Elon Musk on HUMAN WILL vs AGI and Humanoid Robots...

Summary

In this extensive discussion, Lex Fridman explores the future of brain-computer interfaces with Elon Musk and Neuralink's first human cyborg, showcasing impressive control over computers through thought. The conversation delves into AI's rapid advancements, the potential of humanoid robots like Tesla's Optimus, and the significance of real-time data in AI development. Musk emphasizes the importance of aligning human will with AI and the possibility of higher data rates improving this connection, hinting at a future where brain-computer interfaces might redefine human-AI interaction.

Takeaways

• 🌏 Lex Fridman's experience in the Amazon rainforest led to a broadening of perspectives and an in-depth podcast with Elon Musk discussing Neuralink and its implications.
• 🧠 The first human cyborg, a quadriplegic patient, has successfully used Neuralink to interact with computers, play games, and potentially stream content, demonstrating significant advancements in brain-computer interface technology.
• 🎮 The patient achieved a score of 9.51 bits per second in a clicking game, showcasing the potential for brain-controlled interactions to rival traditional methods of input like mice and keyboards.
• 🔮 As AI models and neural interfaces improve, it's predicted that brain-computer interfaces will become more efficient and could replace traditional input methods in the near future.
• 🤖 The convergence of technologies like Neuralink and humanoid robots, such as Tesla's Optimus, opens up possibilities for rapid data transfer and new ways of interacting with machines.
• 🤹‍♂️ Dr. Jim Fan from Nvidia highlights the importance of developments in robotic hands and the significant engineering effort required to replicate human dexterity in machines.
• 🔍 The script discusses the potential of brain-computer interfaces and VR for controlling and training robots, indicating a growing overlap between AI, robotics, and human-machine interaction.
• 💡 Elon Musk and other industry leaders are investing heavily in AI and robotics, suggesting a belief in the long-term viability and transformative potential of these technologies.
• 📉 Despite mainstream media suggesting that AI is overhyped and a bubble, insiders continue to invest and innovate, indicating a belief in the underlying value and future of AI advancements.
• 🏆 AI has shown remarkable achievements, such as Google's AI system achieving a silver medal at the International Mathematical Olympiad and Nvidia's Eureka system outperforming human-written code for training robots.
• 🧩 The future of AI safety and human-AI alignment may involve technologies like Neuralink, which could increase the data rate between humans and AI, facilitating better understanding and cooperation.

Q & A

What was Lex Fridman's experience in the Amazon rainforest, and how did it relate to his podcast with Elon Musk?

Lex Fridman had an experience in the Amazon rainforest that broadened his horizons, which he later discussed in a nearly 9-hour podcast with Elon Musk, covering various topics including Neuralink and the future of brain-computer interfaces.

Who is considered the first human cyborg with Neuralink, and what abilities has this technology granted them?

The first human cyborg with Neuralink, known as 'patient zero,' is a quadriplegic individual who, with the help of Neuralink, can interact with computers, play games like Civilization and Mario Kart, and potentially even stream content.

What is the significance of the 'web grid' game in the context of Neuralink's technology?

The 'web grid' game is a tool used by Neuralink to demonstrate the capabilities of their technology. It measures how quickly and accurately a user can click on targets, showcasing the performance of the first clinical trial participant who achieved a score of 9.51 bits per second.

How does the brain-computer interface technology differ from traditional input methods like keyboards, mice, and touchpads?

The brain-computer interface technology allows for direct interaction with computers through brain signals, bypassing the need for physical input devices. This method is potentially much faster and more efficient, as it relies on neural signals rather than manual dexterity.

What are some potential implications of combining brain-computer interfaces with humanoid robots like Tesla's Optimus?

Combining brain-computer interfaces with humanoid robots could lead to highly efficient and responsive machines capable of performing complex tasks. This synergy could revolutionize labor and various industries by enabling rapid data transfer and precise control through thought processes.

What is the current state of AI and robotics development according to Dr. Jim Fan, and what are some of the most exciting projects?

Dr. Jim Fan, Nvidia's senior AI researcher, highlights projects like Nvidia's Project Groot as some of the most exciting developments in robotics. These projects are pushing the boundaries of what is possible with AI and robotics, including advancements in machine learning and autonomous operation.

What role do human hands play in the development of humanoid robots, and why are they significant?

Human hands play a crucial role in the development of humanoid robots as they are responsible for a significant portion of human intelligence and manipulation of the world. The engineering of robot hands, such as those in the Tesla Optimus, is a major focus due to the complexity and dexterity required for real-world tasks.

How does the real-time data from Tesla cars and potential Tesla Optimus robots contribute to AI training and safety?

Real-time data from Tesla cars and, in the future, Tesla Optimus robots, provides a vast and diverse dataset that can be used to train AI systems more effectively. This data helps in understanding cause and effect in the real world, which is essential for improving AI safety and decision-making.

What is the potential scale of production for humanoid robots like Tesla's Optimus, and what factors contribute to this scale?

Elon Musk estimates that the potential scale of production for humanoid robots like Tesla's Optimus could be over a billion units per year due to their high utility. Factors contributing to this scale include advancements in AI, robotics, and the ability to generate and learn from vast amounts of real-world data.

How does the concept of 'play to win' apply to the development of AI, and what are the key components for success?

The concept of 'play to win' in AI development means having the most powerful training compute, efficient use of data, and a strong human talent pool. It also involves having unique access to data and packaging the AI product effectively to ensure continuous improvement and alignment with collective human will.

What is the role of human will in the context of AI and human-AI alignment, and how might technologies like Neuralink help?

Human will is considered a source of purpose and direction for AI. Technologies like Neuralink could help align collective human will with AI by increasing the data rate of human communication, thus improving the link between humans and AI and potentially enhancing AI safety.

Outlines

00:00

🧠 Neuralink's Breakthrough with the First Human Cyborg

In this segment, the script discusses Lex Fridman's experience in the Amazon rainforest and his subsequent podcast with Elon Musk, focusing on Neuralink's progress. The first human patient to receive a Neuralink device, a quadriplegic individual, can now interact with computers, playing games and potentially streaming, showcasing the device's capabilities. The script also compares the patient's performance in a clicking game to the average person's, highlighting the impressive control achieved through brain-computer interaction. The potential for future improvements in brain-computer interfaces is emphasized, suggesting they could surpass traditional input methods like keyboards and mice.

05:00

🤖 The Convergence of Robotics and AI

This paragraph delves into the overlap between robotics and AI, mentioning projects like Nvidia's Project Groot and the development of humanoid robots with advanced capabilities. The script discusses the importance of hands in robot design, the effort put into training robots, and the potential impact of intelligent humanoid robots on labor and economies. It also touches on the historical anecdote related to the song 'Money for Nothing' by Dire Straits, illustrating a disconnect between manual laborers and the leisure class, and ends with a commentary on the current hype and skepticism surrounding AI's potential impact.

10:02

🚀 Inside Perspectives on AI Development and Investment

The script addresses the skepticism from mainstream news about AI being a hype or a bubble, contrasting it with the actions of industry insiders who are heavily investing in AI technologies. It highlights Google's order of a large number of GB 200 chips, indicating a strong commitment to AI development. The segment also discusses AI's achievements, such as Google DeepMind's AI system achieving a silver medal at the International Mathematics Olympiad and Nvidia's AI outperforming expert humans in creating reward programs for trading robots.

15:03

🧐 AI's Role in Material Discovery and the Future of Work

This part of the script focuses on AI's current capabilities in material synthesis, as demonstrated by Google's AI discovering new materials, and the potential of AI in workplaces. It includes a critique from a New York Times author who questions the significance of AI in improving mundane tasks like email writing. The script then presents Elon Musk's perspective on AI's potential role in aligning with human will and purpose, suggesting that AI could serve to fulfill human desires, even in seemingly trivial pursuits like using Tinder.

20:05

🔧 The Engineering Challenge of Creating Humanoid Robots

The script discusses the engineering challenges in developing humanoid robots, particularly the complexity involved in creating functional and dexterous hands. It compares the global vehicle production capacity to the potential scale of humanoid robot production, suggesting that the utility of humanoid robots could drive annual production into the billions. The conversation with Elon Musk explores the importance of the hand's role in human intelligence and manipulation of the world, and how reengineering this aspect into robots like Tesla's Optimus is crucial for their success.

25:07

🌐 The Future of Communication and AI Safety

In this final segment, the script contemplates the future of human-computer communication, with a focus on Neuralink's potential to increase the data rate between humans and AI, which could improve alignment and safety. It discusses the limitations of current human output rates and the need for higher data rates to maintain a meaningful connection with advanced AI systems. The potential of Neuralink and other technologies to enhance human capabilities and ensure AI safety is highlighted, ending with a reflection on the importance of human will in guiding AI development.

Keywords

💡Amazon Rainforest

The Amazon Rainforest is the world's largest tropical rainforest, known for its rich biodiversity and ecological importance. In the video's context, it is mentioned as the location where Lex Fridman had an experience that broadened his horizons, indicating a transformative journey that likely influenced his perspective on the topics discussed in the podcast.

💡Neuralink

Neuralink is a company focused on developing brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). The script refers to Neuralink as a groundbreaking technology that has enabled 'patient zero', the first human cyborg, to interact with computers through brain surgery, illustrating the convergence of humans and technology.

💡Quadriplegic

A quadriplegic is a person who has paralysis affecting all four limbs, often due to spinal cord injury. The script mentions a quadriplegic individual who, with Neuralink's help, can play games and potentially stream, showcasing the potential of BCIs to restore or enhance capabilities in individuals with disabilities.

💡Bits per second (BPS)

Bits per second (BPS) is a unit of measurement for data transfer rates. The script uses this term to compare the data transfer capabilities of the first Neuralink patient to the average person, highlighting the efficiency of brain-computer interaction.

💡Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

A Brain-Computer Interface is a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device. The script discusses BCIs as a means for individuals to control computers with their thoughts, like 'telepathy', which is a significant theme in the video about enhancing human capabilities.

💡Humanoid Robots

Humanoid robots are designed to resemble the human body in appearance and movement. The script discusses the potential of combining brain-computer interfaces with humanoid robots like Tesla's Optimus, suggesting a future where human thought can control robotic actions.

💡Tesla Optimus

Tesla Optimus is a concept for a humanoid robot that can perform tasks with a level of dexterity and intelligence comparable to humans. The script speculates on the implications of integrating such robots with advanced AI and BCIs, indicating a significant step towards a more automated and efficient society.

💡AI Safety

AI Safety refers to the field of study focused on ensuring that artificial intelligence is developed and used in ways that are beneficial to humans. The script touches on this concept when discussing Neuralink's potential role in aligning human will with AI, emphasizing the importance of responsible AI development.

💡Data Rate

Data rate, in the context of BCIs, refers to the speed at which information is exchanged between the brain and a computer. The script suggests that increasing the data rate could improve the alignment between humans and AI, reflecting on the importance of communication speed in human-AI interaction.

💡Optimus Pro

Optimus Pro is a hypothetical advancement on the Tesla Optimus concept, suggesting a future version that could learn and generate vast amounts of data from interacting with the real world. The script uses this term to illustrate the potential scale and impact of data collection by such robots.

💡Formula 1

Formula 1 is a high-speed motor racing competition, often used as a metaphor for competition in various fields. In the script, it is used to compare the factors contributing to success in AI development, like the importance of training compute and human talent, to the importance of a fast car and a skilled driver in racing.

Highlights

Lex Fridman's experience in the Amazon rainforest and his subsequent podcast with Elon Musk discussing Neuralink.

Introduction of 'patient zero', the first human cyborg with Neuralink, demonstrating the potential of brain-computer interfaces.

The first clinical trial participant of Neuralink achieving a 9.51 BPS score in a clicking game, showcasing the capabilities of brain-computer interaction.

Comparison of human performance in clicking games with the capabilities of the Neuralink patient, highlighting the potential of brain over hand control.

Elon Musk's vision for the future of brain-computer interfaces and their efficiency compared to traditional input methods.

The potential impact of combining Neuralink with humanoid robots like Tesla Optimus for rapid data transfer and enhanced interaction.

Dr. Jim Fan's perspective on the top three robotic developments, including Nvidia's Project Groot and its implications for AI.

The importance of hands in robot development and the engineering effort invested in creating dexterous robotic hands.

Nvidia's open-sourcing of projects like robo卡萨 and mimic gen, indicating a trend towards collaborative AI and robotics development.

The role of humans in training robots through tasks that require dexterity and the potential for non-experts to contribute to AI development.

The economic implications of humanoid robots on labor and the potential shift in how tasks are performed and valued.

Insider investment in AI technology despite public skepticism, suggesting a belief in the long-term value of AI advancements.

Examples of AI achievements, such as Google DeepMind's performance at the IM mo math competition, countering claims of AI hype.

The role of AI in material synthesis, with Google's AI discovering new materials at a rate far exceeding human capabilities.

Elon Musk's thoughts on the future of AI and its potential alignment with human will through increased data rates and communication.

The concept of 'play to win' in AI development, emphasizing the need for the most powerful training compute and rapid improvement.

Musk's insights on the importance of real-world data for AI training, and the potential of Tesla's Optimus robots as data sources.

Challenges and considerations in scaling humanoid robot production, drawing parallels with the automotive industry's production capabilities.

The intricate engineering of robotic hands, their significance in the overall development of humanoid robots, and their comparison to human anatomy.

Neuralink's potential contribution to AI safety by enhancing the data rate between humans and AI, facilitating better alignment and understanding.

Transcripts

so Lex fredman recently went to the

Amazon rainforest had quite an

experience as far as we can tell and

after community of Nature and up

broadening his Horizons comes back and

does a podcast with Elon Musk that is

close to 9 hours long now a portion of

that is him talking to the various

people behind neuralink including

patient zero the first ever human cyborg

this is the person that this is the

first human patient of neuralink the

person that had brain surgery to get

neuralink installed he's quadriplegic

but but with the help of New link is

able to Interac with computers play

games like Civilization Mario Kart Etc

and potentially even do some streaming

in one of my earlier videos we took a

look at web grid so this is kind of

neural links little game that this first

clinical trial participant plays and

anybody can play it you can click Start

game and play it yourself and basically

he tracks how quickly you can click on

things so how accurately how quickly he

achieved a score of 9.51 BPS bits per

second for reference here's my score

13.41% second but I'm doing this on a

huge curved monitor with my Naga Razer

Mouse and I've played a first-person

shooter or two in the past now if you're

a 15-year-old kid playing these games

you're probably going to have a much

higher score but just for reference this

probably somewhere near the top 10 20%

of adult clickers let's say I'll leave a

link if you want to try yourself post

your score down below but his was 9.51

meaning that I'm maybe 40% faster SL

more accurate than someone that doesn't

have the use of his hands someone that

had to learn a brand new way of

interacting acting with the computer by

using his brain Powers basically

telepathy to aim and click that's

important to understand he's not using

his eyes to look at objects that's not

how it's controlled it's a whole new

different thing he describes it kind of

like the force from Star Wars you think

about it and then the cursor moves now

that's a sort of a small neural network

AI model that kind of is trained there's

different types of it and it picks up on

your brain waves to move the mouse

around so it's a brand new way of

interacting with a computer so this

person as an adult just within the last

year plus that he that he's had this

learned how to do this and he is beating

probably a good chunk of the human

population using their hands and a mouse

he's doing incredibly well at that all

things considered as the models improve

in how they track our brain waves to

click on the right stuff as the

researchers keep working with him to

improve the model as he keeps getting

better as the hardware keeps better

there might be a hardware limitation for

this I think it's very conceivable that

within the short foreseeable future we

will see brain computer interfaces that

are much better and much more efficient

at interacting computers than anything

we've had prior keyboards mice touchpads

voice interfaces all of that will seem

slow outdated very quickly we'll hear

from Elon Musk as to what he thinks

about where this is going it's

fascinating to hear but also we have to

take a look at what this kind of

technology means for humanoid robots for

example the Tesla Optimus what happens

when you kind of combine those two

technologies you have a humanoid robot

and you also have a brain chip capable

of very very rapidly transferring data

between your brain the big ball of

protein and fat floating in your cranium

between that and any computer like this

robot for example what does that mean

it's kind of mind-blowing to think about

it and Elon Musk will explain where this

is going now he's not the only one

that's swimming in this direction here's

Dr Jim fan in nidia's senior AI

researcher to me I would say the top

three most exciting robotic developments

right now are one Nvidia Project Groot

and everything that basically Nvidia is

cooking up very curious to see how

figure O2 how well that will perform

we're going to be seeing the release of

figure 2 I believe they said August 6th

notice the differences between figure

one and left figure two the new and

improved version with the fingers and

the Palms the hands if you think about

what proportion of resources and

engineering power and just effort is put

into these robots what percentage would

you say goes into the hands versus the

rest of the body versus the the battery

the power the vision the the brain quote

unquote the neural network Etc what

portion of developing something like

that do you think is just getting the

hand right is it 5% 10 20 the answer

might surprise you but notice with Dr

Jim fan project Groot we're beginning to

see a continuation of this pattern so

they're using Apple Vision Pro to do

what to basically control the robot to

generate various data this is sometimes

referred to as a Telly operation Dr Jim

fan here is saying till operation is

slow and timec consuming but we can't

afford to collect a small amount of data

so this is their way to collect data for

training the robots for improving their

abilities and in this video we'll take a

look at what Elon Musk thinks about this

approach and how it may be the same or

different to how they're training how

they're approaching this how they're

approaching this situation with t TLA

Optimus Nvidia is open sourcing some of

these very projects like rooc Casa and

mimic gen which is for robotic arms but

they'll also have another version for

humanoid and FiveFinger hands so this

idea of some sort of an overlap between

machine and humans is becoming closer

right brain computer interfaces

something like the Apple Vision Pro some

sort of a VR Vision that allows you to

see through the eyes of the robot either

to control it but also to help train how

to do certain things to gather data for

its training this will be becoming more

and more of a thing earlier this year

Brad atock and the figure robots so

they're in the Bay Area over there San

Francisco and the surrounding areas they

were hiring people to help them train

robots and I don't mean PhD AI

researchers I mean just people that were

pretty good with their hands had some

you know dexterity and stuff like that

if any of you listening maybe want to

get into the field of AI SL Robotics and

by the way those two fields are really

beginning to see a huge overlap getting

into into doing something like this

might be a great way to get your foot in

the door whether that's at figure Nvidia

any of the other robot startups that are

going to be popping up it's a relatively

new field like who can claim 20 years of

experience of controlling robots through

some sort of a virtual reality headset

probably not too many and at the same

time as Brad atock is saying here only

recently has time opened a window of

opportunity to scale billions of

intelligent humanoid robots this was not

feasible 5 years ago we fortunate to be

in 2024 the first year in history when

this is possible life is about to turn

into a sci-fi film robots fundamentally

change how we view labor a lot of any

country's economic power you need

laborers you need people working and

doing stuff right we need people

installing microwave ovens custom

kitchen deliveries we people moving

refrigerators moving these color TVs

right we can't have just everyone play

the guitar on the MTV I didn't know this

but this song Money for Nothing by Dire

apparently the lead singer was in some

electronic store in New York that had

TVs and refrigerators and MTV was

playing a music video of somebody

playing the guitar and one of the Dock

Workers one of the people working in the

store the delivery person this kind of

gruff New Yorker he basically was

complaining about the people being able

to live their life like that not knowing

he was right next to one of the people

that did that that that was their life

they were a rock star and I didn't know

this but these lyrics are literally his

Ty raade the store worker basically

complaining and yelling and I've deleted

some of the more offensive Parts here

but this is just him going off about the

rock stars and how they don't do any

work while he has to install and move

refrigerators I apologize for my ADHD

moment but I just love the fact that he

heard somebody just talking crap about

him just jotted down there at the store

exactly what he was saying and then just

saying it making it into a song that

probably made him some Untold Millions I

don't know something very poetic about

that in other news there's a lot of uh

kind of mainstream news I guess you can

say talking about how AI is just hype

and it's a bubble it's about to burst

it's over it's done it's BS as they say

I think this was a great way of putting

it people on the outside are saying AI

is all hype what are the people on the

inside doing very often times in

investing for example people keep close

track on what insiders are doing if

you're close to a company you have some

potentially Insider information and of

course there's laws about how you're

able to trade on that or whatever but a

lot of people pay attention to what

insiders are doing with the idea that

they probably know more than the people

on the outside the guy that's running

the hedge fund and meets with the CEOs

and the CFOs of a particular company

probably knows a lot more about where

the company's heading than some reporter

that's covering that and 30 other topics

and what the Insiders are doing is

they're doubling down the new Nvidia

thing that was announced the Blackwell

we've covered in the previous video but

notice this line right here Google for

example has ordered more than 400 ,000

GB 200 chips said the two people who

work on the chip that could be worth

well north of 10 billion and they don't

even know when they're going to get them

Google by the way has their own chips

the TPU the tensor processing unit and

is on Pace to spend about 50 billion

this year on chips and other equipment

property up more than 50% from last year

meta also is doing that Microsoft is

also doing that and as you see in a

second Ela musk is also doing that and

other things that are really showing

that they have no signs of stopping you

know here's New York Times saying press

pause on the Silicon Valley hype machine

right so not press pause on AI but press

pause on the hype machine and a little

picture of somebody walking head first

into a wall I'm guessing this is I'm not

sure what this is supposed to be but a

graph plateauing and a cup that says

Chad

gbt and the author is claiming that

we're not sure if AI is too stupid or

unreliable to ever be useful she gives

an example where Sam Alman promised to

unveil stuff that feels like magic but

it was just a routine update that makes

Chad gbt cheaper and faster this is not

true I'm not sure if she's trying to

deceive people or is uninformed but this

is not correct the thing that Sam Alman

was referring to was of course the

advanced voice mode which is as if

you've seen some of the clips is fairly

mindblowing I was laughing very hard at

some of its Antics does a baby computer

call its father what does a baby

computer say to its

father what

data see the old chat gbt what it would

do is it would translate my voice into

text and then feed that text into gbt 4

and there's a lot that gets Lost in

Translation when you do that because the

translation software is like kind of

dumb and so gbd4 because it could only

read the text was only getting like kind

of a compressed faximile of all the all

the nuances of what I what I had just

said that is a very important point that

I think a lot of people missed before

voice mode was just Underneath It All it

was it was just text it created the

answer in text and then another model

would read that text when you said

something it would convert your voice to

text and it would read that text to

itself to understand it and as I'm sure

you're aware a big part of our

communication isn't just the words right

the things that are captured in text

it's also tone of voice the inflection

the emotion we put into the voice a

million other things that could change

the meaning of what we're saying that

doesn't get captured when you just

transcribe the thing you just said and

of course when the AI model just reads

the text back to you it also misses tons

of potential little nuances of

communication they're just lost when

that happens the new omn model is

trained on all of it together it's

integrated Omni is the gbt 4 o the O is

Omni and Omni means all it's all of it

in one the routine update that makes

Chad GPT cheaper and faster if you click

on this this is The Verge so this is

open AI releases GPT 40 a faster model

it's free for all Chad GPT users this

completely misses the point of all of

this by the way since then we've also

had GPT 40 mini which is a huge leap

forward because we're getting the

capabilities of what a year ago two

years ago were these top-of-the-line

Frontier models at a fraction of the

cost they're much more efficient they're

cheap cheaper they're they're less

energy intensive but the point is while

the people reporting on AI from the

outside are saying that it's all fake

it's all hype but can't do anything at

the same time all the Insiders are

putting tons of money into acquiring the

necessary resources to continue

developing it so who's right who's wrong

do you think all these companies like

Microsoft Google meta open a Tesla XI

Etc do you think they're all going to go

bankrupt within the next 5 to 10 years

because they bet on some hype cycle of

AI that will never amount to anything if

I was a betting man I'd be betting on

musk and Corp and Jensen and Zuckerberg

Demi sabis and SAA nadela they don't

strike me as foolish people or do you

think that AI is most likely going to

end up like the Roomba the mediocre

vacuum robot that does a passable job

when you're home alone but not if you're

expecting guests by the way Google deep

mine recently used their AI models to

achieve a silver Metal Standard at the

IM mo one most prestigious worldwide

mathematics competition and by the way

saying it's got the silver medal I think

is kind of understating it because had

it gotten just one more point that would

have been gold it was one point away

from getting the top award at the top

math competition in the world and of

course Nvidia post their research where

Eureka it's their kind of system that's

built around GPT 4 when creating reward

programs for trading robots in

simulation in this case getting them to

do these pen spinning tricks well it

outperforms expert human written ones on

more than 80% of the tasks so these are

expert humans who write this code for a

living GPT 4 with a few modifications

beats 80% of them so AI is top 10 top

15% of worldclass human solving math

problems it's better than 80% of expert

level humans writing code for training

robots and as of last year Google demmin

was autonomously able to discover and

reproduce a massive amounts of new

neverbe seen materials this blue circle

is human experimentation this is how

much we were able to create using our

abilities and here's gnome or I guess

you would say gome right 20 times the

amount roughly the AI Model come comes

up with potential recipes for these

materials and then this little robot

that's sitting in a blast proof cage is

uh you know trying to recreate them as

as block post puts it the autonomous lab

created new recipes for Crystal

structures and successfully synthesized

more than 41 new materials opening up

new possibilities for Aid driven

material synthesis the New York Times

author here continues saying but in

workplaces where quality matters AI may

not make significant inroads one of her

big concerns is that a generation of the

brightest Math and Science Minds will be

spent on incremental improvements in

mediocre email writing what do you think

is she right or do you think that this

generation's brightest Math and Science

Minds will in fact be AI let me know in

the comments here's Elon Musk my name is

Wes rth and thank you for watching I

mean if the AI can communicate at

terabits per second and you're

communicating at you know bits per

second yeah it's like talk to a tree

well it is a very interesting question

for a super intelligent species what use

are humans I think there is some

argument for humans as a source of will

will will yeah source of the will or

purpose so if if you consider the human

mind as being essentially the there's

the Primitive limic Elements which

basically even like reptiles have and

there's the cortex the thinking and

planning part of the brain now the

cortex is much smarter than the limpic

system and yet is largely in service to

the lyic system it's trying to make the

lyic system happy I mean the sheer

amount of compute that's gone into

people trying to get laid is insane um

without the without actually seeking

procreation they're just literally

trying to do this sort of simple motion

and they get a kick out of it yeah so

this uh simple which in the abstract

rather absurd motion which is sex uh the

cortex is putting a massive amount of

compute into trying to figure out how to

do that so like 90% of distributed

compute of the human species is spent on

trying to get laid probably like large

perent yeah yeah there's no purpose to

most sex except uh hedonistic you know

it's just sort of Joy or whatever DOP

mean release um now what once in a while

it's procreation but for humans it's

mostly modern humans is mostly uh

recreational um and uh and so so so your

cortex much smarter than your lmic

system is trying to make lmic system

happy because lipic system wants to have

sex so um or want some tasty food or

whatever the case may be and then that

that is then further augmented by the

tertiary system which is your phone your

laptop iPad whatever you know all your

Computing stuff that's your tery layer

so you're actually already a cybor you

have this tertiary compute layer which

is in the form of your your computer

with all the applications all your

computer devices and uh and so in the

getting laid front there's actually a

massive amount of comp of digital

compute also trying to get laid you know

with like Tinder and whatever you know

yeah so the compute that we humans have

built is also participating yeah I mean

there's like gws of compute going into

getting late of digital compute yeah

what if AI was this is happening as we

speak if we merge with AI it's just

going to expand the compute that we

humans use pretty much to try to it's

one of the things certainly yeah yeah

but what I'm saying is that that yes

like what's is there a use for humans um

well there's this fundamental question

of what's the meaning of life why do

anything at all um and so if if if our

simple Olympic system provides a source

of will to do something um that then

goes to our cortex that then goes to our

you know tertiary compute layer then I

don't know it might actually be that the

AI in a benign scenario is simply trying

to make the human living system happy

plot what your neurons are doing is

distilling the concepts down to a small

number of symbols of of say syllables

that I'm speaking or key strokes

whatever the case may be so uh that

that's a lot of what your brain

computation is doing now there is an

argument that that's actually a healthy

thing to do or a helpful thing to do

because as you try to compress complex

Concepts you're perhaps forced to

distill the you know what is what is

most essential in those Concepts as

opposed to just all the fluff so in the

process of compression you distill

things down to what matters the most

because you can only say a few things so

that is perhaps helpful and you've also

said play to win or don't play at all so

yeah what does it take to win for AI

that means you've got to have the most

powerful training compute and your the

the rate of improvement of training

compute has to be faster than everyone

else or you will not win you your AI

will be worse so how can grock let's say

three that might be available what like

next year well hopefully end of this

year grock 3 for Lucky yeah how can that

be the best llm the best AI system

available in the world how much of it is

a compute how much of it is Data how

much of it is like post training how

much of it is the product that you

package it up in all that kind of stuff

I mean they will matter it's sort of

like saying what what you know let's say

it's a Formula 1 race like what matters

more the car or the driver I mean they

both matter um if if if you're if a car

is not fast then you know if it's like

let's say it's half the horsepower of

your competitors the best driver will

still lose on if it's twice the

horsepower then probably even a mediocre

driver will still win so the training

computer is kind of like the engine how

many this power of the engine so you

really you want to try to do the best on

that and you then um then how

efficiently do you use that training

compute and how efficiently do you do

the inference the use of the AI so

obviously that comes down to human

Talent um and then what unique access to

data do you have uh that's also plays a

plays a role you think Twitter data will

be useful yeah I mean I think I think

most of the leading AI companies already

have already scraped uh all the Twitter

data I know I think they have um so I

don't on a go forward basis what's

useful is is is the fact that it's up to

the second you know that's the because

it's hard for them to scrap in real time

so there's there's a an immediacy

advantage that Gro has already I think

with Tesla and the realtime video coming

from several million cars ultimately

tens of millions of cars with Optimus

there might be hundreds of millions of

Optimus robots maybe billions learning a

trous amount from The Real World uh

that's that's the the biggest source of

data I think ultimately is is sort of

Optimus Pro Optimus is going to be the

biggest source of data because it's

because reality scales reality scales to

the scale of reality um it's actually

humbling to see how little data humans

have actually been able to accumulate um

really say how many trillions of usable

tokens have humans generated where on a

non- duplicative like discounting spam

and repetitive stuff it's not a huge

number you run out pretty quickly and

Optimus can go so Tesla cars can are un

have to stay on the road uh Optimus

robot can go anywhere there's more

reality off the road and go off road I

mean like the Optimus robot can like

pick up the cup and see did it pick up

the cup in the right way did it you know

say pour water in the cup you know did

the water go in the cup or not go in the

cup to spill water or not yeah um simple

stuff like that I mean but it can do at

that at scale times a billion you know

so generate use useful data from reality

So Co cause and effect stuff what do you

think it takes to get to mass production

of humanoid robots like that it's the

same as cars really I mean Global

capacity for vehicles um is about 100

million a year and uh it it could be

higher just that the demand is on the

order of 100 million a year and then

there's roughly 2 billion vehicles that

are in use in some way so which makes

sense like the the life of a vehicle is

about 20 years so at steady state you

can have 100 million Vehicles produced a

year with a 2 billion vehicle Fleet

roughly um now for humanoid robots the

utility is much greater so my guess is

humanoid robots are more like at a

billion plus per year but you know until

you came along and started uh building

Optimus it it was thought to be an

extremely difficult problem I mean still

extremely difficult it's no walk in the

park I mean Optimus currently would

struggle to have to walk in the park I

mean it can walk in a park park is not

too difficult but it will be able to

walk um over a wide range of terrain

yeah and pick up objects yeah yeah I can

already do that but like all kinds of

objects yeah yeah foreign objects I mean

pouring water in a cup is not trival cuz

if you don't know anything about the

container could be all kinds of

containers yeah there's going to be an

immense amount of engineering just going

into the hand yeah the hand might be it

might be close to half of all the

engineering in the in Optimus from an

electromechanical standpoint the hand is

probably roughly half of the engineering

but so much of the intelligence so the

intelligence of humans goes into what we

do with our hands yeah the manipulation

of the world manipulation of objects in

the world and intelligent safe

manipulation of objects in the world

yeah yeah I mean you start really

thinking about your hand and how it

works you know I do all the time the

sensory in control of munculus is we

have humongous hands yeah so I mean like

your hands the actuators the muscles of

your hand are almost overwhelmingly in

your forearm so your forearm has the has

the muscles that that actually control

your hand um there there's a there's a

few small muscles in the hand itself but

your hand is really um like a skeleton

meat puppet and and and with cables that

so the muscles that control your fingers

or in your forearm and they go through

your the carpal tunnel which is like

you've got a little collection of Bones

and in a tiny tunnel that the that these

cables the tendons go through and those

tendons are what um mostly what move

your hands and something like those

tendons has to be reengineered into the

Optimus in order to do all that kind of

stuff yeah so like the current Optimus

um we tried putting the actuators in the

hand itself then you you sort of end up

having these like giant hands yeah giant

hands that look weird yeah and then they

they don't actually have enough degrees

of freedom and or enough strength so so

you realize okay that's why you got to

put the actuators in the Forum and and

just like a human you got to run cables

uh through a narrow tunnel to operate

the the fingers do you think neurolink

is in your view the the best current

approach we have for AI safety it's an

idea that may help with AI safety um

certainly not I wouldn't want I would

wouldn't want to claim it's like some

Panacea or that's a sure thing but I

mean many years ago I was thinking like

well what what would inhibit alignment

of human Collective human will with uh

artificial intelligence and the low data

rate of humans especially our our slow

output rate um would necessarily just

because it's such a because the

communication is so slow would diminish

the link between humans and computers

like the more you are a tree the less

you know what the tree is like let's say

you you look at a tree you look at this

plant whatever and like hey I'd really

like to make that plant happy but it's

it's not saying a lot you know so the

more we increase the data rate that

humans uh can intake and output then

that means the better the higher the

chance we have in a world full of agis

yeah we could better align Collective

human will with the AI if the output

rate especially was dramatically

increased