva

called a strike in many places

the women led the strike

did you know that in order to

commemorate this event

22nd february is today celebrated

world over as international women's day

workers moved to the left side of the

riverbank

and by the end of the day the

fashionable quarters and official

buildings

were surrounded by workers the

government

responded by calling in troops to

control the situation

it then suspended the duma this was the

last straw

the protests became louder and more

violent

the soldiers refused to fire at the

protesters

instead they joined them the striking

workers

and the soldiers got together and formed

the petrograd soviet

the tsar was finally forced to abdicate

russia was finally free from the

monarchy and a provincial government

was formed lenin saw this as the apt

time

to return to russia from his exile he

propagated the three key points

from his april theses bringing the war

to an end

transferring land to the peasants and

the nationalization of banks

in addition he wanted the bolshevik

party

to rename itself as the communist party

the provincial government headed by

karensky saw lenin as a threat

and started arresting the bolsheviks and

resisting the spread of their ideas

lenin feared that karensky was setting

up a dictatorship

and he convinced the bolsheviks to stage

an uprising

he appointed a military revolutionary

committee

under leon trotsky to organize the

uprising

in october 1917

the bolsheviks with the help of leon

trotsky

successfully ceased power from the

provincial government

so the year 1917 was very eventful for

russia

as it saw the fall of the monarchy

the rise and fall of the karensky

government

and finally the rise of lenin and

the bolsheviks

lenin and the bolsheviks seized control

of russia

after the october revolution of 1917

the bolsheviks immediately started work

on the agenda prescribed by lenin's

april theses

they first nationalized all the banks

and brought them under government

management

they then declared land as social

property

and returned it to the peasants

and they ended the war and brought in

changes to the army uniforms

so as to assert the change one of the

changes

was the new soviet hat called the budio

novka

to match their new ideals the bolshevik

party

renamed itself as the russian communist

party

the next step was to conduct the

elections

where they failed to gain a majority

lenin

disregarded the results dismissed the

assembly

and subsequently began to rule

the russian communist party ruled with

an iron hand

they created the secret police called

the checker to control possible

anti-bolsheviks

all these decisions led to resistance

among the people

and paved way for the civil war in

russia

the bolsheviks referred to as the reds

had two primary opponents

one was the socialist revolutionists

called the greens the other

was the pro czarists called the whites

supporting the whites and the greens

were france

america britain and japan

as they were worried seeing the growth

of socialism in russia

the civil war between the bolsheviks and

the anti-bolsheviks

had a lot of casualties on both sides

looting and banditry coupled with famine

became a common occurrence

finally by january 1920

with the help of non-russian

nationalities

and muslim jadidists the bolsheviks

finally managed to win the war

in return on december 1922

when the soviet union was created the

non-russian nationals

were given political autonomy

and thus the bolsheviks managed to

retain control

of the soviet union through the civil

war

however they were not able to win over

the different nationalities

because of unpopular policies such as

the discouragement of nomadism

while the civil war was going on the

bolsheviks

kept both banks and industries

nationalized they made five-year plans

centered on economic growth this

included

the fixing of prices to promote

industrial growth

for the next few years under lenin

the soviet union saw both industrial

and economic growth

the first world war was over

and russia was still trying to recover

from its effects

in petrograd the situation was sternly

serious

strangely the river neva literally

seemed to highlight

the social and economic divide in the

city

to the left of the neva were the

well-to-do areas

such as the winter palace official

buildings

and the place where the duma met to the

right of the neva

were the workers quarters and factories

in february of 1917

workers from around 50 factories on the

right bank of neva

called a strike in many places

the women led the strike

did you know that in order to

commemorate this event

22nd february is today celebrated

world over as international women's day

workers moved to the left side of the

riverbank

and by the end of the day the

fashionable quarters

and official buildings were surrounded

by workers

the government responded by calling in

troops to control the situation

it then suspended the duma this was the

last straw

the protests became louder and more

violent

the soldiers refused to fire at the

protesters

instead they joined them the striking

workers

and the soldiers got together and formed

the petrograd soviet

the tsar was finally forced to abdicate

russia was finally free from the

monarchy

and a provincial government was formed

lenin saw this as the aptime to return

to russia from his exile

he propagated the three key points from

his april theses

bringing the war to an end transferring

land to the peasants

and the nationalization of banks

in addition he wanted the bolshevik

party to rename itself as the communist

party

a provincial government headed by

karensky saw lenin as a threat

and started arresting the bolsheviks and

resisting the spread of their ideas

lenin feared that karensky was setting

up a dictatorship

and he convinced the bolsheviks to stage

an uprising

he appointed a military revolutionary

committee

under leon trotsky to organize the

uprising

october 1917 the bolsheviks

with the help of leon trotsky

successfully ceased par from the

provincial government

so the year 1917 was very eventful for

russia

as it saw the fall of the monarchy

the rise and fall of the karensky

government

and finally the rise of lenin and

the bolsheviks

lennon headed the soviet union till his

death in 1924

after this joseph stalin took over the

reigns from him

one of the problems that stalin faced

towards the beginning of his tenure

was the acute shortage of grain

as part of the five-year plan

implemented by lenin

the government had fixed the price of

grain

however the peasants did not want to

sell to the government

at these prices to counter this

party members rated kulaks or well-to-do

peasants for grains

as a solution to the grain shortage

stalin decided to enforce

collectivization of farms

peasants were forced to work in

collective farms called

kolkos and the profits were shared

equally

anyone who resisted was caught and

punished

and sometimes deported or exiled

stalin was not entirely successful as

the production of grain

did not increase immediately

in fact in 1930

the soviet union faced one of the worst

famines in history

leaving over four million people dead

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you