KALA AZAR ELIMINATION PROGRAMME, JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS PROGRAMME | ANM1Y | Metro College of Nursing

Summary

The video script discusses Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis), a highly infectious disease prevalent in Indian states like Bihar, West Bengal, and Jharkhand. It explains the disease's symptoms, causes, and preventive measures, emphasizing the role of sandflies in transmission. The script also outlines government control programs, including rapid diagnostic kits, medication, and vector control measures. Additionally, it touches on Japanese Encephalitis, another mosquito-borne viral infection, detailing its symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention. The focus is on public health education, hygiene, and coordinated efforts to control and eliminate these diseases.

Takeaways

• 🦟 Kala-azar is a highly infectious disease known as Visceral Leishmaniasis, prevalent mainly in Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, and surrounding areas.
• 🦟 The primary vector for kala-azar is the sandfly, which is much smaller than a typical mosquito.
• 🤒 Symptoms of kala-azar include high fever, weakness, anemia, liver and spleen enlargement, loss of appetite, yellowing of the skin, and hair loss.
• 🛡️ Preventive measures include wearing full clothing, keeping the environment clean, avoiding stagnant water, and using insecticides.
• 🏥 The National Health Policy 2002 aimed to eliminate kala-azar by 2010, with full support from the central government for affected states.
• 🧪 Rapid diagnostic kits and appropriate medication, like Miltefosine, are essential for early diagnosis and treatment.
• 🔬 Controlling the sandfly vector is crucial to prevent the spread of kala-azar.
• 📺 Public health education through various communication channels is vital for raising awareness and changing behaviors.
• 🤝 Collaboration with public works departments and maintaining cleanliness can help control vector breeding sites.
• 🔍 Continuous monitoring, supervision, and evaluation of control programs are necessary to ensure their effectiveness.

Q & A

What is Kala-azar and how is it primarily transmitted?

Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is a vector-borne disease caused by the Leishmania parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female sandflies, primarily found in regions like Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, and their surrounding areas in India.

What are the primary symptoms of Kala-azar?

The primary symptoms of Kala-azar include high fever, weakness, anemia, weight loss, and a change in skin color to a yellowish hue. Other symptoms may include dry and scaly skin, hair loss, and enlargement of the liver and spleen.

How is the control of Kala-azar implemented in India?

The control of Kala-azar in India is implemented through the National Health Policy 2002, with an aim to eliminate the disease by 2010. The strategy includes early diagnosis and treatment, vector control, and public health education to prevent the disease.

What are the preventive measures for Kala-azar?

Preventive measures for Kala-azar include using insect repellent, wearing full clothing, especially during the evening when sandflies are most active, and maintaining cleanliness around water sources to prevent the breeding of sandflies.

What is the role of the National Health Policy 2002 in Kala-azar control?

The National Health Policy 2002 set a goal to eliminate Kala-azar by 2010. It involves support from the central government to states with high incidences of the disease, with strategies including early diagnosis, treatment, and vector control.

What is the significance of the Rapid Diagnostic Kit in Kala-azar diagnosis?

The Rapid Diagnostic Kit is crucial in the early diagnosis of Kala-azar, allowing for quick identification of the disease, which is essential for effective treatment and preventing the spread of the disease.

How is vector control implemented in the fight against Kala-azar?

Vector control in the fight against Kala-azar involves reducing the breeding sites of sandflies, such as eliminating stagnant water sources and maintaining cleanliness. It also includes the use of insecticides to control the sandfly population.

What are the challenges faced in the elimination of Kala-azar?

Challenges in the elimination of Kala-azar include the geographical spread of the disease, the need for continuous surveillance and monitoring, and the need for effective communication strategies to educate the public about prevention and control measures.

How does the script mention the importance of inter-departmental cooperation in disease control?

The script highlights the importance of inter-departmental cooperation by mentioning the need for collaboration between health departments, public works departments, and other relevant agencies to ensure effective disease control and prevention strategies.

What is the role of health education in preventing Kala-azar?

Health education plays a critical role in preventing Kala-azar by informing the public about the disease, its transmission, symptoms, and the importance of preventive measures such as using insect repellents and maintaining a clean environment.

How does the script discuss the monitoring and evaluation of Kala-azar control programs?

The script discusses the importance of monitoring and evaluation in Kala-azar control programs by emphasizing the need for regular assessments to identify any shortcomings in the implementation of control measures and to ensure the effectiveness of the program.