LITE111 Week 3 - History of Computer

Summary

This video script delves into the rich history of computers, tracing their evolution from manual devices like the abacus to modern AI-driven systems. It outlines the generations of computers, from pre-modern era's mechanical devices to fifth-generation computers characterized by AI and big data. The script also discusses the classification of computers based on purpose, data handling, and capacity, highlighting the transition from general-purpose to specialized supercomputers and the impact of technological advancements on computing.

Takeaways

• 💻 The term 'computer' was first used in 1613 to describe a person who performs calculations, and the word continued to be used into the 20th century.
• 🧮 The abacus, invented in China, is considered the first man-made computing device, used for counting purposes for centuries.
• 📊 The slide rule, invented by William Oughtred, was a mechanical analog computer used for solving logarithmic problems and was a precursor to modern digital computers.
• 🔢 The Pascaline, invented by Blaise Pascal, was an early mechanical calculator capable of addition and subtraction.
• 📈 The Analytical Engine, designed by Charles Babbage, was a general-purpose computer that could compute mathematical tables and is considered the forerunner of modern computers.
• 📊 The Arithmometer, by Thomas de Colmar, was the first mass-produced calculating machine, capable of basic mathematical functions.
• 📈 The ENIAC, developed during World War II, was the first programmable electronic general-purpose computer, designed to compute artillery range tables.
• 💾 The first generation of computers (1951-1958) used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums, processing about 1,000 instructions per second.
• 📈 The second generation (1958-1964) introduced transistors and magnetic core memory, increasing processing speed to millions of instructions per second.
• 📱 The third generation (1964-1971) brought integrated circuits, further reducing the size and increasing the speed of computers, with the IBM System/360 being a notable example.
• 🌐 The fourth generation (1971-present) saw the introduction of microprocessors, graphical user interfaces, and the development of the internet, leading to smaller and more powerful computers.

Q & A

What was the first use of the word 'computer' and when was it recorded?

The first use of the word 'computer' was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carries out calculations or computation.

What is the difference between analog and digital computers?

Analog computers are used for scientific, engineering, and process control purposes, dealing with continuous signals. Digital computers specialize in counting digital values that are discrete or separate, and the process itself is continuous.

What is the significance of the abacus in computing history?

The abacus, invented in China, is considered the first man-made computing device used for counting purposes and was in use for centuries due to its utility in numerical calculations.

What is a hybrid computer and how does it function?

A hybrid computer combines the capabilities of analog and digital computers. It has the ability to perform both static and dynamic performances, utilizing the measuring capabilities of analog and the logical capabilities of digital systems.

What is the role of supercomputers in modern technology?

Supercomputers are the most powerful in terms of speed and accuracy, capable of holding and processing vast amounts of data. They are widely used in solving complex mathematical computations and executing trillions of instructions per second, often found in large companies like Facebook and Google for business solutions.

What is the mainframe computer and what is its typical use?

A mainframe computer is a large size computer used for business solutions and organizational support. It is typically used for server purposes, handling transactions, and storing large amounts of data such as files and documents.

How did the evolution of computer systems change from the 1960s to the present?

From the 1960s, which focused on keyboard processing without mice, the evolution of computer systems has advanced to include the use of integrated circuits, microprocessors, and artificial intelligence. The processing speed has increased dramatically, and the size of computers has decreased while their capabilities have expanded to include graphical user interfaces and handheld devices.

What is the role of artificial intelligence in the fifth generation of computers?

Artificial intelligence plays a critical role in the fifth generation of computers, where it aids in learning, natural language input, and decision-making. It is still in development but has become more prominent due to its ability to handle complex tasks and improve the efficiency of computer systems.

What is the significance of the ENIAC computer in computing history?

The ENIAC, or Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, is significant as it was the first programmable electronic general-purpose computer. It was developed around 1945 and was designed for specific goals, such as computing values of artillery range tables.

What is the difference between a general-purpose and a special-purpose computer?

A general-purpose computer is designed to perform a variety of operations and can be used for personal, entertainment, gaming, storage, and networking purposes. A special-purpose computer, on the other hand, is designed for specific tasks and usually cannot be repurposed for general use.

How did the classification of computers according to size evolve over time?

The classification of computers by size evolved from mainframes and supercomputers to include minicomputers and microcomputers. Mainframes are large and powerful, while minicomputers are smaller and less expensive than mainframes but more powerful than microcomputers. Microcomputers include personal computers, laptops, and mobile devices, which are the smallest and most widely used.

Outlines

00:00

💻 Introduction to the History of Computers

This paragraph introduces the historical context of computers, emphasizing their initial purpose as calculating devices. It discusses the evolution from manual computing to the development of the first machines. The first use of the term 'computer' dates back to 1613, referring to a person who performed calculations. The script then delves into the pre-modern era, describing manual, mechanical, and electromechanical devices such as the abacus and the slide rule. It also mentions the contributions of mathematicians like William Oughtred and Blaise Pascal, whose inventions, like the slide rule and Pascaline, laid the groundwork for modern computing.

05:01

🔄 Evolution of Early Computing Devices

The script continues with the evolution of computing devices, focusing on the transition from mechanical to electronic devices. It highlights significant inventions like the difference engine by Charles Babbage and the analytical engine, which was designed to compute mathematical tables. The paragraph also discusses the development of the first general-purpose computer and the first programmable electronic general-purpose computer, ENIAC, developed around 1945. The script touches on the use of punch cards and the importance of these early machines in performing complex calculations, setting the stage for modern computers.

10:04

🚀 Advancements in Computer Generations

This section outlines the progression through different generations of computers, starting from the first generation (1951-1958) with vacuum tubes and magnetic drums to the second generation's introduction of transistors and magnetic cores. It details the improvements in processing speed and the reduction in computer size over the generations. The script also mentions the advent of integrated circuits in the third generation, leading to the development of minicomputers. The fourth generation is marked by the introduction of microprocessors and the rise of personal computing, while the fifth generation is characterized by the integration of artificial intelligence and the development of big data.

15:06

🌐 Impact of Technology on User Interfaces and Devices

The paragraph discusses the impact of technological advancements on user interfaces and devices. It contrasts the command-line interfaces of earlier generations with the graphical user interfaces and the introduction of the mouse in later generations. The script highlights the shift from black-and-white screens to more advanced output resolutions and the emergence of handheld devices. It also touches on the development of the internet and interconnected networks, which have become integral to modern computing.

20:06

📊 Classification of Computers Based on Purpose and Capacity

This paragraph delves into the classification of computers based on their purpose and capacity. It differentiates between general-purpose and special-purpose computers, as well as analog, digital, and hybrid computers. The script explains the roles of mainframe, mini, and microcomputers, and the significance of supercomputers in handling massive data and complex computations. It also discusses the evolution from manual to automated processes and the increasing importance of artificial intelligence in shaping the future of computing.

Keywords

💡Computing

Computing refers to the process of using computers to perform calculations and process data. In the context of the video, computing is the fundamental purpose for which computers were developed, emphasizing their initial use for mathematical calculations and problem-solving. The script mentions that early computers were exclusively designed for computing purposes rather than entertainment, highlighting the evolution from manual calculations to automated computing.

💡Abacus

The abacus is an ancient counting frame and is considered the first man-made computing device. Originating in China, it was used for counting purposes and is an example of a manual device used for computing before the advent of electronic computers. The script highlights the abacus as a significant step in the evolution of computing devices, showcasing the historical progression towards modern computers.

💡Analog Computer

An analog computer is a type of computer that uses continuous input signals, as opposed to digital computers that process discrete data. The script discusses analog computers in the context of pre-modern era devices, which were used for scientific, engineering, and process control purposes. They are mentioned as being safer in some contexts compared to digital signals due to fewer threats of digitalization, illustrating the trade-offs between different computing methods.

💡Digital Computer

A digital computer is a machine that processes information in the form of discrete values, which are dynamic and can change. The script explains that digital computers are used for a variety of operations, including personal, entertainment, gaming, and storage purposes. The transition from analog to digital is highlighted as a significant development in the evolution of computers, emphasizing the increased speed and capabilities of digital processing.

💡Mainframe Computer

A mainframe computer is a large, powerful machine used for business solutions and data processing. The script describes mainframes as large-sized computers capable of handling trillions of functions and instructions, typically used in organizations for server purposes. They are characterized by their high processing power and are an example of the progression towards more powerful and capable computing systems.

💡Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a small processing unit that forms the central part of a computer's logic. The script discusses the advent of microprocessors as a key development in the fourth generation of computers, where they enabled the creation of smaller, more powerful, and faster computers. Microprocessors have revolutionized the computing industry by allowing for the integration of millions of transistors on a single chip, leading to the development of personal computers and other devices.

💡Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. In the script, AI is highlighted as a critical aspect of the fifth generation of computers, where it is used for natural language processing, learning, and problem-solving. AI's development is portrayed as a significant milestone in computing, indicating the shift towards machines that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence.

💡Generations of Computers

The generations of computers refer to the distinct phases in the evolution of computing technology, each characterized by significant technological advancements. The script outlines the progression from pre-modern era devices to the fifth generation, which includes AI and big data processing. Each generation is marked by improvements in processing speed, size, and capabilities, reflecting the continuous innovation in the field of computing.

💡Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A graphical user interface is a visual way for users to interact with a computer system, as opposed to a command-line interface. The script mentions the introduction of GUIs in the fourth generation of computers, which made computers more user-friendly and accessible. The shift to GUIs is an example of how computing technology has evolved to become more intuitive and easier to use for the general public.

💡Supercomputer

A supercomputer is a high-performance computer that can perform a vast number of calculations at high speeds. The script describes supercomputers as the most powerful in terms of speed and accuracy, capable of executing trillions of instructions per second. They are used for complex mathematical computations and are often found in large companies and research institutions, demonstrating the extreme capabilities of modern computing technology.

💡Microcomputer

A microcomputer is a small, less expensive computer designed for individual use, as opposed to larger mainframe or minicomputers. The script discusses the emergence of microcomputers in the late 1960s, which were more affordable and accessible than previous computer systems. Microcomputers paved the way for personal computers, laptops, and other portable devices, indicating a significant shift towards personal computing and individual access to technology.

Highlights

The first use of the word 'computer' was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carries out calculations.

Human computers were engaged with calculation of mathematical expressions, which was expensive and required well-trained individuals.

The abacus, invented in China, is considered the first man-made computing device used for counting purposes.

The slide rule, invented by William Oughtred, was a mechanical analog computer used for solving problems through approximation.

Blaise Pascal's Pascaline calculator was an early mechanical device designed to perform addition and subtraction.

The Analytical Engine, designed by Charles Babbage, was a general-purpose computer capable of computing any mathematical problem.

The Arithmometer by Thomas de Colmar was the first mass-produced calculating machine in the 1820s.

The ABC computer, co-designed by Atanasoff, was the first special-purpose digital computer capable of solving simultaneous equations.

The ENIAC, developed around 1945, was the first programmable electronic general-purpose computer.

The Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) was an early computer that read binary numbers.

First-generation computers (1951-1958) used vacuum tubes and could process 1,000 instructions per second.

Second-generation computers introduced transistors, increasing processing speed to millions of instructions per second.

Third-generation computers featured integrated circuits, reducing size and increasing processing speed to 10 million instructions per second.

Fourth-generation computers introduced microprocessors and large-scale integrated circuits, with processing speeds reaching billions of instructions per second.

Fifth-generation computers are characterized by artificial intelligence, which is still in development and becoming increasingly popular.

Computers can be classified by purpose into general-purpose, special-purpose, analog, digital, and hybrid types.

Supercomputers are the most powerful in terms of speed and accuracy, used for complex mathematical computations and executing trillions of instructions per second.

Mainframe computers are large-sized and used for business solutions and organization support, handling large volumes of data and transactions.

Microcomputers are the smallest, least expensive, and most widely used, including personal computers, laptops, and mobile devices.

Transcripts

reading Okay let's discuss the history

of the computer Let's start First with

the topics that needed to be discussed

meaning the introduction the evolution

of the computers the Generation of

computers the classification of

computers that is according to purpose

according to data handles and according

to capacity so let's start the

introduction of this during the earliest

of computer system ah noon pa naman

there is a computing word na tinatawag

pag sinabing computing word is about

computing Kaya nga ang computers has

been developed or generated because it

is for computing purposes meaning for

computing

purposes we define about

counting Okay

so when we're talking about counting

we're talking about number system ang

computer kasi exclusively ginawa yung

for computing purposes it's not for

entertainment and so on and so forth So

this human computers were typically

engaged with calculation of Mathematical

expression could be followed by this

time calculation for that periods are

very expensive during the years of

training in mathematics napakamahal at

higit sa lahat well trained na mga tao

ang nakakagamit lang so the first use of

the word computer was recorded in

1613 it refers to a person who carries

out the calculation or computation and

the word continue to be used in the

middle of 20th century so let's start

First with this evolution of pictures of

computer system basically during that

time there would be no Mouse Okay so

particularly We only have Keyboards and

syntax during the 16

1960s so it's more on keyboard

processing wala pa mga Mouse during that

time Let's start first to discuss the

evolution of computers so we have here

the pre modern era then we have the

first second third fourth and the fifth

generations or the future Generation

Let's talk about first the pre modern

era so there are three classification of

devices that evolves during the

premodern era ito iyung mga manual

mechanical devices electromechanical and

including electronic devices Let's start

with this t stick This is a manual

device a stick ancient memory memory aid

device para ma-record yung mga documents

numbers quantities or even messages

They're using this one t sticks nung

dati so This was for the ancient time

operated manually so there is no

involvement of electricity then we have

the abacus this was been invented in

China Chinese people are using this it's

for counting purposes So this is a

counting frame and it is considered the

first man-made computing

device ginamit din to ng matagal for the

Centuries dahil ito is for counting

purposes Okay so the first man-made

computing device from China and that is

the

abacus followed by the nap bone which

been invented by

nap So ano nga ba

yung na bone na yan unang-una ang sabi

nila rito is manually operated device so

dito nakakapag compute tayo ng

calculation for products quotient square

and including the cubs So it is a

manually operated Okay so ang ginagawa

nito siguro pag iner niyo to ngayon

Syempre mahihirapan tayo using the

multiplication table that time we

embedded in the rods multiplication that

can be reduced to addition operations

yung mga division and including

subtraction advance nito na paggamit ng

mga rods can extract square roots Okay

not on the same as the logarithm

function but not pure name is associated

based on the multiplication table so ito

yung ginagamit nila for Multiplication

and division table during that time

1500s Okay then we have what we call the

outrage slide R So ano ito isang

mechanical analog computer

Ito okay so sinabi natin consisting of

movable pars na nagis in scale that use

approximation for solving problems

1632 n na-develop to English mathema

naman majority developers in terms of

computing so si William outre is a

English mathematician naes niya to for

adjustable logarithmic rule na tinatawag

natin kaya nandyan yung

logarithms at na shown ito in different

types of Photograph so dito may mga

Familiar sa inner sliding tool na

nagagamit ito on na specific type of

theories sabi nila it is made easier

pag log relations ang pinag-uusapan

develop on the number line ng mga

displacement ng mga numbers yung may mga

proportional number of lugs so yan si

outre slide

rule then we have The Blaze Pascal

pascaline calculator so is called the

adding machine

nagpa-plano lang nito is to add and

subtract two numbers two specific

numbers mo ang laki niyan ang ginagawa

lang is to calculate a certain device

which is adding two numbers and

subtracting the two

numbers then step reckoner So this is

invented by got PR willam ln in

167 So anong ginagawa nitong computer na

ito this type of invention can do add

subtract multiply and divide

automatically so sa mga museum makikita

niyo yang mga

yan then the father the modern computer

we have Charles bage he invented the

bage difference and analytical and So

ano ginagawa nito analytical engine or

embodied most of the design ng computer

so nandito yyung may nagcompute ng mga

tables and analytical engine na capable

for any mathematical problems Kaya nga

ang tawag dito is sa General purpose

computer that time eh so dinesign din to

ni Charles bage which is an english

mathematician and Computer pioneer along

with lady augusta is the first

programmer no sila yyung medyo tandem

diyan most of them in the field of

computing are scientist or mathematician

So saan ba ginagamit Ong analytical

machine during that time it was been a

general purpose computer pag sinabing

general purpose computer yag kahit saan

in terms of automatic and mechanical so

Papunta na siya from the digital way but

basically during the time is hindi pa

makapag-perform ng any calculation into

digital form so meaning the Charles bage

machine or it analytical engine na ito

developed during

183 pa tayo buhayan tagal-tagal yan Ato

naman yung pinaka

Successful na calculating machine na

nacci lifee ito ung tinatawag nating

arithmometer So yung arithmometer by

Thomas de colmar in around 1820s yung

pinaka mas maliit reliable useful and

commercially successful calculating

machine so the Machine can perform for

basic mathematic functions so the first

mass produce of calculating machine so

ito yung tinatawag na arithmometer

then followed by the evolution would be

the electronic device dito na nag si

tinatawag nating ABC computer so si ABC

computer tinatawag nating Atan of very

computer So this is the first special

purpose digital computer na nags ng

simultaneous equation nael ni Atan so

particularly This is an electronic

device

na meron ng mga circuit boards or

integrated circuits may mga transistors

and mga silicon Chips at gumagamit ng

electrical switches

circuit Okay unlike yung mga dati is

manually operated pero ngayon this one

is electronically operated so ABC

computer or the atof ber computer then

we have the

en So how do we define this enac

computer si computer or tinatawag

electronic numerical integrator and

calculator ito yung tinatawag nating

first programmable na electronic general

purpose computer so particularly it was

been develop around

1945 so ito ay dinevelop nitong mga to

ni johnley

and so Para saan ba ito unang-una ang

gamit ng en computer is dinesign para sa

specific goal compute ng mga values of

artillery range tables mga plug boards y

mga yan and instructional of different

types of speed in machine So kung

titingnan niyo laki niyan napakabigat

din

niyan electronic delay storage automatic

calculator is also known as what we call

the ebd or the electronic binary digital

computer meaning this type of machine or

the edsac has been already read by

binary numbers which is one zer So this

type of computer system is under by the

Bond human machine Principles by using

the binary numbers that is 10 10 so doun

lang nababasa nung computer yung

tinatawag na binary digit numbers para

makapag-interpreta

walala ito no na hindi natin

maiintindihan Ong mga computer na to

kung panahon ngayon because it is needed

are well-trained person or people were

Operating the computer system during

that

time so Ayan siya Paano niyo mao operate

si so meaning we need a expert on those

specific type of machines this computer

during

the I think around 1800 to 1900 even in

1900s bihira ang may computer kasi nga

mahal at mahirap gamitin now Let's move

on to the first generation of computers

during the first generation of computers

from 1951 to 1958 there are size of

computers during the first generation

frame na tinatawag yung mga malalaking

to merong vacuum tubes at merong

magnetic drums na nakakapag process ng

1,000 instructions per seconds birin mo

1,000 instruction per seconds during the

time from 1951 to 1958 and those are the

unib we have the universal automatic

computer so This was first

commercialized business by John erer and

John matley so This is what we call the

same type of the ibn 701 and the first

generation of BM computers first

generation is IBM 650 and the second to

that is most updated is the IBM 71 IBM

stands for international business

machine si IBM ngayon o kilala bilang

Lenovo Okay so kung titingnan niyo kung

sino may pinakam magandang brand talaga

ng computer we're talking about Lenovo

because the IBM machine came from them

it is the first automatic computer

during its Generation

for the second Generation computers

Medyo naging mabilis ang facing there

are a lot of transistors and magnetic

for so the processing speed mas bumilis

is milyon for instructions there is 4

seconds and the size is a main frame

malakihan pa rin ang mga computers that

time so we have the super computer

during that time soic is one example of

a second Generation

computer most of the first

transistorized maraming transistors

computer more example of this are the

second gen computer are the univac and

the IBM 7070 7090 and the

1400 series they are called in simply

the supercomputer because of the process

in terms of speed for the third

Generation mini computers already become

available so ito na yung mga major

hardware features na merong mga

tinatawag na integrated circuits or IC

yung mga Chips na nakakapag process

maliit na yan ha maliit na wala ng mga

transistors p mga vacuum tube so dito

ang speed niya maliit Pero

10 million instructions per second

napakabilis for this circuit boards

nauso na yung tinatawag nating 360 ng

IBM system which is the first general

purpose machine used in science and

including business

solutions so during this time

nagkakaroon na ng tinatawag nating

process ng improvement on the computer

system during the third Generation at

papasok ngayon si fourth Generation

computers from the

1971 up to present So Here meron tayong

tinatawag na nandiyan pa rin ang mga

mainframe mini computers and including

micr computers pero meron tayong

tinatawag na kakaiba rito the micro

processor or The Large scale integrated

circuit mas maliit na mga processor pero

ang mga processing speed ay aabot ng

billion of instructions per second yung

iba nga billions per millisecond sa

bilis as TH small computers become more

powerful so dito na pumalo yung mga pum

na intel AMD o yung Alam niyong mga mga

I series like i3 i5 pum or including mga

a series ng ng AMD or yung ryzen so

together to form a network which

eventually led to the development of the

interconnected network or the

internet So Here the fourth Generation

as you can see there are graphical user

interface meron ng Mouse at meron ng mga

handheld devices so dati yung during the

third Generation are black and white

screen Okay black and white screen lang

ang makikita niyo It's more on command

line interface or more on coding ngayon

It's more on the graphical use interface

may nakikita na kayo doon sa mismong

output resolution ng monitor screen Okay

into a graphical way na madaling

maintindihan ng tao kasi dati bihira ang

makagamit ng computer and there is the

handheld devices Now let's proceed with

the fifth generation of computers for

the present and up to the future So Here

there is one thing that is very critical

which is the artificial intelligence for

the ai so it's still in development ai

was been developed during 1960 pero

hindi naging talamak or naging masyadong

sikat pero ngayon mas nagiging sikat

because the ai help us to do in terms of

reality develops a respond of a natural

language input which is capable for

Learning and assult organization but

basically artificial intelligence we

cannot say It's 100% dependent for the

human Okay kasi nandyan na yung mga

voice recognition na ginagamit Kaya nga

may mga disadv and advantages pa rin ng

technology even for this time so for the

Generation It's more on microprocessors

and superconductors na napakabilis and

including the artificial intelligence

which do the processing to make more

faster that is the birth of the big data

during that time so let's talk about the

classification of computers when we're

talking about the classification of

computers how we classify the computers

yung mga dati at sa ngayon start first

based on a type when we're talking about

this we have analog digital hybrid and

the base for force merong general

purpose merong special purpose sa size

naman may microcomputer may mini

computer main frame and including super

computer so let's identify each Let's

start First with the according to the

purpose pag sinabing according to the

purpose meron tayong tinatawag na

general purpose ginagamit ko panglahatan

so instructions ito may perform variety

of operation pwedeng itong pangpersonal

pwedeng pang entertainment pwedeng pang

games pang storage pang network or kung

ano yung ginagawa typically sa isang

desktop computer system and even on

laptop computer so that is a general

purpose computer pag sinabi naman nating

digital computer So it refers to a

machine that specialize in counting

digitalize meaning that is a dynamic

counting values nagbabago-bago and that

are discrete or separate incl of this

thing meaning the process itself is

continuous that is a digital

computer analog computer naman from the

word analogous meaning it It's a similar

analog computers are used for Scientific

engineering and process control purposes

som how ginagamit Ong specialized

computer kasi nga kung titignan niyo

Talagang wala kayong makikitang digital

form diyan for example yung analog

speedometer sa mga automobile is compos

of analog signals so hindi rin maganda

analog signals dati okay dahil mabagal

pero ngayon analog signals are the most

safest Because digitalized is Marami ng

nagkakaroon ng tinatawag nating threats

So kaya yung iba naga analog way of

process It's like a Automatic versus

manual manual override versus the

automatic

override then we have the hybrid

computers hybrid hybrid computers

combination of this analog and digital

computers so widely accepted ito na yung

ginagamit natin during the vice ver of

computer system so The Special purpose

machine called a hybrid computers So it

combines different types of measuring

Capabilities may logical capability

pagdating sa digital sa analog naman may

capability to do a Static a Static

performance so when we combine analog

computer and a digital computer we're

talking about the hybrid computer so ito

na ngayon yan then we have the super

computers based on the capacity pag

sinabing capacity It's about the size on

how it handles the data so These are

arguably the most powerful in terms of

speed and accuracy mabilis at higit sa

lahat kayang mag-hold ng a volt mass of

data so there are computers used in

solving complex mathematical computation

and executing trillions of instruction

for seconds meaning that This is what we

call the flops or the floating point

operation for seconds supercomputers are

widely R Uh widely used in terms of

Business Solution companies yung mga

malalaking company like Facebook Google

yung may mga servers na all over the

world they are connected through a

certain server so they are need of super

computers to handle their instructions

per seconds ang dami niyya kunyari may

pumindot lahat sa computer and that is

going on a specific type of website

lahat siyang

ipa-print frame computer When We are

talking about the main frame computer

This is a large size computer type same

with super computer but basically the

main frame computer can be seen for

business solutions and including Iyung

tinatawag nating supports in a certain

organization for example in our dearest

University there are things that we need

to understand about the mainframe

computer na ginagamit natin yan for

server purpose So lahat ng row data

ninyo mga files mga documents ninyo na

naka-igit So diyan sine-save sa server

na specific na

nag-mana itong ginagamit

nila So this is an example of a

mainframe computer malaki siya It's a

bulk computer sir Ano ba purpose niyan

purpose lang yan is for you to do

transactions ah there is what we call

input and output transaction to stored

pag maglalaro kayo hindi yan ano

masyadong

ah tinatawag nating ano nasa idea niyo

na gamitin Ian No it's not for work or

it's not I no sorry it's not for

entertainment purposes because it is

designed for

a trillions of functions also and

instructions so malakihan to then

ito napasok yung mga mini computers

during late 1960s so these are general

purpose

devices without monumental expenses

associated with a Larger system so ito

yyung Mga merong mga processing power

like ng mainframe computer but above of

the personal computers itself so

midrange computer ang tawag dito naging

popular during the 60s so dito na yung

birth ng tinatawag nating mga mini

computers gumagamit dati yung mga

restaurant nito no lalo na yung may mga

ordering

system

yan then we have the microcomputers

during the microcomputers these are

smallest Syempre less expensive and the

most used type of computers preferably

Marami na to pwede nating sabihin yung

mga personal computer niyo peripherals

type yung mga personal computer laptops

computer mobile computer the work

station and including some embedded

computer yung mga handheld devices ryo

Okay so that's

it generation of computers can be vital

for us but

basically because of the power of the

artificial intelligence we need to be

more attentive on What are the latest

development and innovations that's why

it's very

critical now the one thing that we need

to understand is about from the manual

It become automated

y is n computerized yung iba nagiging

from digitalized to automation so Ang

layo na ng narating tinatawag nating

development in this type of specific

devices