Sejarah Indonesia : Sejarah Sebagai Ilmu, Peristiwa, Kisah dan Seni

Summary

This video script delves into the multifaceted nature of history as a discipline, event, narrative, and art. It outlines the scientific approach to historical study, emphasizing its empirical and theoretical foundations. The script discusses the objectivity of historical events, such as the 1949 Yogyakarta attack, and the reconstruction of history as personal narratives, influenced by the storyteller's perspective. It also explores history as an art form, highlighting the beauty of language and the creative process in historical writing, as well as the tangible artistic expressions found in architecture and sculpture, which serve as a testament to past civilizations.

Takeaways

• 📚 History as a Science: The script discusses history as a systematic and scientific discipline, aiming to uncover the truth about past events using empirical evidence and various methodologies.
• 🔍 Characteristics of Historical Science: It highlights five characteristics of history as a science, including being empirical, having a subject, theory, method, and regionalization.
• 🌐 Example of Historical Theory: The script provides an example of the theory of Hindu-Buddhist culture's introduction to Indonesia, suggesting four different streams of thought with supporting evidence analyzed through other branches of science.
• 🗺️ History as Events: It defines history as events that actually occurred in the past, based on clear facts and evidence, exemplified by the 'Serangan Umum' (General Attack) on March 1, 1949, in Yogyakarta.
• 👥 Collective Nature of Historical Events: The script mentions that history as events is objective, based on the cumulative work of historians and clear evidence.
• 📖 History as Stories: It describes history as stories reconstructed or retold based on interpretation or memory, which can be presented in written or oral forms.
• 📝 Written Historical Narratives: The script gives an example of a written historical story, the biography of Pangeran Diponegoro, which can be perceived differently depending on the historian's perspective.
• 🎨 History as Art: It introduces the concept of history as an art form, where the presentation of historical facts is influenced by the beauty of language, the writer's style, intuition, imagination, and emotion.
• 🏛️ Architectural History as Art: The script provides examples of architectural history as an art, such as ancient temples, forts, mosques, and traditional houses, which are studied for their function and anatomy.
• 🗿 Sculptural Art as Historical Evidence: It discusses sculptural art as a form of three-dimensional art that can provide insights into past civilizations, with reliefs found in ancient Hindu-Buddhist sites in Indonesia.
• 🌟 The Value of Intuition and Emotion: The script emphasizes the importance of intuition, emotion, and imagination in the study of sculpture and architecture to understand the past civilization's art.

Q & A

What does the term 'sejarah sebagai ilmu' refer to in the script?

In the script, 'sejarah sebagai ilmu' refers to history as a science, which is the systematic study of past events using scientific methods to obtain the truth about past events.

What are the five characteristics of history as a science mentioned in the script?

The five characteristics of history as a science mentioned are being empirical, having an object, having a theory, having a method, and regionalization.

Can you provide an example of history as a science from the script?

An example of history as a science given in the script is the theory of the entry of Hindu-Buddhist religion and culture into Indonesia, which is discussed through four different streams, each providing supporting evidence analyzed using other branches of science.

What is 'sejarah sebagai peristiwa' and how is it characterized?

'Sejarah sebagai peristiwa' refers to history as events, which are actual occurrences from the past based on clear facts and evidence. It is characterized by being objective, based on the cumulative results of various historians' opinions, and empirical, based on actual data.

What historical event is used as an example of 'sejarah sebagai peristiwa' in the script?

The script uses the 'Serangan Umum satu Maret tahun 1949' (the General Attack of March 1, 1949) as an example of 'sejarah sebagai peristiwa', which was a significant event where Indonesian National Army troops attacked the city of Yogyakarta, then controlled by the Dutch and their allies.

What is 'sejarah sebagai kisah' and how can it be told?

'Sejarah sebagai kisah' refers to history as a story, reconstructed or retold based on someone's interpretation or memory. It can be told in two ways: written and oral.

How does the perspective of the historian affect the story of 'sejarah sebagai kisah'?

The perspective of the historian greatly affects the story of 'sejarah sebagai kisah'. For example, the biographical story of Pangeran Diponegoro would be viewed differently by a Dutch colonial historian who might see him as a rebel, compared to an Indonesian historian who might view him as a hero.

What is 'sejarah sebagai seni' and what does it involve?

'Sejarah sebagai seni' refers to history as an art, which is about writing and retelling history accurately but with an artistic touch. It involves the use of intuition, imagination, emotion, and language style to make the historical writing attractive, while still being based on scientific research.

Can you provide examples of 'sejarah sebagai seni' from the script?

Examples of 'sejarah sebagai seni' from the script include the study of historical architecture and sculpture art. Historical buildings such as temples, forts, mosques, palaces, and traditional houses are tangible forms of history as art. Sculpture art, especially reliefs found in ancient Hindu-Buddhist temples, can provide insights into past civilizations.

How does the study of sculpture art contribute to understanding 'sejarah sebagai seni'?

The study of sculpture art contributes to understanding 'sejarah sebagai seni' by providing a three-dimensional form of art created by ancient societies. It allows us to observe the function, anatomy, and parts of architectural elements from the past, offering a visual representation of historical civilizations.

What is the overall purpose of discussing the different aspects of history in the script?

The overall purpose of discussing the different aspects of history in the script is to provide a comprehensive understanding of history as a discipline, event, story, and art. It aims to highlight the multifaceted nature of history and its importance in education and cultural understanding.