The Rise of JNPT: India's Largest Container Port.

Summary

印度最大的集装箱港口是孟买的贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港信托，每年处理780万吨货物，通过60万箱。这个8400英亩的港口也被称为纳瓦什·希瓦港，建于1989年，旨在减轻孟买港的压力。视频回顾了孟买港的历史，从16世纪葡萄牙人的到来，到成为商业中心，再到二战期间的战略重要性。介绍了贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港如何成为印度首个集装箱港口，以及其对国际贸易的贡献，包括与邻国的海运协议和未来的扩展计划。

Takeaways

• 🌟 印度最大的集装箱港口是孟买的贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港信托，每年处理780万吨货物，通过600万箱。
• 🏗️ 该港口也被称为纳瓦什瓦港，成立于1989年，旨在减轻孟买港的压力。
• 📜 孟买在16世纪初由葡萄牙人首次定居，最初并未建立大型港口，直到1661年英国通过婚姻协议获得部分岛屿。
• 🛠️ 1875年，孟买港信托的主席Ballot建立了Ballot Pier，这是孟买成为主要港口的关键发展之一。
• 🚢 第一次世界大战期间，孟买港对战争策略至关重要，用于运送战争物资。
• 💥 1944年4月14日，维多利亚码头发生了一起重大爆炸，造成重大损失和800多人死亡。
• 📈 1950年独立后，孟买港继续扩展，包括建立新的油码头和集装箱设施。
• 🚢 孟买港面临的问题包括航道缓慢、道路拥堵和劳工问题，这促使政府在80年代早期决定建立新的港口。
• 📊 贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港信托目前处理52%的印度集装箱货物，是世界上排名第28位的集装箱港口。
• 🔄 港口正在进行进一步扩展，预计2026年3月将启动第四期码头，届时整个港口的年处理能力将增加到480万TEU。
• 🛳️ 印度港口每年处理2626亿吨货物，其中1601亿吨由主要港口处理，其余由较小港口处理。

Q & A

印度最大的集装箱港口是哪个？

印度最大的集装箱港口是位于孟买的贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港信托（Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust），也被称为纳瓦什瓦（Navash Shiva）港。

纳瓦什瓦港每年处理多少货物？

纳瓦什瓦港每年处理大约7800万吨货物。

纳瓦什瓦港是在什么背景下建立的？

纳瓦什瓦港是在1989年建立的，目的是减轻孟买港信托的负担，并提高货物和集装箱的运输能力。

为什么孟买在早期没有建立大型港口？

在16世纪早期，由于贸易活动不多，葡萄牙人没有认为有必要在孟买建立大型港口。

孟买是如何从一个由七个岛屿组成的地区发展成为一个大城市的？

从1684年开始，人们开始将这些岛屿连接起来，到1838年，这些岛屿最终被连接起来，形成了孟买这个城市。

二战期间，孟买港的重要性体现在哪些方面？

在二战期间，孟买港的重要性体现在它是战争策略的关键部分，用于运输武器、弹药和其他必需品，并且其地理位置在亚太战区也非常重要。

1944年维多利亚码头发生的大爆炸是如何引起的？

1944年4月14日，维多利亚码头发生了一起大爆炸，原因是在卸载过程中发生了事故，导致船上的炸药起火并引发爆炸。

纳瓦什瓦港的建设资金主要来自哪里？

纳瓦什瓦港的建设资金主要来自世界银行、印度政府、坎德拉港和金奈港的贷款。

纳瓦什瓦港目前在全球集装箱港口中的排名是多少？

纳瓦什瓦港在全球集装箱港口中排名第28位。

纳瓦什瓦港如何促进与邻国的海上贸易？

纳瓦什瓦港通过与孟加拉国、缅甸、尼泊尔和不丹签署条约，加强海上航线，减少旅行时间，使偏远地区更容易到达。

为什么说集装箱运输是20世纪的主要运输革命之一？

集装箱运输被认为是20世纪的主要运输革命之一，因为它通过标准化的集装箱节省了大量的时间和成本，货物只需打包一次，就可以通过不同的运输方式进行运输，减少了港口费用和损坏成本。

Outlines

00:00

🌊 孟买贾瓦哈拉尔尼赫鲁港的发展历程

孟买的贾瓦哈拉尔尼赫鲁港是印度最大的集装箱港口，每年处理780万吨货物和60万箱集装箱。该港口也被称为纳瓦什瓦港，建于1989年，目的是减轻孟买港的压力。视频回顾了孟买港的历史，从16世纪葡萄牙人首次来到孟买，到后来英国人接管并逐步将其建设为重要的贸易中心。第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，港口的重要性显著增加，成为战略物资运输的关键点。1944年，维多利亚码头发生了一起严重的爆炸事故，造成重大损失。战后，港口继续扩建，增加了新的设施以适应不断增长的集装箱运输需求。

05:01

🛳️ 贾瓦哈拉尔尼赫鲁港面临的挑战与新港建设

随着货物和集装箱运输的增长，孟买港面临了诸多挑战，包括航道拥堵、道路和铁路交通问题以及劳动力问题。为了解决这些问题，1980年代初，政府决定在纳瓦萨建立一个新的港口，以减轻孟买港的负担。纳瓦萨原本只是一个小渔村，但由于其地理位置优越，被选为新港口的建设地点。新港口的建设始于1986年，耗资约1000亿卢比，其中大部分资金来自世界银行和印度政府的贷款。到1989年，新港口的第一阶段已经建成，包括集装箱码头和现代化的货物处理设施。随后几年，第二阶段的私人码头和液体货物码头也相继开放，进一步增强了港口的运输能力。

10:03

🚢 集装箱运输的革命与现代港口的挑战

集装箱运输是20世纪最重要的运输革命之一，它极大地提高了货物运输的效率，减少了时间和成本。1960年在美国首次使用集装箱，随后在70年代，欧洲和日本也开始接受这种运输方式。如今，集装箱已经成为港口运输不可或缺的一部分，需要特殊的火车、存储空间和铁路线来支持。然而，随着船只尺寸的增加，港口也面临着新的挑战，如需要更大的码头和更深的航道来适应超大型油轮。此外，还存在走私和海盗威胁，印度当局在主要港口多次查获毒品，而国际组织则定期巡逻以保护航运安全。视频还提到了印度海军在阿拉伯海部署的军舰和无人机，以监控和保护该地区免受海盗威胁。

Keywords

💡贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港

贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港是印度最大的集装箱港口，位于孟买，每年处理780万吨货物，通过600万箱。这个港口是视频讨论的中心主题，展示了其规模、历史和对印度经济的重要性。

💡集装箱

集装箱是用于运输货物的大型标准化货柜，是现代海运的核心。视频中提到，尼赫鲁港每年通过集装箱运输大量的货物，体现了集装箱在国际贸易中的关键作用。

💡20英尺等效单位(TEU)

TEU是衡量集装箱货物体积的标准单位，等于一个20英尺长的集装箱的体积。视频中提到，印度港口每年处理的货物量以TEU为单位计算，显示了TEU在衡量港口货物吞吐量中的应用。

💡港口发展

港口发展涉及到港口设施的扩建和现代化，以提高货物处理能力和效率。视频中讲述了尼赫鲁港如何通过建设新的泊位、铁路线和存储设施来发展，以应对日益增长的货物和集装箱化需求。

💡孟买

孟买不仅是印度的一个重要城市，也是视频中讨论的尼赫鲁港的所在地。孟买的地理位置和历史背景对港口的发展起到了关键作用，如视频中提到的岛屿合并和土地填海造地。

💡货物吞吐量

货物吞吐量是指港口在一定时间内处理的货物总量。视频中提到，尼赫鲁港去年处理了58.3万吨货物，比前一年增长了3%，体现了港口的运营效率和经济贡献。

💡集装箱化

集装箱化是指将货物装入集装箱进行运输的过程，它极大地提高了货物运输的效率和安全性。视频中提到，1980年孟买港口更新了设施以处理集装箱交通，标志着集装箱化在该港口的实施。

💡Merchant Navy

Merchant Navy是指从事商业航运的海军，包括船员和官员，他们负责操作船只，将货物从一个地点运输到另一个地点。视频中提到，许多人喜欢在Merchant Navy工作，因为它提供了看到不同国家和遇见新人的机会。

💡国际贸易

国际贸易涉及跨越国界的货物和服务交换。视频中提到，尼赫鲁港通过与200多个港口的连接，参与国际贸易，强调了港口在全球贸易网络中的作用。

💡走私和毒品交易

走私和毒品交易是非法活动，有时会利用国际航运进行。视频中提到，印度当局在主要港口多次查获毒品，说明了港口安全和监管的重要性。

💡海盗行为

海盗行为是国际航运中的一个严重威胁，海盗攻击船只以获取货物或赎金。视频中提到，印度海军部署了战舰、飞机和无人机来监控和保护海域，以防止海盗行为。

Highlights

印度最大的集装箱港口是孟买的贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁港信托，每年通过600万箱货物，年吞吐量达7800万吨。

尼赫鲁港也被称为纳瓦什瓦港，成立于1989年，旨在减轻孟买港的负担。

孟买港的历史可追溯至16世纪初葡萄牙人的到来和贸易需求的增长。

1530年，葡萄牙通过与莫卧儿帝国皇帝胡马雍签订条约获得该地区的控制权。

1661年，葡萄牙的凯瑟琳·布拉甘萨女王与英格兰的查理二世结婚，部分岛屿转交给英国。

1684年开始，孟买的七个岛屿通过填海造陆逐渐连接起来。

1875年，孟买港信托的主席鲍洛特开始建造以他命名的码头。

1888年，维多利亚码头开放，成为孟买的首个现代化码头设施。

两次世界大战期间，孟买港的航运业务显著增长，成为战争策略的关键。

1944年4月14日，维多利亚码头发生巨大爆炸，造成重大损失和800多人死亡。

1950年独立后，孟买港增加了新的设施以适应不断增长的货物和集装箱化需求。

1980年，孟买港更新设施以处理集装箱交通，包括集装箱处理设备和货运站。

1989年，尼赫鲁港第一阶段建设完成，具备集装箱码头和现代化货物处理设施。

尼赫鲁港是印度第一个集装箱港口，位于纳瓦萨，靠近孟买和新孟买。

尼赫鲁港的建设和运营成本约为1000亿卢比，其中大部分资金来自贷款。

尼赫鲁港目前处理印度52%的集装箱货物，是全球前100大集装箱港口之一。

尼赫鲁港与孟加拉国、缅甸、尼泊尔和不丹签署条约，以促进海上航线，减少旅行时间。

尼赫鲁港正在进行进一步扩建，预计2026年3月将启动第四阶段码头，增加港口年吞吐量。

尼赫鲁港正在准备在马哈拉施特拉邦北部的瓦丹建设新港口，并发展四个卫星港口。

海员的工作包括将船只从一个地点运输到另一个地点，涉及石油或人员运输。

集装箱运输被认为是20世纪的主要运输革命之一，节省了大量时间和成本。

1960年，集装箱在美国首次使用，随后在70年代早期，欧洲和日本也开始接受集装箱。

现代集装箱船的大小大大增加，例如世界上最大的集装箱船MSC，长400米，宽61米。

印度当局在主要港口多次查获毒品，走私者使用假文件和假隔间来隐藏非法物品。

海盗威胁在国际贸易中非常大，尤其是在印度船只经常航行的海域。

Transcripts

[Music]

India's largest container Port is

mumbai's jawaharlal nehu Port trust

where 60 lakh containers pass through it

moves 78 million tons of cargo every

year this 8,400 acre Port is also known

as navash Shiva Port it was established

in 1989 it was built to reduce the

burden on Mumbai Port

trust to know how jmpt became so big

today we will have to go back a few

years this was even before the

establishment of Mumbai when this city

was not rather it was divided into seven

islands the Portuguese came here for the

first time in the early 1500s and

gradually started settling during this

time they started needing to increase

trade to fulfill the basic needs of

their soldiers they established areas

like mahim parel and ble the Portuguese

got proper control of this region by

signing a treaty with the mugal emperor

humayun in

1530 due to the lack of much trade

activities in the early 1600s they did

not consider it necessary to build any

major port mostly the port of

Surat in 1661 Queen Katherine of branza

of Portugal was married to Charles II of

England in the deal of this marriage

some of the islands which were under

Portuguese control had to be given to

the British

Empire understanding the trade value and

due to geographical location work

started to make Mumbai a major city in

which a lot of land was also reclaimed

from the sea from 1684 the work of

connecting these seven islands started

by 1691 mgan and Bombay Mainland land

was reclaimed between 1711 and parl was

connected to mahim and the next year

mahim was connected to Worley now

connecting worle to the rest of the

parts became a big challenge due to a

large sea coming in between Kaba was

also left after 120 years till

1838 parts were connected and this is

how Bombay became a

city 1875 a ballot was awarded to the

person who also became the chairman of

Bombay Port trust later he worked to

build a pier which was named after him

ballot Pier was earlier a small Pier

with an approach Jetty due to which

Bombay started emerging as a major port

it became a hub of business activities

not only for Bombay but for the entire

country 15 years later in 1888 Victoria

dock was opened which became Bombay's

first modern dock Facility by the early

1900s Bombay's shipping operations

increased

[Music]

significantly its use increased

significantly during both world wars

during World War I ships also began to

be repaired and refueled so that they

could this port was very important for

the war strategy so that war supplies

could be sent to the world and its

location also proved to be important

even during the World War for the Asia

Pacific Theater ships here were used to

transport weapons ammunition and other

essential supplies security measures and

defenses were strengthened to protect

the port from enemy attack

a huge explosion took place in the

warship SS fort stien in Victoria dock

on the 14th of April

1944 explosives were being shipped in it

which met with an accident while

unloading a huge fire broke out and a

massive explosion was seen causing a lot

of damage to the ships ports and people

stuck in the ports it was completely

destroyed and 13 more ships were

destroyed along with it more than 800

people were killed according according

to many

estimates this figure is more than 1,300

and 2500 people were

[Music]

injured refurbishment of the port and

peer work continued for years until

after Independence in 1950 the marine

oil terminal at butcher Island was made

operational with three Jetties that

could handle large crude oil and all

product tankers as well as an extension

to ballot

pier in 1970 containerization for

Pacific cific luxury cruises increased

with the addition of a new passenger

birth the first container vessel arrived

at Mumbai Port American president L's

second such Port facility was updated to

handle container traffic in 1980 which

included containers handling equipment

was placed container Freight stations

were built and railway lines were

connected that could transport

containers from ports to inner

cities by 1984 another oil birth was

constructed which could rece received

tankers of

125,000 displacement per

tank during this period Mumbai Port had

to face many problems such as slowness

in the channel Road congestion rail

traffic congestion and labor issues

which created a need for a new

Port jnpt entered here to reduce the

burden a bit in view of the increasing

cargo and containerization the

authorities decided in the early 1980s

to increase its capacity that is

improving sea and land transport

facilities like new births railway lines

truck lanes and storage

facilities Bombay Port trust despite

being the leading port at that time was

not ready for this so the government

chose navaa to build a new Port it

became India's first container

port at that time navasa was just a

fishing Village and due to its proximity

to both Mumbai and Navi Mumbai it became

a suitable

place it was to be built in an area of

6,385 Acres there was no major challenge

in land acquisition so this work was

done easily piling work of this port

started in 1986 after which construction

began it took approximately 1,000 CR

Rupees to build it out of which 957 CR

rupees were received as loans from

different agencies 343 CR rupes from the

world Bank 328 CR rupees from the

government of India and 50 CR rupees

from kandla Port and Chennai

Port by 1989 Phase 1 of the port was

ready with a Container Terminal and

modern cargo handling facility it had a

capacity of 15 lock

[Music]

teus in the next few years its second

phase private terminal and liquid cargo

terminal also opened from the liquid

terminal India's biggest Commodities

refined petroleum and crude oil keep

coming and going due to which bhat

petroleum and Indian oil

operate the size of the ships is

continuously increasing so to

accommodate them there is a need to do

regular updates in the port like

terminals also increasing the size and

depth of the canal and improving storage

and

Logistics boskalis international company

deepened and broadened the canal in 2012

and also became the fourth Container

Terminal in

2018 this year 78 million tons of cargo

have been transported from here last

year a total of 58.3 lakh tons of cargo

was handled up by 3% from the previous

year containers used to transport cargo

are called 20ft equivalent units or

teus a unit has been created which is

used to calculate the cargo the volume

of a standard 20ft long shipping

container is called a

teu Indian ports handle

2,626 CR metric tons of cargo every year

out of which 1,601 CR metric tons are

handled by Major ports and the remaining

1,1 CR metric tons are handled by other

minor

ports the total value of foreign trade

in 2021 to 2022 was 3.5 lakh CR rupees

for exports and an equal amount for

imports including all ports about 95% of

the volume comes from Seaborn trade and

the total 70% value is handled by India

under the neighborhood first policy jmpt

has signed treaties with Bangladesh

Myanmar Nepal and Bhutan to boost sea

routes reduce travel time and make it

easier to reach even the remote States

jmpt single-handedly handles 52% of the

country's container ized cargo volume it

is ranked 28th among the world's top 100

container ports and is connected to more

than 200 ports across the

world it is being further expanded for

the future phase two of terminal 4 is

expected to start by March 2026 which

will be combined

annually the capacity of the entire Port

will increase to 48 lakh Tu jnpt is also

preparing to build another port in vadan

in Northern Maharashtra and is also

developing four satellite ports at

vardha sangi and nashik to further

increase trade in the

country to operate the ships that come

to the ports a crew of some people work

day and night whose top officers are

called Merchant Navy their job is to

take the ships from one place to another

in which the cargo can be petroleum or

people like in cruise ships they are

called sellers or Merchant Navy

officers many people like to work in the

Merchant Navy because they get a chance

to see different countries and meet new

people it is quite different from a

normal job and it is also fun they are

given special training from running the

ships to surviving in the ocean because

they have to stay in the sea for several

months apart from this how to transport

the cargo safely how to do loading and

unloading all that too it is taught that

in this the shipping containers are very

heavy and since they have come from

international travel there is a special

need for them processes have to be

followed which mostly falls on the Port

Authority first of all the shipping

documents are prepared in which dates

cargo list name of the Importer exporter

and other details are mentioned then the

containers are visually inspected by the

port officers to verify that after this

equipment such as cranes forklift s or

any other lifting machines are used

while unloading the crane first removes

the containers from the ship and places

them on the truck either specialized

Logistics systems are also used to

organize thousands of containers for

onward transport or to a storage

facility almost every port has a

temporary storage area where containers

are stored for a few hours or days after

which its further Journey can start till

its final destination or after opening

it the goods can be transported

separately for this safety procedures

are first completed and then the

container is opened and unloaded from

the public lift during this time the

custom office also does random checks so

that no illegal stuff

comes although nowadays we cannot

imagine shipping without containers it

was not always like this containers were

used for the first time in 1960 in the

USA earlier each cargo pallet or box was

loaded and unloaded one by one which

wasted a lot of time on the ships seeing

the advantage of containers at ports in

the early 1970s Europe and Japan also

started accepting it and gradually this

method became quite popular now

containers have become much bigger than

before and it has become necessary to

have special train storage space and

railway lines in the ports to lift them

many experts consider container shipping

as a major transport revolution of the

20th century they also believe that the

use of standardized containers saves

huge losses and time Goods can be packed

only once and can be transported through

different modes of Transport like trucks

Rail and ship there is no need for

repeated unpacking and repacking this

also reduces Port charges and demage

costs traditional cargo ships that

unload their cargo the old way have to

spend more than half or in many cases

70% of the time in ports loading and

unloading nowadays the size of ships has

also increased a lot today MSC is the

largest container ship in the world it

is 400 m long and 61 M wide it is bigger

than many skyscrapers and can easily

carry 24,000 Tu at one time similar

super tankers have also been made which

transport oil in huge amounts these

reduce the overall ton shipping cost

which is why they are being made cruise

liners have also become quite popular

these days where people people can

celebrate luxury holidays by traveling

between different

locations there have also been

allegations of smuggling and Drug trade

in cargo ships Indian authorities have

recovered drugs in multiple cases this

was the country's biggest drug bust last

year from these major ports in one such

Port it was seen that to hide these

illegal substances false compartments

are made in the containers and these

Smugglers try to clear the shipping by

using fake documents

apart from smuggling the threat of sea

piracy is also very big in international

trade especially for Indian cruise ships

which form the sea crew on about 11

ships around the world currently more

than a luck Indian workers are working

on different ships around the world some

of them are unskilled workers and some

are highly skilled Merchant Navy

officers earlier piracy used to be seen

more in the Seas near Somalia now it has

reduced there but has increased near

Yemen

International organizations regularly

Patrol this region to protect it from

piracy in the Arabian Sea to monitor

this area spread over a million square

kilometers the Indian Navy has also

deployed more than 12 warships long

range survey planes and

drones you can buy them from the link

given on the screen through which you

will also be able to directly support

the channel a printed chart of Indian

history is also on sale check it out out

click here to know about the bullet

train on the website thank you