Ini Yang Terjadi Jika Indonesia Jadi Negara Federasi

PinterPolitik TV

11 Oct 202109:02

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the historical possibility of Indonesia as a federal state, referencing Sultan Hamid II's advocacy for a federation similar to the United States. It delves into the brief period from 1949 to 1950 when Indonesia was known as the Republic of the United States of Indonesia. The script explores the political dynamics of the time, including the influence of Dutch figures like Hubertus Johannes Van Mook, and the internal debates among Indonesian leaders and the Dutch. It raises speculative questions about what could have been if Indonesia remained a federation, suggesting potential parallels to the United States' federal system, including the strength of regional governments and the representation in a body similar to the U.S. Senate.

Takeaways

🕌 Sultan Hamid II apologized for the delay at the RI's 4th anniversary event in Amsterdam.
📜 Sultan Hamid II is known as 'The Federalist' and played a key role in advocating for a federal Indonesia.
🇮🇩 Indonesia was briefly a federal state called the Republic of the United States of Indonesia from 1949 to 1950.
⚔️ The federal structure was partly influenced by the Dutch and aimed at maintaining Dutch influence in Indonesia.
📖 Sultan Hamid II was involved in the APRA rebellion, which had ties to Dutch interests in maintaining control over Indonesia.
🤝 The concept of a federal Indonesia included 15 states, such as East Sumatra, East Indonesia, and Madura.
🏛️ The federal structure was proposed by Hubertus Johannes Van Mook, the Dutch Lieutenant Governor-General.
💬 The idea faced opposition both within Indonesia and among the Dutch, leading to the formation of the BFO (Federal Consultative Assembly).
🇺🇸 A hypothetical continuation of a federal Indonesia suggests potential fragmentation or a structure similar to the USA.
📚 The federal model was seen as a temporary measure to gain sovereignty, later transitioning to a unitary state for stronger unity.

Q & A

Who was Sultan Hamid 2 and what was his role in the early struggle for Indonesian independence?
-Sultan Hamid 2 was a significant figure in the early struggle for Indonesian independence, known by the nickname 'The Federalist.' He was one of the individuals who fought for the formation of Indonesia as a federal state, similar to the federal model of the United States of America.
What was the term used to describe Indonesia between 1949 and 1950?
-During the period between 1949 and 1950, Indonesia was known as a federal state called the 'Republic of the United States of Indonesia' or 'Republik Indonesia Serikat' in Indonesian.
What was the significance of the 'Republic of the United States of Indonesia' in the country's history?
-The 'Republic of the United States of Indonesia' represented a period where the country was structured as a federation, which was an important phase in the struggle for sovereignty and recognition from the Dutch.
What was the role of Hubertus Johannes van Mook in the formation of the federal state of Indonesia?
-Hubertus Johannes van Mook, a Lieutenant Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies during the Indonesian independence struggle, was one of the proponents of the federal state of Indonesia. He was instrumental in spreading the idea of federalism and was involved in the formation of several autonomous regions within the federal state.
What was the 'Federale Regering' and how did it relate to the federal state of Indonesia?
-The 'Federale Regering' was a proposed federal government for the federal state of Indonesia. It was part of the negotiations and discussions during the transition period known as the 'Era of the Puppet States' by the Dutch.
What was the 'BFO' and its significance in the formation of the federal state of Indonesia?
-The 'BFO' or 'Majelis Permusyawaratan Federal' was a Federal Consultative Assembly that represented the desire to establish a federal Indonesia. It played a crucial role in negotiations with the Dutch and was considered a key part of the discussions leading to the formation of the federal state.
What was the 'Konferensi Meja Bundar' and its role in the political landscape of Indonesia?
-The 'Konferensi Meja Bundar' or the Round Table Conference was a significant meeting where representatives from the Republic of Indonesia, the Dutch government, and the BFO negotiated the future of the country, eventually leading to the establishment of the federal state of Indonesia.
What were the potential consequences if Indonesia had remained a federal state?
-If Indonesia had remained a federal state, it could have led to a stronger decentralization of power, with provinces or states having significant authority. However, it might also have increased the risk of separatism, with some regions potentially choosing to become independent states.
How did the idea of a federal Indonesia compare to the actual formation of the United States of America?
-The idea of a federal Indonesia was influenced by the model of the United States of America, with a balance of power between the national government and state governments. However, the formation of the federal state in Indonesia was a result of Dutch colonial influence and negotiations, rather than a unified national desire from the outset.
What was the 'Republik Indonesia Serikat' and its constitutional status?
-The 'Republik Indonesia Serikat' or the United States of Indonesia was a federal state with its own constitution. It was a transitional form of government before Indonesia became a unitary state.
What are some of the key figures mentioned in the script who were involved in the discussions about the federal state of Indonesia?
-Key figures mentioned in the script include Sultan Hamid 2, Bung Hatta, Solichin Salam, and Hubertus Johannes van Mook, all of whom played significant roles in the discussions and formation of the federal state of Indonesia.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Historical Reflection on Indonesia's Federal Past

The script begins with an apology for the late introduction and references Sultan Hamid II's speech during the 4th Indonesian Independence Day celebration. It revisits the historical figure known as 'The Federalist,' who advocated for a federal model similar to the United States of America. The video script delves into the period between 1949 and 1950 when Indonesia briefly became a federation called the Republic of the United States of Indonesia. It touches on the complex political dynamics of the time, including the Dutch's intent to maintain influence and the involvement of figures like Westerling and Pangeran Bernard. The script also mentions the APRA rebellion and the political maneuvering that led to the establishment of a unitary state on August 17, 1950. It invites viewers to consider the hypothetical scenario of Indonesia remaining a federal state and its potential implications.

05:01

🌐 The Debate on Indonesia's Federal Structure

This paragraph continues the historical narrative, discussing the idea of Indonesia as a federation, which was a concept supported by various Indonesian groups and the Dutch. It mentions key figures like Bung Hatta and Hubertus Johannes Van Mook, who played significant roles in promoting the federal model. The paragraph outlines the formation of autonomous regions and the establishment of the Federal Government, which was a temporary measure during the Dutch-Indonesian negotiations. It also describes the Round Table Conference, which included representatives from the Republic of Indonesia, the Dutch government, and the Federal Consultative Assembly (BFO). The script speculates on the potential outcomes if Indonesia had continued as a federation, including the possibility of stronger regional governments and the challenges of maintaining unity amidst diverse regional development levels. It concludes with a call for viewers to share their thoughts on whether a federal system would have been better for Indonesia.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Sultan Hamid II

Sultan Hamid II, also known as The Federalist, was a historical figure in Indonesia who advocated for a federal system of government during the early struggle for independence. In the video, he is mentioned as a key proponent of the federal model, which is likened to the United States' federal system. His role is highlighted in the context of the historical debate over the form of government that Indonesia should adopt.

💡Federalism

Federalism is a political system in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states or provinces. The video discusses the idea of Indonesia adopting a federal system, similar to the United States, with Sultan Hamid II being one of the notable figures supporting this concept. The script mentions the period between 1949 and 1950 when Indonesia briefly became a federation named the Republic of the United States of Indonesia.

💡Republic of the United States of Indonesia

This term refers to the short-lived federal state of Indonesia that existed from 1949 to 1950. It was a result of the federalist ideas supported by figures like Sultan Hamid II and Bung Hatta. The video script uses this term to illustrate a historical period when Indonesia experimented with a federal system of governance before becoming a unitary state.

💡Historical Context

The historical context in the video refers to the period of Indonesia's struggle for independence and the debates over the country's political structure. The script discusses how the idea of a federal Indonesia was a response to Dutch colonial influence and the need for unity and recognition of sovereignty. It provides a backdrop for understanding the political decisions and the role of figures like Sultan Hamid II.

💡Dutch Colonial Influence

The Dutch colonial influence is a significant aspect of Indonesia's history, particularly during its struggle for independence. The video mentions how the Dutch aimed to maintain their influence over the archipelago, even after the country sought to establish its sovereignty. The concept of a federal Indonesia was partly a response to this colonial pressure, as a way to unify the diverse regions against Dutch control.

💡Pangeran Bernard

Pangeran Bernard is mentioned in the script as the husband of Queen Yuliana, who had ambitions to rule as a 'powerful owner' or 'Raja' over the Nusantara (the Indonesian archipelago). His involvement is tied to the broader narrative of power dynamics and the influence of foreign interests in shaping Indonesia's political landscape during its early years.

💡Hubertus Johannes Van Mook

Hubertus Johannes Van Mook was a Lieutenant Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies during the Indonesian independence struggle. The video script refers to him as one of the proponents of the federal state idea for Indonesia. His role is significant in the historical narrative of the federalism debate and the eventual formation of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia.

💡BFO (Federal Consultative Assembly)

The BFO, or Federal Consultative Assembly, was a body that represented the federal states of Indonesia during the negotiations with the Dutch. The video script describes it as a key part of the discussions that led to the formation of the federal state. It was seen as a representation of the desire to establish a federal Indonesia and played a crucial role in the Round Table Conference.

💡Round Table Conference

The Round Table Conference was a series of meetings between the Republic of Indonesia, the Dutch government, and the BFO to negotiate the transfer of sovereignty. The video script mentions this conference as a pivotal event in the transition from the federal state to a unitary republic, marking a significant shift in Indonesia's political structure.

💡Unitary State

A unitary state is a country governed as a single entity in which the central government holds supreme authority. The video script discusses the transformation of Indonesia from a federal system to a unitary state, which was seen as a way to strengthen the country's unity and sovereignty against external influences.

💡Pertamina

Although not explicitly mentioned in the provided script, Pertamina is the Indonesian state-owned oil and natural gas corporation, which is often associated with the country's economic development and sovereignty. It could be inferred from the context of discussing national unity and economic self-sufficiency.

Highlights

Sultan Hamid 2, known as The Federalist, was a key figure in the early struggle for Indonesian independence, advocating for a federal state similar to the United States.

Between 1949 and 1950, Indonesia briefly became a federation called the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, before becoming a unitary state in 1950.

The idea of a federal Indonesia was influenced by both Indonesian and Dutch perspectives, with figures like Bung Hatta and Sultan Hamid 2 supporting the model.

Hubertus Johannes Van Mook, a Lieutenant Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, was one of the proponents of the federal state idea for Indonesia.

Van Mook proposed the formation of a federal government, which led to the establishment of autonomous regions within the proposed federation, such as East Indonesia and others.

The Round Table Conference included representatives from the Republic of Indonesia, the Dutch government, and the Federal Consultative Assembly (BFO), which aimed to represent the desire for a federal Indonesia.

The BFO, which included 15 autonomous regions, was led by Sultan Hamid 2 at one point and laid the foundation for the United States of Indonesia.

The United States of Indonesia had its own constitution, but this ended with the formation of the unitary Republic of Indonesia.

The formation of a federal state was seen as a way to gain international recognition and sovereignty before potentially transitioning to a unitary state for stronger unity.

If Indonesia had remained a federation, the regions might have had more autonomy, similar to the states in the United States, with a stronger DPD (Regional Representative Council).

The potential for regions to develop differently under a federal system is noted, with some possibly becoming more advanced than others.

The federal model in the United States was formed to balance national and state government power, which may differ from Indonesia's situation where regions were shaped by Dutch colonialism.

The success of any state form depends on the society and leadership, with infrastructure and power distribution being key factors for effectiveness.

The video invites viewers to consider whether a federal system would be better for Indonesia and to share their opinions.

The video encourages viewers to subscribe, join as members for exclusive content, and purchase books from the mentioned publishing house.

The video concludes with a reminder for viewers to follow health protocols, wash their hands, and engage with the content by liking, subscribing, and turning on notifications.