HISTORY OF COMPUTERS || BASIC COMPUTING PERIODS & GENERATIONS

Summary

This script explores the transformative journey of computers from the abacus to modern AI systems. It traces the evolution through five generations, starting with the mechanical calculators of Pascal and Leibniz, through Babbage's analytical engine, to the electronic advancements of ENIAC and the development of personal computers like the Osborne One. Highlighting key milestones and technological breakthroughs, the script captures the essence of computer innovation and its profound impact on society.

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Q & A

What is considered the first non-electric computer and who is believed to have invented it?

The abacus is considered the first non-electric computer, and it is believed to have been invented by the Babylonians around 2400 BC.

Who invented logarithms and what was their purpose?

Jan Napier invented logarithms in 1614 to simplify complex calculations.

What was the significance of 'Napier's Bones' in the history of computing devices?

Napier's Bones was a manually operated calculating device that used nine different ivory strips marked with numbers to multiply and divide, and it was the first machine to use the decimal point.

Who is credited with the invention of the first mechanical and automatic calculator, and what was it known as?

Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and philosopher, invented the first mechanical and automatic calculator known as the Pascaline.

What improvements did Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz make to Pascal's invention?

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz improved Pascal's invention by developing his own machine, the Stepped Reckoner, which could add, subtract, multiply, and divide using a digital mechanical calculator with wheels placed at right angles.

Who is known as the father of the modern computer and what concept did he originate?

Charles Babbage is known as the father of the modern computer, and he originated the concept of a programmable computer with his invention of the Difference Engine.

What was the purpose of the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage?

The Analytical Engine was a mechanical computer that used punch cards as input and was capable of solving any mathematical problem and storing information as a permanent memory.

What was the significance of the Mark 1 computer built in 1944?

The Mark 1 computer, built as a partnership between IBM and Harvard, was the first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States.

What was the ENIAC and why was it significant during World War II?

The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was a high-speed electronic computer built during World War II to perform calculations involving large numbers, especially for military purposes such as trajectory tables and other essential data.

Which computer is considered the first truly portable computer and who launched it?

The Osborne 1, launched by Adam Osborne in 1981, is considered by most historians to be the first truly portable computer.

What are the key characteristics of the five generations of computers?

The five generations of computers are characterized by major technological developments: 1) Vacuum tube circuitry and magnetic drums for main memory; 2) Transistors replacing vacuum tubes; 3) Integrated circuits with miniaturized transistors on silicon chips; 4) Microprocessors allowing for smaller and more powerful computers; 5) Artificial intelligence systems and devices with capabilities for natural language input and self-organization.