Graph Data Modeling | Neo4j Tutorial Lecture 3

AmpCode
31 Jul 202316:24

Summary

TLDRこのビデオスクリプトでは、グラフデータベースとリレーショナルデータベース、NoSQLデータベースの主な相違点と類似点を比較し、特定のユースケースでグラフデータベースがより適している理由を探求します。次に、グラフでのデータモデリングについて学び、問題をグラフに変換し、さまざまなノードと関係性を使って意味のある洞察を得る方法を解説します。ノードと関係性のプロパティ、ラベルの重要性、そしてグラフデータベースでのデータモデリングの最適化とクエリ言語Cypherの基本についても触れています。

Takeaways

  • 📚 このビデオでは、グラフデータベースとリレーショナルデータベース、NoSQLデータベースの主な相違点と類似点を学びました。
  • 🔄 グラフデータベースは特定のユースケースに適しており、データモデリングに重要な役割を果たします。
  • 🎯 グラフデータベースの目標は、ビジネスに価値を提供することにあります。
  • 📈 グラフモデリングは知識グラフを構築する際の非常に早い段階で、非常に重要なステップです。
  • 🌐 ノードと関係性はグラフデータベースの中心であり、意味のある洞察を得るためには重要な役割を果たします。
  • 🏷️ ラベルはグラフ内のノードをグループ化し、リレーショナルデータベースのテーブル名と同様の役割を果たします。
  • 🔄 ノードは1つまたは複数のラベルにタグ付けされ、これはデータの重複を避けるために重要です。
  • 🔗 関係性には特定の方向があり、これはグラフの読みやすさを高めるために重要です。
  • 📅 関係性にはプロパティを持ち、これによりグラフの豊かさとメタデータを増やすことができます。
  • 🤔 モデルを改善するためには、シンプルな質問に答えることでグラフを洗練させることができます。
  • 🛠️ グラフデータベースの最適化は、大規模なデータセットでの推薦システムのパフォーマンスを確保するために重要です。

Q & A

  • グラフデータベースとリレーショナルデータベース、NoSQLデータベースの主な違いは何ですか?

    -グラフデータベースは特定のユースケースに適しており、ノードと関係性を使ってデータモデルを構築します。リレーショナルデータベースはテーブルとリレーションシップを使ってデータを管理し、NoSQLデータベースはスキーマレスでスケーラブルな構造を持っています。

  • グラフデータベースでデータをモデル化する際の重要なステップは何ですか?

    -グラフデータベースでデータをモデル化する際の重要なステップは、目標を定めることです。これは、グラフ上で何を達成したいかを決定するプロセスです。

  • ソーシャルネットワークグラフの例は何を示していますか?

    -ソーシャルネットワークグラフの例は、異なるユーザーが様々な関係性でつながっていることを示しており、これらの関係性は自然なソーシャルネットワークグラフを形成します。

  • グラフデータベースでの推薦エンジンや詐欺分析はどのように役立つか説明してください。

    -グラフデータベースは、ユーザー間の関係性を使って推薦エンジンを作成したり、PII値を共有しているかどうかを確認して詐欺分析を行うことができます。

  • ノードと関係性はどのようにデータモデルを形成しますか?

    -ノードはエンティティを表し、関係性はそれらのエンティティ間の接続を表します。これらはデータモデルを形成し、問題解決や分析に使われます。

  • グラフデータベースにおけるラベル付きプロパティグラフモデルとは何ですか?

    -ラベル付きプロパティグラフモデルは、ノード、関係性、プロパティ、そしてラベルから成り立ちます。ラベルはノードをグループ化し、プロパティはノードや関係性に追加の情報を提供します。

  • ノードが1つまたは複数のラベルを持つことの重要性は何ですか?

    -ノードが1つまたは複数のラベルを持つことは、データの重複を避け、グラフデータベースのスケーラビリティと読みやすさを高めるために重要です。

  • 関係性の方向性はなぜ重要ですか?

    -関係性の方向性は、グラフの読みやすさと意味を定義するため重要で、例えば「住んでいる」関係性は人から場所へ、そして場所からは逆にはありません。

  • グラフデータベースにおける関係性にプロパティを追加することの利点は何ですか?

    -関係性にプロパティを追加することで、トランザクションデータのタイムスタンプのようなメタデータを格納し、グラフの豊かさと分析の深さを高めることができます。

  • モデルを改善するために質問に答える方法とは何ですか?

    -モデルを改善するために質問に答える方法は、初期のグラフ設計後、ユースケースに応じたシンプルな質問に答えることで、モデルを適切に調整し、意味のある洞察を得ることができます。

  • Cypherクエリ言語とは何で、SQLとどのように異なりますか?

    -Cypherクエリ言語はグラフデータベースに対するクエリ言語で、SQLと同様にデータを取得し分析するために使われます。しかし、Cypherはグラフ構造に特化しており、ノードや関係性に対するクエリを効率的に実行できます。

Outlines

00:00

📚 グラフデータベースのデータモデリング

この段落では、グラフデータベースとリレーショナルデータベース、NoSQLデータベースの比較から始め、グラフデータベースが特定のユースケースに適している理由について学びます。次に、グラフでのデータモデリングの方法と、問題をグラフに変換し、ノードと関係性を使って意味のある洞察を得る方法について説明します。また、ソーシャルネットワークグラフの例を通じて、グラフデータベースでの推奨エンジンや詐欺分析の実現方法についても触れています。

05:00

🏷️ ラベル付きプロパティグラフモデルの基礎

この段落では、ラベル付きプロパティグラフモデルの概念とその構成要素について詳しく説明しています。ラベルはリレーショナルデータベースのテーブル名に相当し、ノードをグループ化する役割を果たします。ノードはドキュメントとして捉えられ、プロパティ(キーバリューペア)によって特徴付けられます。また、ノードが1つまたは複数のラベルを持つことができるという柔軟性についても説明しています。

10:02

🔍 グラフデータベースの関係性と応用

この段落では、グラフデータベースにおける関係性の重要性とその方向性について説明しています。関係性はグラフの構造を提供し、グラフの可読性を高める要素です。さらに、関係性にプロパティを追加することで、トランザクションデータのタイムスタンプのようなメタデータを格納できると触れています。また、モデルの改善についても、シンプルな質問に答えることでグラフを洗練し、より意味のある洞察を得る方法を紹介しています。

15:03

🎬 推奨システムにおけるグラフの活用

最後の段落では、Netflixの推奨システムを例に、グラフがどのように巨大で複雑なデータセットを迅速かつ効果的に扱うかについて説明しています。推奨システムは、ユーザーの友達や友達の友達が購入した商品をもとに、リアルタイムでの推奨を行います。また、今後の講座ではCypherクエリ言語について学ぶことができると告知しています。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡グラフデータベース

グラフデータベースは、ノードと関係性を使ってデータの構造を表現するデータベースです。このビデオでは、グラフデータベースが特定のユースケースに適していると述べられており、ソーシャルネットワークグラフの例を通じて、どのように役立つかが説明されています。

💡データモデリング

データモデリングとは、データの構造や関係性を理解し、それをデータベースに表現するプロセスです。ビデオでは、グラフデータベースでのデータモデリングが、問題をグラフに変換し、ノードや関係性を使って意味のある洞察を得るために非常に重要であると強調されています。

💡ノード

グラフデータベースにおけるノードは、データのエンティティを表します。ビデオでは、ソーシャルネットワークグラフの例で、異なるユーザーがノードとして表され、それらが異なる関係性でつながっている様子が説明されています。

💡関係性

関係性は、グラフデータベース内のノード同士を結ぶ線で、特定の方向を持っていることを特徴としています。ビデオでは、「friends」や「married to」などの関係性があるユーザー間のつながりを例に挙げ、それらがどのようにグラフの意味を豊かにするか説明しています。

💡ラベル

ラベルは、グラフデータベース内のノードをグループ化するためのタグのようなもので、テーブル名に相当します。ビデオでは、異なるラベルを持つノードがどのようにグラフの構造を定義し、ノードの役割を示すかが説明されています。

💡プロパティ

プロパティは、ノードや関係性に関連する属性を表します。ビデオでは、ノードのプロパティとして人の名前や職種、関係性における作品のブランドや価格などがあると説明されています。

💡知識グラフ

知識グラフは、広範な情報を組み合わせたグラフデータベースの一種で、複雑な問いに対する答えを見つけるために使用されます。ビデオでは、知識グラフの構築がビジネスバリューを提供するために重要なステップであると強調されています。

💡偽造検出

ビデオでは、グラフデータベースがクレジットカードポートフォリオの不正行為の検出にどのように使用されているかについて説明しています。これは、グラフの関係性を使って不正行為を特定する例として提供されています。

💡推奨エンジン

推奨エンジンは、ユーザーの興味や過去の行動に基づいて商品やサービスを推薦するシステムです。ビデオでは、ソーシャルネットワークグラフを使って推奨エンジンがどのように動作し、ユーザーに意味のある推薦を提供するかが説明されています。

💡Cypherクエリ言語

Cypherは、グラフデータベースに対するクエリ言語で、SQLに似ていますがグラフ構造に特化しています。ビデオの最後では、次のレクチャーでCypherの紹介とその文法について学ぶことが示唆されています。

Highlights

讲座讨论了图数据库、关系数据库和NoSQL数据库之间的主要差异和相似性,并强调了图数据库在某些用例中的适用性。

介绍了数据建模与图的关系,以及如何将问题转化为具有不同节点和关系的图来获得有意义的洞察。

强调了确定使用图的目标和所需达成的目标是至关重要的。

通过社交网络图的例子,展示了如何通过图数据库获取推荐引擎和欺诈分析等有意义的洞察。

解释了知识图谱的概念及其在构建知识图时的重要性。

使用白板和标记来形象化地说明如何构建图模型。

展示了具有不同标签的简单图模型,如人、公司等,并说明了节点的属性。

讨论了在Neo4j图数据库中如何存储关系本身的不同属性。

介绍了标记属性图模型,包括节点、关系、属性以及标签的概念。

说明了标签如何帮助组织节点并避免数据重复。

通过信用卡欺诈检测的例子,展示了如何使用图数据库来识别欺诈活动。

解释了关系在图数据库中的重要性以及它们如何提供图的结构。

讨论了关系的方向性以及它如何使图更易于阅读和理解。

强调了关系也可以拥有属性,这增加了图的丰富性。

讨论了通过提出问题来细化图模型的过程。

通过社交推荐系统的例子,说明了如何通过图来推荐产品。

强调了图的规模和优化对于实现实时推荐系统的重要性。

预告了下一讲将介绍Cypher查询语言及其与SQL的相似性。

Transcripts

play00:00

hello and welcome back to the channel in

play00:02

the previous lecture we have seen all

play00:04

about the major differences and the

play00:06

similarities between graph databases

play00:08

relational databases as well as the

play00:11

nosql databases and how graph databases

play00:14

are more suitable for certain kind of

play00:16

use cases so in this lecture let's keep

play00:19

this discussion ahead and let's discuss

play00:22

about data modeling with graphs and how

play00:25

we can convert our problem into a graph

play00:29

with different kinds of nodes and

play00:31

relationships as well as they will have

play00:34

some purpose in the graph and how we can

play00:37

get a meaningful Insight out of those

play00:39

nodes and relationships so without

play00:41

further any do let's get into it so the

play00:45

first thing we need to discuss is what

play00:47

are our goals and what we need to

play00:49

achieve using the graphs so that would

play00:52

be very important so as you already know

play00:55

that we already communicate in graph let

play00:58

me explain you with a simple example so

play01:01

as we saw in our previous lecture we had

play01:04

some examples of a social network graph

play01:07

so as you can see we have a different

play01:10

users who are connected to each other

play01:12

with different relationships we have the

play01:15

different relationships like friends

play01:17

then married to then boss off and so on

play01:21

there are so many relationships between

play01:23

those users that forms natural social

play01:26

network graph and we can get meaningful

play01:30

insights like recommendation engine as

play01:32

well as fraud analytics by seeing if

play01:35

they share any pii values or whatever it

play01:38

is it totally depends on what you need

play01:40

to achieve using the graph databases

play01:42

because you will ingest the data but the

play01:45

insights are more important because at

play01:47

the end of the day you need to provide a

play01:49

value to your business so to do that

play01:52

graph modeling is a very early and the

play01:56

most crucial step in building the

play01:58

knowledge graph so as we say that

play02:01

Knowledge Graph is very wide board

play02:03

friendly

play02:04

so let me tell you with some simple

play02:07

example so if you have a problem and

play02:09

your team is has started discussing

play02:12

around and finding the solution for that

play02:15

problem so most of the team members will

play02:18

quickly go to the Whiteboard get the

play02:21

marker and start drawing the circles

play02:23

having the different entities and then

play02:26

connect it using the lines and so on to

play02:29

get and provide a solution to that

play02:31

problem so that is a simple graph that

play02:34

you can imagine because at the end of

play02:37

the day these nodes so this circles will

play02:39

represent a node and the lines that they

play02:43

have drawn between them will represent

play02:46

the relationship so this is how you can

play02:48

build a graph so as you can see with a

play02:51

simple example we have a graph model

play02:54

very simple graph model where we have

play02:56

different labels like person the company

play02:59

a and the company B so as you can see we

play03:02

have different properties in a person so

play03:05

you can see that this properties with

play03:08

this properties you can see a node as a

play03:11

one document so if you know about the

play03:14

nosql databases like the mongodb we have

play03:17

a record we don't have record we have a

play03:20

document as a record so record is

play03:23

present in the relational databases and

play03:25

the same we call it as a document in

play03:28

mongodb so mongodb document contains

play03:31

different kinds of key value pairs which

play03:33

has in this example like name H function

play03:36

similarly in the graph databases our

play03:39

node person has different properties

play03:42

properties means the key value pair so

play03:45

we have name of that particular person

play03:47

then the H as well as the function as

play03:50

well as we have the works in

play03:52

relationship between person to company a

play03:54

which denotes that this particular

play03:56

person Works in a company a and as you

play04:00

can see we have a Works in relationship

play04:02

goes from person to company a so that is

play04:06

the direction of that and it also has

play04:08

some properties present in its

play04:10

relationship so in neo4j graph database

play04:13

we can also store different properties

play04:16

in the relationship itself and as you

play04:18

can see the company a has different

play04:20

properties so that is also a specific

play04:22

document present in our graph and as you

play04:25

can see Company B is a client of company

play04:27

a so which means that there is a

play04:29

relationship between company A and B and

play04:31

the direction is from Company B to

play04:33

company a and as you can see client off

play04:36

also has some properties present okay so

play04:39

now let's talk about the labeled

play04:41

property graph model and we are going to

play04:43

see this throughout this tutorial so

play04:46

what it is that it is made up of

play04:49

different nodes

play04:50

relationships properties as well as the

play04:54

labels

play04:55

so let's discuss this with some simple

play04:57

example so as you can see we got a very

play05:00

small graph present so in our model we

play05:03

have different labels so label means you

play05:07

can relate it as a table name in the

play05:09

relational databases so labels Will

play05:12

Group all those nodes together so in

play05:15

this case person so we have different

play05:18

labels like person location accident car

play05:22

as well as the insurance so these all

play05:25

are the labels and we can have multiple

play05:28

nodes present for a particular label so

play05:31

we have person so person A B C all those

play05:35

nodes will have the same label so we can

play05:38

relate it as a documents so as you can

play05:41

see we got nodes and nodes contain some

play05:45

properties so nodes we can say it as a

play05:48

particular record as compared to the

play05:50

relational database as well as we can

play05:52

relate it to a document in a mongodb no

play05:55

C database so it is like a document

play05:58

which contains different kinds of key

play06:00

value pairs so key value pair means it

play06:03

will have the name as key and the name

play06:05

of that particular person so the person

play06:08

will have different key values like name

play06:10

as well as it could have like first name

play06:13

last name the occupation the salary etc

play06:16

etc so which will contain the attributes

play06:19

related to that particular person

play06:22

so similarly we will be having car so

play06:25

car has different brands as well as

play06:27

price tag to it and so other attributes

play06:30

related to a vehicle so those can be

play06:33

represented as a label in our graph so

play06:38

label will Define a suitable or certain

play06:42

role in our graph and as you can see

play06:45

here the next point is nodes can be

play06:48

tagged to one or more labels this is

play06:51

very important so you may ask like we

play06:54

cannot put car label to a particular

play06:56

person no I am not talking about this

play06:59

example but let's take an example of

play07:01

actors directors and all the movie data

play07:05

set so in our movie data set a

play07:07

particular actor could also be a

play07:09

director right many actors will be

play07:12

directors as well as producers and also

play07:15

they will be actors as well as they can

play07:17

have different roles in a particular

play07:19

movie so how we can relate this you

play07:22

cannot create duplicate nodes and give

play07:24

them different labels that will be mess

play07:27

up and you will be having duplicate data

play07:29

in our graph so let's say Tom Cruise has

play07:32

directed acted as well as produce one

play07:35

movie so you cannot create three Tom

play07:38

Cruise notes that will not make any

play07:41

sense right so it will have different

play07:43

labels so the first thing is Tom Cruise

play07:46

is a person before an actor right so it

play07:49

will have the label of a person the

play07:51

first label then it will have the label

play07:54

of the actor then it will be a producer

play07:57

as well as the Director so it will have

play07:59

different labels and it is very

play08:01

important to avoid these duplications in

play08:04

our graph this is a very simple example

play08:06

but as you go further and as per your

play08:09

use case it will make more sense so in

play08:12

my project we are leveraging graph

play08:14

databases to find a fraudulent

play08:17

activities in a credit card portfolio so

play08:20

we have different kinds of application

play08:22

locations like credit card applications

play08:23

URL applications and the business cards

play08:26

so to distinguish them it has the

play08:28

application label but it also has

play08:30

business card label for a business card

play08:32

application credit card label for credit

play08:35

card application to distinguish them and

play08:37

we have a different set of rules applied

play08:40

for those applications using the graph

play08:42

data science so to distinguish them

play08:44

labels will really help us to make our

play08:47

graph scalable because as we introduce

play08:50

different kinds of information having

play08:52

the different sorts of label to

play08:54

distinguish a particle record will

play08:57

really help us in the further

play08:58

implementations so that is very

play09:01

important also we have the relationships

play09:04

which connect the nodes and also it

play09:06

provides a structure to the graph so

play09:09

relationships are really important in

play09:11

the graph database and that is the

play09:13

reason graph databases are so popular

play09:15

and they are so much faster than other

play09:19

relational databases as well as no C

play09:21

databases so relationship has a certain

play09:25

direction it can't have no directions

play09:27

right it should have a specific

play09:30

Direction so in this case we have a

play09:33

person which has a lives at as well as

play09:35

the works at relationship between the

play09:38

location so person and the location has

play09:41

two relationships and it is pointing

play09:43

from person to the location because that

play09:46

makes sense location cannot be at person

play09:49

person should live at location so that's

play09:52

why the relationship direction is from

play09:54

person to the location and relationships

play09:58

that are really makes our graph more

play10:02

readable so as you can see by seeing in

play10:04

this graph it is very simple for a

play10:07

beginner as well to understand what is

play10:09

happening in our graph database we have

play10:11

different kinds of nodes and we have

play10:13

different relationships and they really

play10:16

make sense so as you can see person

play10:18

lives at a certain location but also

play10:21

person has witnessed some accident and

play10:23

that accident occurs at that location so

play10:26

this is the way the graph is getting

play10:28

connected and we can have like 2 degrees

play10:32

3 degrees as well as 10 degrees apart

play10:35

data which can provide a certain value

play10:38

and insight and many businesses can take

play10:41

certain important decisions so in the

play10:44

product recommendation cycle it is not

play10:46

very easy to recommend a product to a

play10:49

customer you need to check all the

play10:51

record like the order history of the

play10:53

customers as well as if that particular

play10:56

product has brought by some other users

play10:58

as well as other users preferences you

play11:01

need to dig a little bit deeper into

play11:04

that graph and apply your algorithms to

play11:07

recommend a certain product for a

play11:09

particular person and it happens in a

play11:12

real time and that is the power of the

play11:14

graph so because of the graph Embraces

play11:17

the relationships it provides the

play11:19

solution within seconds

play11:21

and also our last point is like notes

play11:24

relationship can also have some

play11:25

properties so it is very beneficial

play11:28

because let's say we have a

play11:30

transactional data present in our graph

play11:32

so if a transaction happens to a certain

play11:35

timestamp then we can store that

play11:37

timestamp into that relationship so

play11:40

account has some transactions so has

play11:43

transaction and in the hash transaction

play11:45

relationship we can track those

play11:47

timestamp so this will enhance the

play11:50

richness of our graph we can have more

play11:52

metadata in our graphs so that we can

play11:55

utilize that metadata or the extra

play11:57

information present in that relationship

play11:59

into the graph algorithm

play12:01

okay so the further step is also very

play12:04

important like refining our model using

play12:06

the questions so let's discuss it with

play12:09

some simple example so as you can see

play12:12

after we have just initially designed

play12:14

our graph we can refine it by answering

play12:17

some simple questions so it totally

play12:19

depends on what use case you have been

play12:21

working on whether it could be a social

play12:23

network graph or product recommendation

play12:25

system or a fraud analytics or money

play12:28

laundering system it could be anything

play12:30

so in this case we have a social

play12:32

recommendation system so as you can see

play12:35

in this figure we can search for the

play12:37

pattern of immediate friends as well as

play12:39

the friends of friends so we have like

play12:42

the different customers and they have

play12:44

the friends relationship between them

play12:46

and as you can see this customer on the

play12:49

right hand side has bought some product

play12:50

it has some classification as well so

play12:54

customer has bought some product and

play12:56

product has a classification and the

play12:58

type is headphones so that particular

play13:00

customer has bought some headphones so

play13:03

that product has properties like the

play13:06

type which is in-ear headphones as well

play13:09

as the brand and the cost of that

play13:11

product it doesn't matter so to solve

play13:13

our issue we can ignore that the

play13:16

immediate purchases of a customer so

play13:18

let's say if I bought something from

play13:20

Amazon then I can ignore it it is not

play13:23

like recommendation system in

play13:25

recommendation system if my friend or

play13:28

friend has bought something and I also

play13:30

search for that term then it will

play13:32

recommend that particular product which

play13:35

that friend of friend of mine has

play13:37

brought so that is how you need to

play13:40

refine your graph so that you can get

play13:42

some meaningful Insight out of it and it

play13:46

will happen eventually so in the Agile

play13:48

development as per the business

play13:50

requirement the new data and the

play13:53

attributes will come and your use case

play13:55

will change a bit so you have to refine

play13:58

that model by answering some simple

play14:00

questions because what you need to

play14:03

achieve is the most important thing

play14:05

while modeling your graph database

play14:12

so when we refine our model then it will

play14:15

have different kinds of labels as well

play14:18

as numerous relationships in our graph

play14:21

it will not be limited to this kind of

play14:23

limited information it will have a

play14:26

different customers it will have like

play14:28

subscription so if like particular

play14:30

customer has a Amazon Prime subscription

play14:32

then also the friend or friend or the

play14:36

immediate friend of that particular

play14:37

person will also get a recommendation to

play14:40

buy a Prime subscription so for example

play14:43

in the Netflix recommendation engine

play14:45

let's say if I saw some movie and I like

play14:49

a particular genre of the movies and

play14:52

also we have a particular person also

play14:55

likes movies from that particular genre

play14:57

and if I saw some new movie then that

play15:00

particular person will get recommended

play15:02

with the same movie because I saw that

play15:05

movie and that recommendation system

play15:08

will predict that that particular person

play15:10

can also like that movie so this is how

play15:14

the recommendation system works so this

play15:16

is a pretty huge graph because Netflix

play15:18

has millions of users and millions of

play15:21

users has millions of nodes so let's

play15:24

imagine how big that graph will be and

play15:27

how that recommendation system has to

play15:30

perform to give you the recommended

play15:32

movie within a second so that is the

play15:35

power of the graph and you have to also

play15:39

optimize that graph so in the next

play15:41

lecture we are going to talk about the

play15:43

cipher query language which is also very

play15:45

similar to SQL but SQL is used for the

play15:48

relational databases to fetch the

play15:49

particular data and do some analytics so

play15:52

similarly Cipher query language is used

play15:55

for the graph databases so I hope you

play15:57

like this lecture in this lecture we

play15:59

have seen all about what is a graph data

play16:02

model and how we need to build our graph

play16:05

ontology and also refine it on the way

play16:08

by asking simple question according to

play16:11

your use cases okay so this is not the

play16:13

end our next lecture is totally focused

play16:16

on querying graphs and we will have an

play16:18

introduction to Cipher and its syntax so

play16:21

stay tuned And subscribe to the channel

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Related Tags
グラフデータベースデータモデリングCypherノード関係性プロパティソーシャルグラフ推薦エンジン詐欺検出データサイエンス
Do you need a summary in English?