CBSE Class 9 History - 2 || Socialism in Europe and the Russia || Full Chapter || By Shiksha House

Summary

The video script chronicles the transformative impact of the Russian Revolution, which overthrew the monarchy and introduced socialist ideals. It traces the spread of revolutionary ideas from the French Revolution, the emergence of distinct political factions—liberals, radicals, and conservatives—and the Industrial Revolution's role in societal discontent. The narrative details the Russian Revolution's progression, from Bloody Sunday to the rise of the Bolsheviks and the establishment of the Soviet Union. It also covers the challenges faced by Lenin and Stalin, including the civil war, economic policies, and the collectivization of farms, which had profound effects on the nation's social and economic landscape.

Takeaways

• 🔍 The Russian Revolution marked a significant shift from monarchy to socialism, aiming to eliminate class divisions and create an equal society.
• 🌐 The French Revolution of the 18th century was a precursor to socialism in Europe, advocating for freedom and equality and inspiring change across continents.
• 🏛 The Industrial Revolution led to the growth of cities and industry but also resulted in poor working conditions, low wages, and unemployment, fueling the desire for societal change.
• 🗳️ Political ideologies were divided into liberals, radicals, and conservatives, each with varying views on the extent of societal change needed, from equal voting rights to maintaining the status quo.
• 🏭 The rise of socialism was characterized by the belief in collective ownership of property as a solution to social inequality, with thinkers like Robert Owen, Louis Blanc, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels influencing its development.
• 📚 The Russian Revolution of 1905, sparked by 'Bloody Sunday,' was a precursor to the 1917 revolution, reflecting widespread dissatisfaction with Tsarist rule and the desire for a Constituent Assembly.
• 🛑 World War I exacerbated Russia's social and economic issues, leading to widespread discontent and the eventual abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, ending the monarchy.
• 🔄 The October Revolution of 1917 saw the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, seize power and begin implementing radical socialist policies, including nationalization of banks and land redistribution.
• 🏹 The Russian Civil War was a conflict between the Bolshevik 'Reds' and anti-Bolshevik 'Whites' and 'Greens,' with foreign powers supporting the latter due to concerns over the spread of socialism.
• 🏭 Under Lenin and later Stalin, the Soviet Union pursued aggressive industrialization and collectivization policies, despite facing resistance and severe challenges such as famine.
• 📉 Stalin's forced collectivization of agriculture led to a significant grain shortage and one of the worst famines in Soviet history, causing millions of deaths.

Q & A

What significant event did the Russian Revolution bring about?

The Russian Revolution replaced the rule by the monarchy and introduced the concept of socialism, promising peace and equality for all.

How did the French Revolution influence the spread of socialist ideas in Europe?

The French Revolution propagated the ideas of freedom and equality, showing that it was possible to create a society where people controlled economic and social power, and these ideas spread quickly across Europe.

What were the three distinct groups that emerged in response to the revolutionary ideas in society?

The three groups were liberals, radicals, and conservatives, each with different views on the degree of change needed in society.

What were the main beliefs of liberals during the time of the Russian Revolution?

Liberals believed in equality of all religions, an elected parliamentary government instead of absolute monarchy, but they only supported voting rights for property owners and did not support suffragette movements.

What was the stance of radicals on voting rights and women's suffrage?

Radicals agreed with liberals on religious tolerance and removal of absolute monarchy, but they believed in universal voting rights and supported women's suffrage.

How did the Industrial Revolution impact the working conditions and aspirations of workers in Europe?

The Industrial Revolution led to the formation of new cities and industrial regions, but the working conditions were poor with long hours and low wages, leading workers to yearn for change.

What was the main argument of socialists against private ownership of property?

Socialists believed that private ownership of property was the root of all social evil, as property owners were not interested in the welfare of the workers despite providing jobs.

Who were some of the prominent socialist thinkers mentioned in the script?

Some of the eminent socialist thinkers mentioned are Robert Owen, Louis Blum, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels.

What event is referred to as 'Bloody Sunday' and what was its significance in the Russian Revolution?

Bloody Sunday refers to the incident in 1905 when over 100,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike demanding better conditions and were attacked by the Tsar's Cossacks, sparking off the Russian Revolution of 1905.

How did the First World War contribute to the conditions that led to the Russian Revolution?

The First World War led to heavy casualties, labor shortages, and food shortages in Russia, making the Tsar and the royal family very unpopular and creating conditions ripe for revolution.

What were the key points of Lenin's April Theses and how did they influence the Bolsheviks' actions after the October Revolution?

Lenin's April Theses called for an end to the war, land to be transferred to peasants, and the nationalization of banks. After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks implemented these points, renaming the party to the Communist Party and taking control of banks and land distribution.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 The Dawn of Socialism and the Russian Revolution

This paragraph introduces the Russian Revolution as a pivotal event that replaced monarchy with the promise of socialism, aiming for a classless society. It sets the stage by discussing the spread of socialist ideas across Europe following the French Revolution, highlighting the role of key figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy. The paragraph also outlines the differing views among liberals, radicals, and conservatives on societal change and the impact of the Industrial Revolution on working conditions, which contributed to the desire for change and the rise of revolutionary movements.

05:02

🏭 The Industrial Struggles and the Advent of Socialism

This section delves into the deplorable working conditions during the Industrial Revolution, which served as fertile ground for socialist ideologies. It discusses the belief of socialists that private property ownership was the root of social ills and introduces key socialist thinkers like Robert Owen, Louis Blanqui, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. The formation of the Second International and the 1905 Russian Revolution, triggered by 'Bloody Sunday,' are also covered, illustrating the growing unrest and the push for workers' rights and better living conditions.

10:03

👥 The Discontent of Peasants and Workers in Russia

The paragraph focuses on the widespread dissatisfaction among Russian peasants and workers, who faced land ownership issues and poor working conditions. It describes the emergence of political parties like the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), which included the Bolsheviks led by Lenin and the Mensheviks led by Martov, and the Socialist Revolutionary Party. The narrative of the 1904 Bloody Sunday event and the subsequent strikes and demands for a Constituent Assembly are also included, leading to the formation of the Duma and the eventual abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.

15:05

🛑 The 1917 Russian Revolution and the Fall of the Monarchy

This paragraph details the events of 1917, starting with the February Revolution that led to the abdication of the Tsar and the establishment of a provincial government. It discusses the return of Lenin from exile, his April Theses, and the renaming of the Bolshevik Party to the Communist Party. The narrative includes the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks' seizure of power with Leon Trotsky's help, and the subsequent establishment of Soviet rule, marking the end of the monarchy and the beginning of a new era in Russia.

20:06

🏛 The Bolsheviks' Rule and the Russian Civil War

The paragraph covers the Bolsheviks' immediate actions after taking power, including the nationalization of banks, land redistribution to peasants, and military reforms. It discusses the challenges faced by Lenin's government, such as resistance from anti-Bolshevik forces, leading to the Russian Civil War. The war's impact, the eventual victory of the Bolsheviks, and the formation of the Soviet Union are also highlighted, along with the economic policies and the first Five-Year Plan aimed at promoting industrial growth.

25:06

🌾 Stalin's Era: Collectivization and Famine

This section discusses the transition of power to Joseph Stalin after Lenin's death and the challenges he faced, particularly the grain shortage. It outlines Stalin's solution of enforcing farm collectivization and the establishment of collective farms called 'Kolkhozy.' The resistance to this policy, the punishment of those who opposed it, and the disastrous 1930 famine that resulted in millions of deaths are also covered, painting a picture of the harsh realities of Stalin's early rule.

Keywords

💡Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution refers to a series of momentous political upheavals that took place in Russia during the early 20th century, leading to the end of the Tsarist autocracy and the rise of the Soviet Union. It is central to the video's theme, illustrating the shift from monarchy to socialism and the quest for a classless society. The script mentions the revolution's impact on life and its role in dismantling privilege and class division.

💡Socialism

Socialism is an economic and political system where the means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned or regulated by the community as a whole. In the context of the video, socialism is presented as an ideology that promised peace and equality, and it was the philosophical underpinning of the changes brought about by the Russian Revolution. The script discusses how socialist ideas spread across Europe and influenced the revolutionaries.

💡French Revolution

The French Revolution, which took place in the late 18th century, was a significant precursor to the rise of socialism in Europe. It propagated ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity, which are foundational to the video's narrative of societal change. The script highlights its influence on the spread of revolutionary ideas and its importance to figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

💡Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution marked a period of rapid industrialization that began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of Europe. It is relevant to the video's content as it led to the formation of industrial regions and cities, but also to poor working conditions and economic disparity, which in turn fueled the desire for change and the rise of socialist thought.

💡Liberals

In the script, Liberals are one of the three distinct groups with differing views on societal change. They advocated for religious equality and an elected parliamentary government, but believed that only property owners should have the right to vote. Their stance is contrasted with that of Radicals and Conservatives, showing the spectrum of opinions on social and political reform.

💡Radicals

Radicals, as described in the script, were those who agreed with Liberals on religious tolerance and reducing the monarchy's power, but went further by advocating for universal suffrage and women's right to vote. They represent a more progressive faction in the push for societal change, aligning closely with the video's theme of equality and societal restructuring.

💡Conservatives

Conservatives, according to the script, were opposed to change and favored maintaining the status quo. However, they eventually recognized the inevitability of some change, albeit through a gradual process. Their perspective provides a counterpoint to the more radical changes advocated by Liberals and Radicals in the video's narrative.

💡Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a faction within the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP). They believed in a disciplined party with controlled membership. The script details their rise to power during the October Revolution and their implementation of socialist policies, which is a pivotal part of the video's storyline on the establishment of the Soviet Union.

💡Mensheviks

Mensheviks, led by Julius Martov, were the other faction within the RSDWP. They believed in a more open party structure, as opposed to the Bolsheviks' disciplined approach. The script contrasts their views with those of the Bolsheviks, illustrating the internal divisions within the socialist movement in Russia.

💡Collectivization

Collectivization, as discussed in the script in relation to Stalin's policies, refers to the forced consolidation of individual land holdings and labor into collective farms or 'Kolkhozy'. This policy was intended to increase agricultural efficiency but led to significant resistance and a devastating famine, underscoring the challenges faced in the implementation of socialist reforms.

💡Five-Year Plans

The Five-Year Plans were a series of centralized economic plans implemented by the Soviet Union to promote rapid industrial growth. The script mentions these plans in the context of Lenin's policies, highlighting the Soviet Union's focus on economic development and the fixing of prices to encourage industrialization.

Highlights

The Russian Revolution marked a significant shift from monarchical rule to socialism, aiming for a classless society.

Socialism's spread in Europe was influenced by the French Revolution's ideals of freedom and equality.

The Industrial Revolution led to poor working conditions and low wages, fueling the desire for societal change.

Three distinct groups emerged with differing views on societal change: liberals, radicals, and conservatives.

Socialists like Robert Owen, Louis Blanc, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels advocated for collective ownership of property.

The Russian social democratic Workers Party (RSDWP) split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, with differing party membership views.

Bloody Sunday in 1905 sparked the Russian Revolution, with workers demanding better conditions and wages.

Tsar Nicholas II's autocratic rule faced challenges from growing discontent among peasants and workers.

The First World War exacerbated Russia's social and economic issues, leading to widespread unrest.

The October Revolution of 1917 led to the Bolsheviks, under Lenin, seizing power and beginning socialist reforms.

Lenin's April Theses outlined key reforms: ending the war, land redistribution, and bank nationalization.

The Russian Communist Party's rule was marked by iron-fisted governance and the establishment of the Cheka secret police.

The Russian Civil War saw the Bolsheviks (Reds) fight against anti-Bolshevik forces (Whites and Greens) with foreign support.

Stalin's collectivization of farms and forced labor led to a devastating famine and millions of deaths.

Despite resistance and a civil war, the Bolsheviks managed to retain control of the Soviet Union.

The Soviet Union under Lenin saw industrial and economic growth through nationalization and five-year plans.

International Women's Day originated from the women-led strikes in Russia, symbolizing the fight for workers' rights.

Transcripts

the Russian Revolution changed life

forever

having replaced the rule by the monarchy

the dawn of socialism promised peace and

equality to all over the next few

modules you will hear the story of the

Russian Revolution

the story of how people decided to get

rid of privilege and class division and

create a society made up of equals

before we learn about the Revolution

itself it is important for us to

understand how socialism came to Europe

the French Revolution during the late

18th century was an important stepping

stone for socialism

as it propagated the ideas of freedom

and equality it also gave hope to the

people by showing them that it was

possible to create a society where

people could decide who controlled the

economic and social power

these revolutionary ideas spread quickly

across all of Europe

even in India eminent people like Raja

Ram Mohan Roy and

rosio discuss the importance of the

French Revolution

however people across the world were

divided on the degree of change that

needed to be made to society

broad-scale these people could be

divided into three distinct groups

liberals radicals and conservatives

liberals dreamt of a nation where all

religions could be considered equal

they were against giving absolute pass

to the monarchy instead they wanted an

elected parliamentary government but on

the other hand they believed that not

everyone had the right to vote only

property owners could be allowed to vote

they did not support the suffragette

movements either

suffragette movements campaigned to give

women the right to vote

radicals - agreed with the liberals on

religious tolerance

removal of the absolute pass from the

monarchy

they however believed that all people

had a right to vote irrespective of

whether they were property owners or not

they also supported the right for women

to vote

the third group of people the

Conservatives were opposed to change

altogether in time they realized that

some change was inevitable

but they still felt that it needed to be

a gradual process as you can see the

views differed greatly between these

three groups while these debates were

going on change was happening on the

economic front too

the Industrial Revolution had started in

Britain and it slowly spread across

Europe it's on the replacement of manual

labor with machines resulting in goods

being manufactured at a much faster rate

the Industrial Revolution saw the

formation of new cities development of

industrial regions and the expansion of

the railways as a result more people

went to work in factories

however the working conditions look

quite pitiable long workers coupled with

low wages demoralize the workers

sometimes the low demand for goods

resulted in unemployment - all this left

the workers yearning for change

the solution was to stop the feudal

system of privileges enjoined by the

aristocracy liberals and radicals

rallied around the right of individual

freedom the right of the poor to work

and the right of people having money to

operate without restraint

revolutionaries across Europe

beat it in France Italy Germany or

Russia all dreamt about change and

worked to overthrow the existing

monarchies

as you will see in the modules to come

the Russian Revolution to succeeded in

enforcing change

the price to pay for it however was

quite heavy

as you have already seen

the working conditions of people across

Europe during the Industrial Revolution

were pitiable

this

with low wages

acted as a perfect platform for the

advent of socialism

socialists felt that the private

ownership of property was the root of

all social evil

although they agreed that property

owners provided jobs they also felt that

owners were not interested in the

welfare of the workers

considering this socialism propagated

the idea of collective ownership of

property

some of the eminent socialist thinkers

were Robert Owen

Louie blah

call marks

and Freddy's angles

Robert Irwin believed in the idea of

cooperatives and tried to build one in

Indiana

Loui blah however felt that an

individual could not build a cooperative

community

instead he pushed for the governments to

encourage cooperatives

Karl Marx stated in his book

Das Kapital that workers needed to

overthrow capitalism and create a

society

where property was controlled

collectively

Freddie's angles to contributed to these

thoughts through his book the Communist

Manifesto

though they had minor differences in

their ideas

they all agreed that socialism was the

natural way forward

as socialist ideas spread across Europe

the Socialists formed the second

international to act as a body to

coordinate their efforts

it was not until 1914 that socialists

finally managed to form a government in

Europe

in 1904 over 110,000 workers in st.

Petersburg went on strike demanding

better working conditions and wages

lent by father gap on being marched to

the Winter Palace

home of tsar nicholas ii

Asajj ordered the dreaded Cossacks to

attack the people

over the hundred were killed and many

wounded this incident referred to as

Bloody Sunday sparked off the Russian

Revolution of 1905

so what led to the revolt by the people

Russia was in those days an autocracy

ruled by Tsar Nicholas ii

he ruled a vast territory that included

currenty countries such as Finland

Latvia Lithuania

Estonia

parts of Poland Ukraine and Belarus

both st. Petersburg and Moscow were

prominent industrial areas of that time

most of the industries were privately

owned by industrialists

so although the government had rules

regarding minimum wages and limited

workers

in many factories and workshops these

rules were broken

this lent to dissatisfaction amongst the

workers across Russia

peasants do were unhappy

comprising more than 85% of the

population

they earned their living from

agriculture

however they owned very little land

majority of the land was owned by the

nobility

bizarre and the Orthodox Church

and so peasants

their land regularly and divided it

based on the needs of individual

families

as you can see

both peasants and workers were unhappy

across Russia

this saw the advent of two prominent

political parties the Russian social

democratic Workers Party or RS DWP and

the socialist revolutionary party

the RS DWP followed marks ideas and

aimed to provide support to workers

it consisted of two groups

bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin and

Mensheviks led by Julius Martov

the Bolsheviks believed in discipline

and controlling the quality of the party

members

whereas the Mensheviks believed that the

party needed to be open to all

while the RS DWP backed to workers

socialist Revolutionary Party on the

other hand believed that peasants would

be the driving force behind the

revolution

both these parties however agreed that

things needed to change

do this they needed to first topple the

autocratic rule by the Tsar

finally in 1904

on Bloody Sunday

a large group of workers and peasants

marched to the Winter Palace to demand

change

following this

strikes took place all over Russia

everyone demanded a Constituent Assembly

azar finally relented and agreed to the

creation of the Parliament or the Duma

fearing a reduction in his spots

he dismissed the first Duma and the

second one is well

finally in the third umma

he succeeded in filling it up with

conservatives and keeping out the

Liberals and the radicals

the niccola's thought that this was the

end of the revolution but larger

revolutions were yet to come

the first world war broke out in 1914

[Music]

on one side were the auntaunt powers

there

comprised Russia

France

UK

Italy

Japan

Australia

Canada

and America and on the other side were

the central powers that comprised

Germany

Austria

hungry

the Ottoman Empire

and the kingdom of Bulgaria

being a member of the auntaunt powers

led by tsar nicholas ii

got pulled into the First World War

Russians hated the Germans who are a

member of the central powers

so much so that they renamed st.

Petersburg

a German name to Petrograd

despite the autocracy - owing to the

Czarina's German roots and poor advisors

such as the monk Rasputin

the war raged on and the Czar started

taking decisions without consulting the

Duma

although Russia had the largest army

biting from the eastern front

they started leaving heavy casualties

during the battle

over seven million people died

finally

the Russian army started retreating

while retreating he destroyed crops and

buildings

this resulted in over three million

refugees in Russia

the war had a severe impact on the

industry as well as they were cut off

from suppliers by Germans

controlled the Baltic Sea

labor shortages followed as on the

able-bodied men had been called to take

part in the war

and this land to the shutting down of

workshops

food was a problem as well

large supplies of grain were being sent

to feed the army

leaving very little for the people back

home

and by the winter of 1916

fighting and riots started breaking out

at bread shops

the world war crippled Russia

and as expected the Tsar and the royal

family became very unpopular

a first world war was over

and Russia was still trying to recover

from its effects in Petrograd

only serious strangely river neva

literally seemed to highlight the social

and economic divide in the city

of the Neva were the well-to-do areas

such as the Winter Palace

shoe buildings

and a place where the Duma meant to the

right of the neva were the workers

waters and factories in February of 1917

workers from around 50 factories on the

right bank of neva called a strike in

many places

the women led the strike

did you know that in order to

commemorate this event

22nd February is today celebrated world

over as International Women's Day

workers moved to the left side of the

riverbank

and by the end of the day the

fashionable quarter's and official

buildings were surrounded by workers the

government responded by calling in

troops to control the situation

it then suspended the duma this was the

last straw

the protests became louder and more

violent the soldiers refused to fire at

the protesters

instead they joined them

striking workers and the soldiers got

together and formed the Petrograd Soviet

the Tsar was finally forced to abdicate

Russia was finally free from the

monarchy and a provincial government was

formed

Lenin saw this as the app time to return

to Russia from his exile he propagated

the three key points from his April

theses bringing the war to an end

transferring land to the peasants and

the nationalization of banks in addition

he wanted the Bolshevik Party to rename

itself as the Communist Party

a provincial government headed by

karinski

so Lenin as a threat and started

arresting the Bolsheviks and resisting

the spread of their ideas

Lenin feared that Kerensky were setting

up a dictatorship

he convinced the Bolsheviks to stage an

uprising he appointed a military

Revolutionary Committee under Leon

Trotsky to organize the uprising

towba 1917

the Bolsheviks

the help of Leon Trotsky

successfully seized spar from the

provincial government so the year 1917

was very eventful for Russia as it saw

the fall of the monarchy

the rise and fall of the Kerensky

government

and finally the rise of Lenin and the

Bolsheviks

Lenin and the Bolsheviks seized control

of Russia after the October Revolution

of 1917

bolsheviks immediately started work on

the agenda prescribed by Lenin's April

theses

they first nationalized all the banks

and brought them under government

management

they've been declared land as social

property

returned it to the peasants

and the end of the wall

and brought in changes to the army

uniforms so as to assert the change one

of the changes was the new Soviet hat

called the Budhia north car

to match their new ideals the Bolshevik

Party renamed itself as the Russian

Communist Party the next step was to

conduct the elections where they failed

to gain a majority Lenin the

granted the results dismissed the

assembly and subsequently began to rule

Russia the Russian Communist Party ruled

with an iron hand

they created the secret police called

the checker to

impossible anti Bolsheviks

all these decisions led to resistance

among the people and paved way for the

civil war in Russia

the Bolsheviks referred to as the Reds

had two primary opponents

one

socialist revolutionists called the

greens the other was the pros are lists

called

to whites supporting the whites and the

greens were France

America Britain and Japan as they were

worried seeing the growth of socialism

in Russia

the civil war between the Bolsheviks and

the anti-bolshevik s-- had lot of

casualties on both sides

looting and banditry coupled with famine

became a common occurrence

finally by January 1920 with the help of

non-russian nationalities and Muslim

daddy discs the Bolsheviks finally

managed to win the war

in return

22 when the Soviet Union was created the

non Russian nationals were given

political autonomy

and thus

bolsheviks managed to retain control of

the Soviet Union through the Civil War

however they were not able to win over

the different nationalities because of

unpopular policies such as the

discouragement of nomadism

while the Civil War was going on the

Bolsheviks kept both banks and

industries nationalized they made

five-year plans centered on economic

growth

this included the fixing of prices to

promote industrial growth for the next

few years under Lenin the Soviet Union

saw both industrial and economic growth

the first world war was over

and Russia was still trying to recover

from its effects in Petrograd

sternly serious strangely the river neva

literally seemed to highlight the social

and economic divide in the city

to the left of the neva were the

well-to-do areas such as the Winter

Palace

shoe buildings

and the place where the Duma meant to

the

of the Neva were the workers waters and

factories in February of 1917 workers

from around 50 factories on the right

bank of neva called a strike in many

places

the women led the strike

did you know that in order to

commemorate this event

22nd February is today celebrated world

over as International Women's Day

workers moved to the left side of the

riverbank

and by the end of the day the

fashionable quarter's and official

buildings was surrounded by workers the

government responded by calling in

troops to control the situation

it then suspended the duma this was the

last straw

protests became louder and more violent

the soldiers refused to fire at the

protesters

instead they joined them

making workers and the soldiers got

together and formed the Petrograd Soviet

the Tsar was finally forced to abdicate

Russia was finally free from the

monarchy and a provincial government was

formed

Lenin saw this as the apt time to return

to Russia from his exile he propagated

the three key points from his April

theses bringing the war to an end

transferring land to the peasants and

the nationalization of banks in addition

he wanted the Bolshevik Party to rename

itself as the Communist Party

a provincial government headed by

karinski so Lenin as a threat and

started arresting the Bolsheviks and

resisting the spread of their ideas

Lenin feared that Kerensky were setting

up a dictatorship

he convinced the Bolsheviks to stage an

uprising he appointed a military

Revolutionary Committee under Leon

Trotsky to organize the uprising

October 1917

the Bolsheviks

Leon Trotsky

successfully seized spar from the

provincial government so the year 1917

was very eventful for Russia as it saw

the fall of the monarchy

the rise and fall of the Kerensky

government

and finally the rise of Lenin and the

Bolsheviks

Lenin added the Soviet Union till his

death in 1924

after this Joseph Stalin took over the

reins from him

one of the problems that Stalin faced

towards the beginning of his tenure was

the acute shortage of grain

as part of the five-year plan

implemented by Lenin

the government had fixed the price of

grain however

the peasants did not want to sell to the

government at these prices to counter

this

party members raided kulaks or

well-to-do peasants for grains as a

solution to the grain shortage

Stalin decided to enforce

collectivization of farms

peasants were forced to work in

collective farms called Conchas

and the profits were shared equally

anyone who resisted was caught and

punished and sometimes deported or

exiled

Stalin was not entirely successful as

the production of grain did not increase

immediately

in fact

in 1930 the Soviet Union faced one of

the worst famines in history leaving

over 4 million people dead

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you