Time Does Not Exist. Let me explain with a graph.

Summary

This video delves into the concept of time as a fourth dimension, exploring how it intertwines with the three spatial dimensions to form space-time, as proposed by Einstein's theory of relativity. It uses a 2D to 3D analogy to explain time dilation and the warping of space, suggesting that we are all moving through time at a constant rate. The video also introduces a new book on the solar system, aiming to inspire a love for space among school children.

Takeaways

• 🕰️ Time is presented as a mysterious and fundamental concept that influences everything but is intangible.
• 🌌 The script discusses time in the context of space and how it is warped by black holes, slowing it down due to gravity's influence.
• 🔭 It mentions the James Webb Telescope's ability to look into the distant past by using the fixed speed of light, emphasizing the connection between time and light.
• 🧠 Alex McColgan introduces a model to help understand time as a fourth dimension, combining it with the three spatial dimensions to form space-time.
• 📐 The script explains dimensions, starting from 1D up to 3D, and then speculates on what 4D space might entail, considering time as the fourth dimension.
• 🤔 It raises questions about why we can't perceive time as we do space, and why we seem to only move forward in time.
• 🌐 Einstein's theory of relativity is referenced, which unifies space and time into a single continuum, suggesting time is another direction in space-time.
• 🚀 The model uses vectors to illustrate how moving through space at high velocities affects the passage of time, demonstrating time dilation.
• 🧐 The script explores the idea that from the perspective of someone traveling at high speeds, the universe appears to warp, while they themselves do not.
• 📚 Alex McColgan announces a collaboration with Stuart McPherson and the Don Hanson Foundation to produce a book about the solar system aimed at inspiring a love for space in school children.
• 🎉 The book is described as a high-quality, limited edition with a focus on the solar system, including thousands of facts and high-quality images.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?

The main topic of the video is the concept of time as a fourth dimension, exploring how it relates to the three spatial dimensions and the implications of this idea on our understanding of the universe.

What is the significance of the James Webb Telescope mentioned in the script?

The James Webb Telescope is mentioned as an example of how technology can be used to look into the distant past by taking advantage of the fixed speed of light, which is related to the concept of time and its influence on our perception of the universe.

What does the video suggest about the nature of time?

The video suggests that time is an unstoppable force that influences everything we do and is proposed to be another dimension, similar to the three spatial dimensions, forming a unified space-time as per Einstein's theories of relativity.

What is the role of vectors in the model presented in the video?

In the model, vectors are used to represent the direction and magnitude of motion through space and time. They help to illustrate how moving through space at higher velocities affects the rate at which one moves through time, as per the principles of Einstein's relativity.

How does the video explain the concept of time dilation?

The video explains time dilation through the model of a 2D person moving in a 3D space, where as the person moves faster in space, their motion through time slows down, causing them to age slower relative to someone who is stationary.

What is the significance of the 2D person model in the script?

The 2D person model is used to visualize the effects of moving through the fourth dimension (time) while living in a 3D space. It helps to demonstrate how an object's perception of reality can change based on its orientation and motion relative to the time dimension.

What is the book mentioned in the video about?

The book mentioned in the video focuses on the solar system, containing thousands of facts about various celestial bodies. It is designed to help school children develop a love for space and has been sent to thousands of schools around the world.

How is the book's content presented in terms of quality?

The book is described as having high-quality print and images that look particularly good when printed out, compared to viewing them on a computer screen. The author spent hours finding the best images to include.

What is the limited edition of the book offering?

The limited edition of the book is offering only 175 copies, which will include a signed card from the author and a serial number indicating the book's unique number.

What is the broader theme of the video series called 'Unseen World'?

The 'Unseen World' series aims to explore the shape of reality that is normally invisible to us, examining how the shape and dimensions of the universe can explain why things are the way they are.

Outlines

00:00

🕰️ The Nature of Time and the Fourth Dimension

The script begins by introducing the concept of time as a mysterious and elusive aspect of our reality, which, despite being intangible, significantly influences our lives. It sets the stage for a deeper exploration of time, hinting at a book reveal towards the end of the video. The host, Alex McColgan, invites viewers to consider time not just as a concept but as a dimension, paralleling it with the three spatial dimensions we're familiar with. The paragraph lays the groundwork for understanding higher dimensions by explaining three-dimensional (3D) space and how it contrasts with two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) spaces. It emphasizes the challenge of visualizing a fourth spatial dimension, which is perpendicular to the three known ones, and introduces the idea that time might be this fourth dimension, as suggested by Einstein's theory of relativity.

05:02

🌌 Exploring the Fourth Dimension and Time's Arrow

This paragraph delves into the theoretical aspects of the fourth dimension, suggesting that time could be the direction we are all moving along, just as we move through the three spatial dimensions. It discusses the difficulty of visualizing and understanding this fourth dimension, drawing parallels with how a 2D being might perceive 3D objects. The script uses the analogy of compressing 3D reality into a 2D plane, with the third dimension (Z-axis) representing time. It explains how moving through space affects our movement through time, as per Einstein's theory of relativity, and introduces the concept of vectors to illustrate how traveling through space at high speeds slows time down. The summary also touches on the idea that from the perspective of a being moving at the speed of light, the universe would appear to warp, aligning with the predictions of relativity.

10:03

🧠 The Impact of Velocity on Time and Perception of Reality

The third paragraph examines the effects of velocity on the perception of time and space. It uses the metaphor of a 2D person moving through a 3D space to explain how time dilation occurs when an object moves close to the speed of light. The script describes how, from the perspective of a stationary observer, a moving object would appear to flatten in the direction of its travel, which is a direct consequence of its velocity. This flattening effect is a manifestation of the Lorentz transformation, a key aspect of special relativity. The paragraph also explores the implications of this model for our understanding of our own existence in time, suggesting that we might be 'flat pancakes' in the fourth dimension, only appearing three-dimensional when viewed from certain perspectives.

15:06

📚 Book Release: Celebrating Space and the Solar System

The final paragraph shifts focus from theoretical physics to the tangible, announcing the release of a limited edition book focused on the solar system. The book, a collaboration with Stuart McPherson and the Don Hanson Foundation, aims to inspire a love for space among school children. It contains a wealth of information about celestial bodies and is praised for its high-quality print images, which are said to surpass the quality of digital displays. The host expresses pride in the book's production and encourages viewers to purchase a copy while stocks last, offering a unique serial number and a signed card with each purchase. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for viewers to subscribe, share, and support the channel through various means.

Keywords

💡Time

Time is a concept central to the video, described as an unstoppable influence that affects everything we do. It is presented as a dimension, similar to the spatial dimensions we are familiar with, but one that we cannot perceive directly. The script discusses how time is intertwined with space to form space-time, as proposed by Einstein's theory of relativity, and how it affects the perception of reality, especially when considering velocities close to the speed of light.

💡Black Holes

Black holes are mentioned in the context of their effect on time. They are known to warp space around them, which leads to the slowing down of time. This concept is key to understanding how gravity influences time and is a fundamental aspect of the video's exploration of time as a dimension.

💡James Webb Telescope

The James Webb Telescope is used as an example of how we can observe the distant past by taking advantage of the fixed speed of light. This relates to the video's theme by illustrating how time can be 'peeled back' to observe distant objects, further emphasizing the interconnectedness of time and space.

💡Space-Time

Space-time is a concept introduced by Einstein that combines space and time into a single continuum. In the video, space-time is used to explain how time can be thought of as another dimension, just like the three spatial dimensions, and how it is affected by the presence of mass, such as in the case of black holes.

💡Dimensions

Dimensions are discussed in the script as the different directions in which we can move or measure space. The video explains one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional spaces before introducing the concept of a fourth dimension, which is time. This helps to frame the video's exploration of time as an additional dimension to the familiar three of space.

💡Relativity

Relativity, specifically Einstein's theory, is a fundamental concept in the video. It is used to explain the relationship between time and space, and how they are affected by motion and gravity. The script uses this theory to discuss time dilation and the warping of space-time.

💡Vectors

Vectors are used in the script to illustrate the direction and magnitude of motion. In the context of the video, vectors help to explain how an object's movement through space can affect its movement through time, as per the principles of relativity.

💡Time Dilation

Time dilation is a phenomenon predicted by the theory of relativity, where time appears to slow down for an object moving at high speeds relative to a stationary observer. The video uses the concept of vectors to explain this effect, showing how moving through space can result in a slower progression through time.

💡Spatial Warping

Spatial warping refers to the distortion of space due to the presence of mass, as described by general relativity. The video script uses the analogy of a 2D person moving in 3D space to illustrate how objects moving at high velocities can appear to 'flatten' from the perspective of a stationary observer, which is a manifestation of spatial warping.

💡Unseen World

The 'Unseen World' is a new series mentioned in the script, aimed at exploring the shape of reality that is normally invisible to us. It is related to the video's theme by extending the discussion of time as a dimension to other aspects of the universe that may influence our perception and understanding of reality.

💡Book

The script concludes with the announcement of a book that the author has been working on, which focuses on the solar system and aims to inspire a love for space in school children. The book is an example of the author's passion for sharing knowledge about the universe and its dimensions, which is also a central theme of the video.

Highlights

Introduction of a new book on space aimed at inspiring children's interest in the subject.

Exploration of the concept of time as a dimension, challenging the traditional view of time.

Discussion on how black holes warp space and the effects of gravity on time.

Explanation of how the James Webb Telescope uses the speed of light to look into the past.

Introduction of a model to understand time as a ticking concept all around us.

Collaboration with the speaker's brother to create a unique scientific model.

The foundational idea that time is another dimension in the context of space-time.

Explanation of 3D space and its perpendicular dimensions of height, width, and depth.

Transition from 3D to 2D and 1D spaces to illustrate the concept of adding or removing dimensions.

Challenge of visualizing the fourth dimension and its relation to time.

Einstein's theory of relativity linking space and time into a unified space-time.

The model's representation of time as a consistent force pushing us towards the future.

Use of vectors to express the relationship between space travel and time dilation.

Illustration of how objects traveling at high speeds appear to flatten from an external observer's perspective.

Discussion on the implications of time as a direction and its impact on our understanding of the universe.

Introduction of a new series called 'The Unseen World' exploring the shape of reality.

Announcement of a limited edition book sale with unique features like signed cards and serial numbers.

Transcripts

I'm excited to say I've made a book stay

tuned until the end of the video for

more about that

what is time

in this channel we've talked a lot about

time

as black holes warp space around them

we've learned that time slows down

we've discovered the time influencing

effects of gravity and even how the

James Webb Telescope can peer through

time to the distant past by taking

advantage of the fixed speed of light

all this makes sense so far but what

actually is time you can't taste it

touch it or feel it yet time has an

Unstoppable influence on us and is

pushing us forward whether we like it or

not

doesn't something that impacts

everything we do deserve some additional

understanding

I'm Alex mccolgan and you're watching

astrum and while this is an area that

scientists have many theories about I'd

like to share with you today one model

that might help you understand this

mysterious concept that is ticking all

around us by the end of this video we

are going to have a possible explanation

of why time slows down as velocity

increases and why shapes warp when

undergoing velocities close to the speed

of light

this video is a collaboration with my

brother based on recognized scientific

theory where we have taken scientific

Concepts and combined them into

something you may not have seen before

but before we get to that we have to

begin with one foundational idea

time is actually another dimension

now before you double check that you

haven't logged into some Sci-fi channel

by mistake let's discuss what I mean by

dimensions

while in popular culture different

dimensions are often described as

parallel worlds that are very similar to

ours yet subtly different in this

context when we talk of different

dimensions we are referring to the

dimensions of space as in

three-dimensional space or 3D space

which may be far more familiar to you

this is by no means trivial though 3D

space is all around you it is the around

you and is very relevant to our topic

let's begin by making sure we understand

the 3DS and the relationships between

them before we add the fourth d

broadly speaking 3D or three-dimensional

space simply refers to space that can be

measured in three different

perpendicular directions

the perpendicular nature of these

Dimensions is important but we'll get to

that later

three-dimensional space is usually

described as having height width and

depth and they all have 90 degree angles

between them simply put objects like us

that exist in 3D space can move left and

right up and down and forwards and

backwards

we are comfortable with this kind of

space using this as our basis it becomes

much easier to imagine what we mean by

2D space and even 1D space

to move from one space to another all we

need to do is remove or add an extra

dimension of measurement or movement

that must be a 90 degree angle from all

previously existing angles so 2D objects

move in a plane that's bounded by the X

and Y directions or the x and z

directions or the Y and Z directions but

not all three at once

1D objects can only move either along X

or Y or Z

imagine a person who lived in such a 1D

world the whole existence would be found

either moving one way or the other

all of reality would exist either to the

left or to the right of them and would

appear as a singular dot they could not

move or see in any of the other

directions and probably could not even

comprehend such directions as even

existing

photons Wishing by them would only be

visible if they entered the singular

line that was a 1D person's whole area

of existence

now adding extra directions of movement

is what's needed to move things up from

1D to 2D to 3D

so in theory we can predict what we need

to do if we were to jump to 40. however

here we hit a snag

while it's easy to draw a line that's

perfectly perpendicular to a single

other line or to draw another line on

top of those lines that is perpendicular

to the two previous lines

how would we draw a fourth line that's

perpendicular to all three surely such a

thing is impossible well within 3D space

such a thing is impossible

the best we can do is draw

approximations for instance it's

possible to draw an approximation of a

3D shape on 2D paper by doing something

like this

these lines are all two-dimensional but

we look at this and our brain recognizes

that this is a picture of a 3D shape so

in the same way we could probably do

something similar to what a 4D object

might look like using just 3D lines

mathematicians have attempted to do this

although their results tend to be a

little confusing

although this is mathematically sound as

a basis for a 4D object I personally

don't find my understanding of 4D Space

deepened by looking at it so I won't

focus on it in this video

there is some evidence however that the

fourth Direction exists and we are

moving along it right now

that fourth direction or Dimension is

time

Einstein predicted this connection when

he linked space and time into one

unified space-time in his theories of

relativity

according to him time and space are two

parts of the same thing

to me this connects with 4D space very

nicely just as there is no real

difference between the Zed and the x or

y directions so two would then not be

any difference between time and space if

time is just another Direction albeit

one that we can't see and time is

important without time our 3D space

wouldn't move it would perpetually be in

one state because it's time that allows

us to move about in it

but why can't we see it why can't we

look in the direction of time

to explain this let's look at the

difference between the different

dimensional spaces

we best noticed this when we consider

what 2D objects might look like if they

were to move around in 3D space

this is where we start to delve into the

model let's begin by visualizing a

standard 3D space but because we want to

eventually see all of space and time in

one model let's cheat a little

let's compress all of 3D reality as we

know it into a flat two-dimensional

place

in this plane let's make that our X Y

plane which we will label space which

frees up the Z dimension for time

in this model all 3D people are now just

2D

a 2d person could exist and live their

lives in the place marked space at the

bottom of our chart

however by moving them up on the chart

at a constant rate they are also moving

through time

let's put ease and convenience say that

the top of our diagram is the future

while the bottom is the past so the

higher up our 2D person goes in this

diagram the older they get

as we don't seem to have a whole lot of

control over our ability to travel

through time let's imagine for a second

that our 2D person travels upwards at a

constant rate as if there is some

consistent force or wind at play pushing

them upwards towards the future

sadly we cannot slow down time for

ourselves simply through willpower no

matter how much we might want to do so

however it is misleading to say that we

can't change it at all

the faster we travel in Space the slower

we travel in time this is one of the

guiding principles of Einstein's

relativity this model can express this

idea through the power of vectors

as our 2D person tries to move to their

left or to their right their Vector of

travel changes

while traveling at a fixed rate like a

sail on a ship catching a breeze we can

only go as fast as the wind takes us so

the vector coming out from their front

must always remain the same

to travel the fastest through time our

2D person must Orient his Vector

completely in the future direction or

upwards

however if they are to travel any amount

in either direction to their sides they

can only do so by pointing their Vector

away from their direction of travel

they have Motion in the X Direction now

but they have done so by reducing their

Motion in the Z Direction

they are moving through space But at the

cost of moving a little slower Through

Time

taking this to its furthest extreme our

individual has completely flipped on

their side and now only has Motion in

the direction of X and none in the

direction of Zed they have velocity in

space but not time so I suppose this

implies our Vector is the speed of

causality or the speed of light

if this is the speed we're talking about

then moving at low speeds through space

would not have any noticeable difference

in our speed through time

we'd have to go really fast before we

started to notice anything the vector

still mostly points upwards

an interesting result of this model is

that from the 2D man's perspective

nothing has really changed he has his

own view of what reality is

for him the vector coming out of his

chest is still time

the dimensions of the plane he's lying

flat on is his space to him it's the

rest of the universe that's gone a

little weird but he himself is perfectly

normal

however once he reorients himself it is

clear that the rest of the universe has

moved on without him

this is clearer if we add a second 2D

person

initially both of our individuals do not

move in space all of their Vector is

pointing in the direction of time

nothing that strange seems to happen so

far

however if our stick man on the right

turns and vectors at near the speed of

light for a bit then reorients himself

while the second 2D man on the left just

stays where he is it becomes clear that

our 2D men have not moved at the same

rate Through Time

assuming that our two stick men can

somehow still see each other let's

imagine that they somehow project an

image of themselves onto the other

person's space plane

they immediately noticed that there is a

difference in age

the one who traveled at the speed of

light did not advance so quickly through

time as the other who remained

stationary and so is younger

but why do we find this model so

compelling well it is because of what

those projections would look like during

changes in Direction

from the point of view of the first

Stickman initially the projection of

their friends seems fairly normal

however as they start traveling very

quickly in space and they're Vector

oriented in a direction away from time a

2d shape reveals its inherent flatness

and from a face on perspective it goes

from this to this

[Music]

the speedily traveling Stickman appears

to flatten with an effect that's more

pronounced the faster they go and the

flattening takes place in the direction

of their travel the stickman who remains

stationary might wonder the strange

change that is occurring to their friend

never comprehending that it represents a

reorientation of a 2d figure in 3D space

now what captures my imagination about

this is that this same thing happens in

real life

according to Einstein's theories of

Relativity objects traveling at Great

speeds in 3D space would appear from an

external Observer to flatten in the

direction of their travel this squishing

effect happens exactly in line with this

model and is to do with time dilation

however from the person whose

traveling's perspective they do not

flatten but it is the rest of the

universe that warps I talk about this in

Greater depth in another video of mine

where we can see the effects of spatial

warping in a computer model

from their perspective everything would

stretch at the edges of their Vision

while their destination would seem

further away which is again what this

model would predict

the only difference is that in this

model we're just exploring a 2d object

stretching

so the stretch is only in One Direction

while in real life it's 3D which means

it stretches in two directions instead

but that is what you might expect as you

turn away from our conventional three

dimensions and start orienting yourself

away from time

but if this is correct so what why does

it matter

if time is truly a direction then it

deepens our understanding of the

universe it also raises more questions

what is the force that pushes us ever

forward in time why does it seem that we

can never move against it although in

this model there is no reason why a

vector could not Point downwards in real

life that doesn't seem to ever happen

this model also answers the question of

if time is a direction what is our shape

in time thus part of us protrude into

the past or into the future according to

this model that does not happen we are

flat pancakes in the fourth dimension

pennies that look round when you look at

us head-on but revealing our thinness

when we turn away from you that's a

strange thought but it may just be true

this might explain why we are unable to

see through time we just don't extend

enough in that direction for it to be

visible your form might be quite

different than you first thought

of course this model is just a theory of

ours although we have tried to base it

on scientific observations and

conventional Theory but what do you

think does this model help you make

sense of time as a fourth dimension

please leave your ideas in the comments

Below on the nature of time and what

they might actually be instead

I hope to explore more strange Concepts

like this in a new series called the

Unseen World where I want to explore the

shape of reality around us while it's

normally invisible to us the shape and

dimensions of the universe can explain

why things are the way they are and I'm

excited to explore it with you if you

are interested in it let me know

I'm very pleased to finally show you

something that's been in the works for a

while I've been working together with

Stuart McPherson and the Don Hanson

Foundation to produce a book it has

already been sent to thousands of

schools around the world to hopefully

help school children develop a love for

space and now they are available to you

too the focus of this 160 page book is

the solar system and contains thousands

of facts about the different celestial

bodies found there and what I actually

love most about the book is the print

quality combined with the images somehow

these images just look so good when

printed out compared to seeing them on a

computer screen I spent hours finding

the very best images to include and I'm

very proud of the finished product

the initial sale is a limited edition of

only 175 books so it's really while

stocks last and they will include a

signed card from me and a Serial showing

your unique number I really expect these

to go fast so don't delay and check my

store link below

thanks for watching I hope you learned

something new today if you did consider

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