TEXTUAL AIDS || GRADE 10 || MELC-based VIDEO LESSON | QUARTER 1 | Module 2

Summary

This educational video script delves into the significance of textual aids in enhancing English language comprehension. It introduces advanced organizers, titles, and nonlinear illustrations as tools to guide learners through texts. The script explains various types of advanced organizers, such as expository, narrative, graphic, and problem-solving organizers, emphasizing their role in structuring information visually and preparing students for lessons. It also covers different kinds of nonlinear illustrations, including tables, graphs, and maps, illustrating their utility in simplifying complex data and concepts. The goal is to improve students' understanding and retention of textual content.

Takeaways

• 📚 Textual aids are non-textual elements that assist readers in understanding the content of a text, including titles, subtitles, and various types of illustrations.
• 🔍 Advanced organizers are used by teachers to introduce lessons and guide learners on how to think about the text, including expository, narrative, and graphic organizers.
• 📈 Graphic organizers structure information visually and can take many forms, such as persuasion maps, sequence charts, story maps, and biography graphic organizers.
• 🌐 Titles are important textual aids that improve comprehension and memorability of text by providing a clear overview of the passage's content.
• 📊 Nonlinear illustrations, such as tables, graphs, and charts, are used to represent data and information in a visual format that enhances understanding.
• 📈 Bar graphs represent data with vertical or horizontal bars, where the height of the bar indicates the value it represents.
• 📉 Line graphs are used to show changes in numerical data over time and are ideal for illustrating trends.
• 🍰 Pie charts display how a whole is divided into parts, with each slice representing a percentage of the total.
• 🏷 Pictographs use images or symbols to represent data, making them a simple way to show the frequency of data items.
• 🗺 Maps are textual aids that visually represent selected characteristics of a place, with physical maps showing natural features and political maps showing administrative regions.
• 📝 Analogies, as advanced organizers, help students relate new topics to something familiar, enhancing understanding and retention of information.

Q & A

What are textual aids and why are they important for understanding a text?

Textual aids are non-textual elements that assist readers in understanding the content of a text. They include titles, subtitles, bold, italicized, and underlined texts, as well as illustrations, maps, tables, graphs, and charts. They are important because they direct the reader's attention to key ideas and provide supplementary information.

What is an advanced organizer and how does it help in learning?

An advanced organizer is a teaching strategy used to introduce a lesson and guide learners on how to think about the material. It provides a broad idea of the lesson's purpose before it begins and helps students to relate new information to what they already know, thus improving comprehension and retention.

Can you give an example of an expository advanced organizer?

An example of an expository advanced organizer is when a teacher tells students the lesson's goals at the beginning of the class, such as explaining what habitats are and why animals prefer different living spaces, setting the stage for learning about the layers of a tropical rainforest.

What is a narrative advanced organizer and how does it differ from an expository one?

A narrative advanced organizer involves storytelling at the beginning of a class to relate to important concepts. Unlike expository organizers that provide a broad idea of the lesson's purpose, narrative organizers engage students through an interesting story that connects to the lesson, such as a tale about a tree frog climbing in a rainforest.

What is a KWL chart and how does it function as an advanced organizer?

A KWL chart is a three-column table used to organize what students know, what they want to know, and what they have learned about a topic. It serves as an advanced organizer by prompting students to think about their prior knowledge, their curiosity, and their new learning, thus enhancing their engagement and understanding.

How do titles contribute to the comprehension and memorability of a text?

Titles provide a clear overview of the text's content, improving comprehension by signaling the main idea or focus. Research indicates that passages with titles are better recalled than those without, as titles facilitate later stages of processing and help in organizing information.

What is a graphic organizer and how does it assist in learning?

A graphic organizer is a visual tool that structures information in pictures or diagrams, often used to outline and prepare arguments, visualize processes or events, or identify elements in a story. It helps students to scheme and organize information, improving their understanding and retention of the material.

Can you explain the function of a sequence chart in learning?

A sequence chart is a graphic organizer that helps visualize the order of steps in a process or a timeline of events. It is useful for note-taking, lesson planning, and essay writing, as it allows students to understand and remember the sequence of information more effectively.

What is the purpose of a mind map and how does it aid in brainstorming?

A mind map is a tool that captures the free flow of thought and is used for brainstorming around topics. It helps in organizing and grouping information, allowing for a more structured approach to generating and exploring ideas.

How do pictographs represent data and what are their advantages?

Pictographs, also known as pictograms, represent data using images, icons, or symbols to indicate the frequency of occurrences. They are advantageous because they provide a simple and visually engaging way to understand data, making it easier for viewers to quickly grasp the information presented.

What is the role of a map as a textual aid in learning about geographical or historical contexts?

A map, as a textual aid, visually represents selected characteristics of a place, such as physical features in a physical map or political divisions in a political map. It helps learners to better understand and remember geographical or historical contexts by providing a visual framework for the information.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Textual AIDS

This paragraph introduces the concept of textual AIDS, which are non-textual elements that assist in understanding text. It emphasizes their role in directing attention to key ideas and supplementing the written content with elements like titles, subtitles, and various visual aids such as illustrations, maps, tables, and graphs. The summary also touches on the importance of advanced organizers, titles, and nonlinear illustrations in enhancing learning and comprehension.

05:01

📈 Types of Graphic Organizers

The second paragraph delves into various types of graphic organizers used as advanced textual AIDS. It describes tools like persuasion maps, sequence charts, story maps, biography organizers, learning maps, vocabulary organizers, problem-solving organizers, timeline organizers, T charts, hierarchy charts, star diagrams, cluster diagrams, Lotus diagrams, cost and effect organizers, and mind maps. Each organizer serves a specific purpose, from outlining persuasive arguments to visualizing processes and events, aiding in comprehension and note-taking.

10:02

🔍 Advanced Organizers and Analogies

This section discusses advanced organizers like the KWL chart, which helps students reflect on what they know, want to learn, and have learned about a topic. It also covers the use of analogies as advanced organizers to relate new topics to familiar concepts, thereby enhancing understanding. The importance of titles in improving text comprehension and memorability is highlighted, along with the role of bold, colored, or italicized text in drawing attention to key information.

15:03

📊 Nonlinear Illustrations and Their Types

The fourth paragraph focuses on nonlinear illustrations, which include visual representations like flowcharts, graphs, and organizers that complement textual information. It explains how tables, graphs, bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, pictographs, and maps serve as textual AIDS, facilitating the comparison, trend analysis, and visualization of data and geographical information. The summary underscores the effectiveness of these tools in aiding retention and understanding of complex information.

20:05

🌏 Maps as Textual AIDS

The final paragraph concludes the discussion on textual AIDS by highlighting maps as a form of visual aid. It differentiates between physical maps, which show natural features, and political maps, which display administrative boundaries. The summary emphasizes the role of maps in providing a clear representation of geographical data, thus serving as an essential tool for understanding and retaining information about places and regions.

Keywords

💡Textual Aids

Textual aids are non-textual elements that assist readers in comprehending the content of a text. They include titles, subtitles, bold, italicized, and underlined texts, as well as visual elements like illustrations, maps, tables, graphs, and charts. In the video, textual aids are presented as essential tools for directing attention to important ideas and providing supplementary information, enhancing the understanding of a text.

💡Advanced Organizers

Advanced organizers are teaching strategies used to introduce a lesson and guide learners on how to think about the text. They include expository organizers, narrative organizers, graphic organizers, and other forms like KWL charts and analogies. The script provides examples of how teachers use advanced organizers to give students a broad idea of the lesson's purpose and to facilitate better understanding and retention of information.

💡Graphic Organizers

Graphic organizers are visual tools that structure information in a way that is easy to understand and remember. They come in various forms, such as persuasion maps, sequence charts, story maps, and biography graphic organizers. The video script describes how these organizers help students to outline, prepare arguments, visualize processes, and understand characters or historical figures more in-depth.

💡Titles

Titles are textual aids that provide a heading for passages, helping to improve comprehension and memorability. The script mentions that titles facilitate understanding by drawing the reader's attention to the main topic and by being better recalled than passages without titles. They are used to highlight the focus of the text and to organize information.

💡Nonlinear Illustrations

Nonlinear illustrations are visual representations that accompany text, such as flowcharts, charts, graphs, and graphic organizers. The video explains how these illustrations help in understanding complex information by breaking it down into more digestible parts. They are particularly useful for comparing and contrasting data or outlining processes.

💡Tables

A table is an arrangement of information in rows and columns, making it easier to compare and contrast data. The script describes the parts of a table, including the table number, title, captions, column headings, row headings, footnote, and source. Tables are used to organize data in a clear and accessible manner.

💡Graphs

Graphs are used to demonstrate relationships within data when a simple table is insufficient. The video script discusses different types of graphs, such as bar graphs, line graphs, and pie charts, each serving a specific purpose in data representation. For example, bar graphs use bars to represent data values, while line graphs show changes over time.

💡Pictographs

Pictographs, also known as pictograms, represent data using images, icons, or symbols. They are simple ways of showing data frequency with relevant symbols or images. The script provides an example of a pictograph's parts, including the title, pictures, label, and key, which helps in understanding the representation of data quantities.

💡Mind Maps

Mind maps are tools that capture the free flow of thought and are widely used for brainstorming around topics. They help in organizing and grouping information about a topic. The video mentions that mind maps can also be used to visually represent comparisons and similarities between subjects.

💡KWL Chart

A KWL chart is a form of advanced organizer that helps students reflect on what they know, what they want to know, and what they have learned about a topic. The script explains that creating a KWL chart encourages students to think about their prior knowledge, which can increase their interest and focus on the lesson.

💡Analogies

Analogies are comparisons between two things that are alike in some way and can be used as advanced organizers. The video script cites research showing that analogies help students relate new topics to something familiar, thus aiding in understanding. An example given is comparing radar to a ball bouncing off a wall to explain how it works.

Highlights

Introduction to textual aids as essential learning tools for understanding and retaining text information.

Definition of textual aids as non-textual elements that enhance text comprehension.

Explanation of advanced organizers, including expository and narrative types, used by teachers to introduce lessons.

Use of storytelling in narrative advanced organizers to relate to important lesson concepts.

Description of graphic organizers as visual tools for structuring information and enhancing learning.

Examples of various graphic organizers such as persuasion map, sequence chart, and story map for different learning objectives.

Discussion on the role of titles in improving text comprehension and memorability.

Importance of using bold, colored, or italicized text to draw attention to key information.

Introduction to nonlinear illustrations like flowcharts and graphs as aids for better understanding complex information.

Details on table structure, making comparing and contrasting information easier.

Classification and parts of bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, and pictographs for data representation.

Role of pictures and maps as textual aids for visual representation and better retention of information.

Explanation of how advanced organizers like KWL charts help students organize their knowledge and expectations about a topic.

Use of analogies as advanced organizers to relate new topics to familiar concepts, enhancing understanding.

Discussion on the practical applications of textual aids in improving students' comprehension and engagement with the material.

Summary of the various types of textual aids and their significance in the educational process.

Transcripts

[Music]

it's English

Time come on and join me as we learn

English the easy way hi there everyone

ready second lesson first quarter T

listen carefully as we talk about

textual

AIDS the target most essential learning

competency for this video is determine

the effect of textual AIDS like Advan

organizers titles nonlinear

illustrations and others on the

understanding of a

[Music]

text here comes the importance of

textual aids to help you in

understanding a

text what is textual Aid textual AIDS

refer to non-textual elements that help

readers understand the content of the

text they also refer to elements that

stand out from the main text such as

titles and subtitles bold italicized and

underlined texts non-textual elements

include

illustrations Maps tables graphs and

[Music]

charts

first is to direct the reader attention

to important ideas in the text and

second to provide more information as a

supplement to what is already

written our discussion on textual AIDS

will focus on these three advaned

organizers titles and nonlinear

[Music]

illustrations let's talk about advaned

organizers teachers use Advanced

organizers to introduce a lesson and

guide Learners on how to think about

iter

ADV

text here are some examples of advanced

organizers expository advanc

organizers gives students a broad idea

of the lesson's purpose before the

lesson Begins for example a teacher may

tell students what the lesson's goals

are we've talked about what habitats are

and why some animals prefer to live in

different places than other animals do

our goal today is to learn about the

four layers of a tropical rainforest and

which animals live in each of those

different layers teachers often also

write the goals on the

board next is narrative Advance

organizers on the other hand involved

storytelling at the beginning of the

class the teacher might tell an

interesting story that relates to

important Concepts in the lesson I'm

going to tell you a story about a little

tree frog who climbed from the forest

floor up to the very top of the tallest

tree in the

rainforest skimming is another type of

advanced

organizer a teacher may ask students to

scheme over a reading focusing on

highlighted information such as captions

or chapter headings that makes them

familiar with the material before they

read it more thoroughly younger students

might take a picture walk through the

reading a picture walk is a shared

activity between a child and an adult

that occurs prior to reading the book

where you flip through the pages one by

one as a way to preview the story it

allows the child to become more familiar

with the book before actively reading

the

[Music]

text another form of advanced organizer

is graphic

organizer they structure information

visually or in pictures they are usually

onepage forms with lots of blank areas

so they are easy for students to scheme

before the lesson for example a teacher

might give students a simple drawing of

a tree with lines marking each of the

four layers of the

rainforest as the lesson goes on the

students can fill in the graphic

organizer with the names of the

different layers and of the animals that

live in

them graphic organizers take on a

plethora of avenues and looks here are

some other examples of commonly used

graphic organizers but not necessarily

used in

advance persuasion map the persuasion

map is an interactive graphic organizer

that helps students familiarize

themselves with the process of

persuasive writing it assists them with

outlining and preparing Arguments for

their essays speeches debates and others

sequence chart a sequence graphic

organizer is a tool that helps visualize

the order of steps of a process or a

timeline of events it can also be used

for note taking lesson planning and

essay

[Music]

writing story map a story map can be

used to identify the different elements

such as character s character plots

themes techniques and others in a book

students are

reading it's a useful tool that teachers

can integrate into the lesson to improve

students

comprehension biography graphic

organizer this is a tool that assists

with understanding a character from a

novel autobiography or movie or a

historical figure more indepth it brings

attention to various important factors

about a person's

life learning map learning Maps visually

depict the key takeaways skills ideas

knowledge students should get from a

lesson it usually provides a highlevel

view of the lesson or unit or course

that is to be studied and the connection

between its different components

students can also use learning maps in

the classroom for note

taking vocabulary graphic

organizer this tool can be used to

assess the vocabulary knowledge of

students you can create graphic

organizers including various elements to

help students learn new words and learn

antonyms and

[Music]

synonyms problemsolving

organizer

problemsolving graphic organizers can be

used to improve the problem solving

skills of the students it helps students

identify and evaluate solutions to

problems timeline graphic

organizer timeline diagrams are a type

of graphic organizer that shows a

sequence of events in chronological

order they come in handy when studying

history as you can use it to display

major historical events that occur

during a period of time along with

important details such as dates and

locations in which they took place in

addition timeline charts can also be

used to show the progress of something

for example growth of a business or

changes T chart te charts allow students

to study two facets of a topic for

example

disadvantages and advantages pros and

cons differences and similarities and

others hierarchy chart hierarchy charts

visualize the elements of a system

organization or concept from its highest

position to the lowest students can use

this tool to understand the

superordinate and subordinate categories

of a topic and the relationship between

them star diagram star diagrams are used

to organize the characteristics of a

chosen topic it can also be used to

brainstorm around new

[Music]

topics cluster diagram cluster diagrams

can be used to facilitate a

brainstorming session or structure idea

generation and even to help with

exploring new

topics Lotus diagram Lotus diagram is an

analytical tool that can be used to

break down broader and more complex

topics into smaller components for easy

understanding it can be used for

brainstorming and studying new

[Music]

topics cost and effect graphic

organizer this type of graphic organizer

shows the cost and effects of an event

the cause is the reason why something

has happened and effect is the result of

what has happened visualization helps

clearly understand the different cause

and effect

relationships mind map a mind map is a

tool that helps capture the free flow of

thought and is widely used for

brainstorming around topics additionally

it can also be used to organize and

group information about a

topic double bubble map the double

bubble map is one of the popular

thinking maps it is much like a VIN

diagram and is used to identify similar

and different qualities between two

[Music]

things and lastly V diagram another

graphic organizer that helps you

visually represent a compar comparison

of differences and similarities between

two subjects is the VIN

diagram what makes it different from the

double bubble map is that it can include

more than two topics and one common

area this are just some of the sample

graphic organizers that I have on the

[Music]

list

organiz now is a discussion on Advance

organizers kwl chart is another popular

form of Advance

organizer before a lesson begins

students may be asked to divide a page

into three columns then they use the

First Column to write what they think

they know about the topic that's where

the K comes from in the acronym in the

second column they add what they want

that stands for w to know about the

topic and after the lesson they write

what they've learned which stands for l

in the third column creating a kwl chart

makes students think about what they

already know that makes them feel more

comfortable with the new material they

are learning as a result their interest

and focus may

[Music]

increase and also analogies

analogies are comparisons of two things

that are alike in some way they can also

be used as Advance

organizers research has shown that it

helps students to realize that a new

topic relates to something

familiar for example in one study two

groups of students were each given an

article about how radar works the first

group's article started with a short

analogy

comparing radar to a ball bouncing off a

wall the second group's article didn't

have an analogy when tested on how well

they' understood the group that read the

article with the analogy did better they

used what they already knew about how a

ball bounces to understand how radar

works now that we're done discussing

about Advanced organizers we will now

proceed is textual Aid the title Yes you

heard it right

pamagat title or pagat is another form

of textual

Aid I may title

Ora well providing titles for passages

improves the comprehension and

memorability of text titles have

generally been thought to facilitate

comprehension at later stages of

processing consistent with prior

research passages presented with titles

were found to be better recalled than

those without titles aside from

[Music]

this bold colored or italics text or

titles to draw the reader's attention to

important

information keywords to notice are in

bold or in color at italic picture

captions book titles or any element that

need to stand

out the last textual Aid that I will

discuss is the nonlinear

illustrations there are many definitions

of the term nonlinear

illustration most people consider text

with visuals or graphs along with it as

examples for nonlinear texts some

examples include flowcharts

charts graphs and graphic organizer such

as knowledge maps and story

Maps let's start with

table table is an arrangement of

information in rows and columns

containing cells that make comparing and

contrasting information

easier here is a sample table and its

corresponding parts we have the table

number

title captions or the column

headings stubs or row

headings

footnote and

Source let's proceed to graph graph is

used when a simple table cannot

adequately demonstrate important

relationships of and within data here

are some classifications of graph

bar graph uses either vertical or

horizontal bars to show the data it

represents the height of the bar

indicates the value it represents the

longer the bar the higher the value it

represents the shorter the bar the lower

the value it

represents meanwhile here are the parts

of a bar

graph

title the title tells us what the graph

is

about

labels the labels tell us what kinds of

facts are

listed bars the bars show the

facts in addition the bars can be either

horizontal or

vertical we also have line graph line

graph is used to show how numerical data

have changed over time and it is best

used to show

Trends here is a sample of line graph

and its

parts title tells what is being

represented X AIS or the horizontal axis

shows the names of the things being

compared y AIS or the vertical axis has

numbers for whatever is being

named

next we have pie graph or pie chart

shows how a hole is divided into Parts

here are the parts of a p

graph title tells us what the P graph

represents

Legend tells what each slice of the P

represents

data the most important part of a py

graph a pyra graph represents 100% of

the data each slice is a percentage of

the

whole and Source tells where the data

was gathered for the

chart lastly is the pictograph also

known as a

pictogram it is the pictorial

representation of data using images

icons or symbols we can represent the

frequency of data while using symbols or

images that are relevant using a

pictograph pictographs are one of the

simplest ways of representing

data here are the corresponding parts of

the sample

pictograph title tells us what the

pictograph is

about

pictures tell us the given number of

objects label

what kind of data is

shown key tells us the number each

picture is equal

[Music]

to now we're done discussing this

textual AIDS Advanced

organizers titles and nonlinear

illustrations in addition illustrations

or pictures are also considered textual

AIDS this are visual representation of a

subject they facilitate better retention

of the information

presented aside from this map is also a

textual

Aid map is a visual representation of

selected characteristics of a place

usually drawn on a flat

surface the two types of maps are

physical map which includes label for

features such as mountain ranges and

bodies of water and the other one is

political map which usually includes

labels for features such as cities and

major towns units such as States or

provinces and bodies of

water that's all for today's episode MGA

huan

Palam thanks for

[Music]

watching