Philippine Literature During American Period

Summary

The script discusses the impact of American colonization on the Philippines, particularly focusing on the cultural and literary developments during that period. It highlights the transition from Spanish to English as the medium of instruction and communication, the rise of nationalism in Filipino literature, and the significant contributions of Filipino writers in various languages including Spanish, Tagalog, and English. The script also covers the evolution of different literary forms like poetry, short stories, and drama, emphasizing their role in expressing the Filipino struggle for independence and cultural identity.

Takeaways

• 🇵🇭 The discussion centers on the Philippines' transition from Spanish to American colonization, highlighting the period after the Spanish rule and the rise of the Philippine revolution.
• 🏛️ The Philippine revolution aimed to break free from over 200 years of Spanish colonization, culminating in the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898, by the first president, Emilio Aguinaldo.
• ⚔️ The independence was short-lived as the Philippine-American War led to the defeat of the Filipino forces in 1903, with peace movements starting as early as 1900.
• ✍️ Filipino writers expressed their nationalism and longing for independence through various forms of literature, including news reporting, poetry, short stories, plays, essays, and novels.
• 📚 By 1910, a new wave of literature in English emerged, alongside works in Spanish, Tagalog, and other vernaculars, reflecting the diverse linguistic landscape of the Philippines.
• 🏫 The American period brought significant changes to the educational system, with public education becoming institutionalized in 1901 and English adopted as the medium of instruction.
• 📜 Literature in Spanish during this time was characterized by themes of nationalism, honoring national heroes like José Rizal, and reflecting on the country's history.
• 🌺 Filipino literature also flourished in Tagalog, with writers lamenting the country's condition and fostering a sense of love for the motherland.
• 🇺🇸 Philippine literature in English evolved through three stages: the period of orientation (1898-1910), the period of imitation (1910-1925), and the period of self-discovery and growth (1925 onwards).
• 🎭 Drama and other literary forms developed during the American period, though not reaching the same heights as novels and short stories, contributing to the rich tapestry of Philippine literature.

Q & A

What significant event in Philippine history is mentioned as leading to the country's struggle for independence?

The Philippine Revolution, which aimed to overthrow Spanish rule, is mentioned as a significant event that led to the struggle for independence.

Who was the first president of the Philippines, and what event is associated with his leadership?

The first president of the Philippines was General Emilio Aguinaldo, who led the country during the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898.

What was the outcome of the Philippine-American War mentioned in the script?

The Philippine-American War resulted in the defeat of the Filipino forces led by General Aguinaldo, which led to the establishment of American colonial rule in the Philippines.

How did Filipino writers express their nationalism during the American period?

Filipino writers expressed their nationalism through various forms of literature, including news reporting, poetry, short stories, plays, essays, and novels, often depicting their love for the country and longing for independence.

What languages were used by Filipino writers during the American period?

During the American period, Filipino writers used Spanish, Tagalog, the vernacular languages, and English in their writings.

What was the significance of public education in the Philippines during the American colonial period?

Public education was institutionalized by the American colonial government in the Philippines, with English as the medium of instruction. This allowed the spread of American cultural values and the widespread use of the English language among Filipinos.

Who were some notable Filipino writers during the American period, and what were their contributions?

Notable writers included Cecilio Apostol, who wrote poems in Spanish praising national heroes, Lope K. Santos, known as the 'Father of the National Language Grammar,' and Jose Garcia Villa, who was known for his works in English.

What were the three timeframes of Philippine literature in English during the American period?

The three timeframes were the Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910), the Period of Imitation (1910-1925), and the Period of Self-discovery and Growth (1925-1941).

How did the American period influence the development of Philippine literature in English?

The American period influenced Philippine literature in English by introducing English as a medium of instruction and fostering the development of a body of work that imitated American and British literary models, eventually leading to a unique Filipino voice in English literature.

What was the role of publications like the Philippine Free Press during this period?

Publications like the Philippine Free Press played a significant role by providing incentives and platforms for Filipino writers in English to publish their work, helping to cultivate a literary culture in the country.

Outlines

00:00

🇵🇭 The Birth of Philippine Nationalism and Literature

This paragraph discusses the emergence of Philippine nationalism following Spanish colonization and the Philippine Revolution. The Filipino spirit of independence is highlighted, particularly the raising of the Philippine flag on June 12, 1898. The brief Philippine-American War and the rise of nationalist literature in various languages—Spanish, Tagalog, and English—are also covered. Key literary works expressed patriotism and the desire for freedom, showcasing the resilience of the Filipino identity during this period.

05:07

🎓 Public Education and Spanish Literature Under American Rule

This paragraph focuses on the establishment of public education in the Philippines under American colonial rule, which aimed to instill American cultural values through English as the medium of instruction. The shift from Filipino and Spanish languages to English is discussed, along with the continued production of Spanish literature that celebrated national heroes and Filipino identity. Notable writers and their works, which captured themes of nationalism and cultural pride, are highlighted as significant contributions to Philippine literature during this time.

10:09

📚 Evolution of Filipino Poetry and Literature in English

This paragraph traces the development of Philippine literature in English, beginning with the American occupation in 1898. The text outlines three periods: the orientation period (1898-1910), the period of imitation (1910-1925), and the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941). Filipino writers initially mimicked American and British styles but eventually found their unique voices. The emergence of various literary forms, including poetry, short stories, and novels, is discussed, along with the role of publications like the Philippine Free Press in fostering literary talent. The paragraph concludes with an overview of drama during this era, noting its lesser impact compared to other literary forms.

Keywords

💡Philippine Revolution

The Philippine Revolution refers to the movement in the late 19th century against Spanish colonization. It is significant in the video as it highlights the struggle of Filipinos for independence from Spain, which culminated in the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898. This revolution set the stage for later conflicts, including the Philippine-American War.

💡Philippine-American War

The Philippine-American War was a conflict that followed the Spanish-American War, where the Philippines, after declaring independence from Spain, fought against the United States to resist American colonization. The video discusses the defeat of Filipino forces and the subsequent peace movement, which influenced Filipino literature and nationalism.

💡Nationalism

Nationalism in the video is depicted as the driving force behind the Filipino struggle for independence and identity. Filipino writers expressed their love for the country and desire for liberation through various literary forms. This theme is central to the Filipino literature produced during the period, especially in response to both Spanish and American colonization.

💡Literature in Spanish

During the Spanish colonial period, Filipino writers produced works in Spanish that often centered on themes of nationalism and heroism, particularly celebrating figures like José Rizal. The video mentions prominent authors such as Fernando María Guerrero and Adelina Gurrea, who contributed to this body of literature.

💡Literature in English

Literature in English emerged during the American colonial period, as English became the medium of instruction in public schools. Filipino writers began imitating American and British literary forms before evolving their own distinct styles. The video emphasizes how this transition reflected a shift in cultural values imposed by the American colonial government.

💡Public Education

Public education became a significant tool for American colonization in the Philippines, with English as the medium of instruction. The video highlights how the introduction of public education was crucial for spreading American cultural values and language, deeply influencing Filipino society and literature.

💡José Rizal

José Rizal, a key figure in Filipino nationalism and a national hero, is frequently mentioned in the literature of the period. The video references how his life and works, especially his criticism of Spanish rule, inspired writers to use literature as a form of resistance and a means to promote national identity.

💡Tagalog Literature

Tagalog literature flourished alongside works in Spanish and English during the colonial period, with a focus on arousing love for the nation and lamenting the condition of the country. Writers like Lope K. Santos and Iñigo Regalado are mentioned for their contributions to this rich literary tradition.

💡American Period

The American period in Philippine history refers to the time after the Spanish-American War when the Philippines became a colony of the United States. This era brought significant changes in language, education, and culture, which the video discusses as influencing the development of Philippine literature in English and the introduction of American values.

💡Period of Imitation

The 'Period of Imitation' refers to the early phase of Philippine literature in English, where Filipino writers emulated American and British literary styles. This is an important concept in the video as it marks a stage in the evolution of Filipino literature before it gained its own distinct voice.

Highlights

The Philippine Revolution sought independence from Spain, culminating in the proclamation of independence on June 12, 1898, led by Emilio Aguinaldo.

The Philippine-American War resulted in the defeat of Filipino forces, leading to the establishment of American colonial rule in the Philippines.

Filipino writers during this period depicted their longing for independence and nationalism through various literary forms such as poetry, stories, essays, and plays.

Spanish, Tagalog, and English were prominent languages used in Filipino literature during the American colonial period, reflecting the country's multicultural influences.

Public education became a significant issue under the American colonial government, with English institutionalized as the medium of instruction in schools.

Filipino literature in Spanish focused on nationalism, often commemorating heroes like José Rizal, with writers like Cecilio Apostol and Fernando María Guerrero emerging as prominent figures.

Filipino writers in Tagalog emphasized the condition of the country and stoked national pride, with authors like Lope K. Santos and José Corazón de Jesús being notable names.

The period of imitation in English literature, from 1910 to 1924, saw Filipino writers heavily influenced by American and British literary styles.

The period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941) marked a shift as Filipino writers began mastering English and confidently writing on diverse subjects.

Filipino poetry, originally influenced by Western models, evolved into more original and socially conscious forms during the 1925-1941 period.

The short story flourished during this era, especially with publications like the Philippine Free Press offering prizes to incentivize Filipino writers.

Prominent publications during this period, such as El Renacimiento and La Vanguardia, contributed to the rich literary output in Spanish.

The first woman novelist in the Philippines, Adelina Gurrea, gained recognition for her works written in Spanish, which reflected her deep understanding of Filipino culture.

Drama during the American colonial period did not reach the same level of success as poetry and the short story, which were the dominant literary forms.

Filipino writers during this era produced literary pieces that reflected the cultural transformation happening due to American colonial influence, as well as the ongoing desire for national identity.

Transcripts

our day is now we're going to discuss

today the kind of individual is an

American period so right after the

Spaniards Harlem apartment is emerged -

a Philippine revolution which causes

them which doesn't fulfill Aquino wander

the dead battle and with the help I

think of them area and then that

particular event in the Philippine

history use banner and for them to

colonize alpha so if you're going to go

back to the Oracle background the

Philippine revolution is wanna get to

Spain on a Spaniards who colonized for

more than 200 years our country and on

June 12 1898 great the Philippine flag

as a symbol of our independence by the

first president of our country

generally mean argument what's the next

phase of the first president Republic

but this was short-lived the

philippine-american war resulted in the

defeat of dinner with Alma bar in 1903

the peace movement started as early as

1900 many Filipinos are the writing

again and the nationalism of the people

remain undaunted the Filipino writers

went into all forms of literature like

news reporting poetry stories plays

essays and novels their writings clearly

depicted their love of country and their

longing for the independence things the

Filipino writers or the Filipino people

are alone for the independence or they

wanted to be liberate the greatest and

free the

the following in particular to emerge

such as who is reporting poetry short

stories which also which always talk

about the love of the country or their

nationalism or that is critical

nationally in 1910 a new group started

write in English ten Spanish Tagalog the

vernacular and finally English were the

legions using literature during these

times so we have four three different

languages which is being used in writing

or as the mediums of communication

specifically when writing around the

body the writers in Spanish for one to

write on nationalism like honor a result

in other heroes the writers in Tagalog

Athenian in their lamentation on the

condition of the country and their

attempts to arouse love for one's native

song the writers in English

imitations of themes and methods of

America

and in nineteen point is a UT College

folio of leather date by Philippine

collegian and on that particular time

that stars by fast market Benitez hand

out of a model of perfection in caliper

delineation local collar of Latin

message and on 1933 - snow - you also

emerge which was written by Jose Garcia

University availa the active arousal in

the field of literature's part of the

details in the following newspaper so

there are lots of newspaper during that

time which was also being produced by

some of the Philippine author or writers

including the newspapers published by

ariel osmond in 1900 or in the our past

president various men in 1900 the El

Raval dia or the new day makes it albita

the web dog or the whole of the nation

which was published by a swipe of leche

1900 and in the same here Elena

shim man Seok of or delivers founded by

Rafael PI Roman imagine there were also

please read indicated here where the

following of the first one is - may

Allah told us yesterday today and

tomorrow which is written by organ will

the name penis Nanak along in God of War

Nevada Malaya by Thomas Thomas says

Romania and one of civic flexibility and

during the time of the Americans here in

our country it also defined where public

schools are being offered to those

people who were not able to study on

prestigious life of school education

became a very important issue for the

United States colonial government since

it allowed if the square their cultural

values particularly the English language

with a Filipino Tiscali

by 1901 public education was

institutionalized in the Philippines

with English surveying the medium of

instruction so during that time

everything

been replaced by the tradition came from

America even the language that we are

using Filipino and Spanish if somehow or

are somehow being changed into English

characteristics of literature during

this period so first is the literature

in Spanish leather a Cecilia for

strolling wrote our agile and is

considered as the best poem in praise of

the hero of baboon Valley followed by

Fernando Maria Guerrero he collected the

death of his home in a book called

candida and one of the books written in

this book was in Boca Shawn Ariza and

next is his pal Mori is a well-known for

his pen name but tickling and he and

Manuel gulabi or burn away participated

in a debate on the topic remembrance and

forgetfulness he was elected for with

Doria in Spanish vesting and when I'm

burning right after that judgment was

going away who is a lyric poet he was

more attractive to the public in a

debate with Balamory because of the

melodious words he used he depended on

veto followed by fellow impacto who

collected his home in a book entitled

ahold of prophet arrow

one of his writing dedicated to the

silence is unfazed Martina

so during that time the methodology

pieces which was written in Spanish

former in Spanish language mostly

thought about our national hero which is

dr. Harris and others other writers in

his bandage with number one

Adelina where they she was the first

woman always in the Philippines who was

good in Spanish she obtained the Nobel

Prize in her well-written literary piece

entitled a libel and followed by Sid

Romer Foley who became famous for his

four books entitled aroma taken swing

then followed by Mohammed a article who

wrote The Legend of Mindoro inside those

looking at the south

and lastly every fine newsela signpost

who also emerged during the time of

American period here in the Philippines

and famous by writing some Spanish

metallic next is for the Filipino

literature these are literature Homer

which emerged in this particular period

so leathery is from La Petite Santos who

is considered as the father of the

national language grammar was also

called apple of the tagalog writers

writers who wrote another sita and it

was considered as is one of his best

masters melody for second Asus known as

a single today he was also called the

poet of love in a time artists am Poonam

kaho analogy is believed to be his

masterpiece followed by Armando V

Hernandez and was was dubbed he was a

dub poet of the laborers his masterpiece

is Hong Kong the letter D Valerie

Valerie I know Hernandez panel known as

Sangha hanno and considers naina as many

as his master and lastly in ego ad

Regalado a popular storyteller novelist

and newspaper man who reached the peak

of his success by the simple medicine

boom

as his and me Willie include balmaseda

classified three kinds of the value

poets the number one is poet of the

heart or Mahatma an uncle so this

includes logically Santos in either a

drag a lot oh Carlos got my sign red

rosy of Russia del Rosario the DiFonzo

Santos a mother Hernandez n and amezo

Habana and Marc Anthony followed by

poets of life or mata namun hi led by

lovely Santos Jose Corazon de asis

Tarantino Leontes Patricia Mariano

Carlos get Patricia man Mariano Carla

Clementine and another virulence and

lastly poets of the stage or maha Panama

Highlands led by or Lu Kalindi nose

Patricia Mariano severe in odious and

commas remain and letter C philippine

literature in English in a way we can

say that we can change the beginnings of

the philippine literature in English

with almond out of the American for this

purpose we can divide this period into

three time frames mainly the first part

in the period year the orientation is up

in

this is from 1898 to 1910 English of the

literati vehicle came with American

occupation in August 13 1890 and as they

say a choice bestowed on us by Esther

and by 1900 English came to be used as

the media moment of instruction in the

public school from the American forces

we're recruited the first teachers of

English by 1908 the primary and

intermediate grades were using English

it was also about this time when you be

the forerunner in the use of English and

higher education was founded next period

is what we call the period of limitation

this happened from 1910 to 1920 for by

1919 the Yuba college fall you publish

the literary compositions of the first

Filipino writers in English they were

the pioneers in short story writing

followed by this they were then grouping

their way into imitating American and

British models which resulted in a

stilted artificial and natural by

lacking vitality and all to make

in the last period of all these

timeframes period of self-discovery and

growth by this time philippine writers

had acquired the mastery of english

right

they now confidently and constantly

wrote on a lot of subjects although the

also in flavors of love and youth

persistence they went into all forms of

writing like the novel and drama poetry

are noteworthy names in this field they

were they wrote in fevers in ODEs

and sonnets and in other types poetry

was originally a spontaneous competently

written and they they incorporated

social consciousness for short story

during the 1925 and up to 1941 poetry in

short story flourish during design and

in publications the philippine free

press provided the first incentives the

filipino writers in english by offering

prizes the worthwhile contribution and

other publication followed suit

and lastly for the drama on 1925 to 1940

one Dhamma during this period did not

reach the height attained by the novel

or short or the short one so our

discussion for the philippine literature

under the american period and ear thank

you