HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Life Noggin

15 Dec 201403:40

Summary

TLDRThis Life Noggin episode explores the history of the Internet, from its Cold War origins to the creation of ARPANET and the first email by Ray Tomlinson. It highlights the development of TCP/IP by Vint Cerf, Tim Berners-Lee's invention of the World Wide Web, and the evolution of web browsers like Mosaic and Netscape Navigator. The video also touches on the impact of dial-up internet access and the profound ways the Internet has transformed communication, information access, and daily life, including the humorous note that the first online purchase was a pizza.

Takeaways

🌐 The internet's origins trace back over 50 years ago, with early computers filling entire rooms and used for communication during the Cold War.
💡 In 1962, JCR Licklider proposed a network of computers that could communicate, laying the groundwork for interconnected computing.
🔗 1969 saw the first message sent over ARPANET, a government computer network, marking a milestone in digital communication.
📚 By the end of 1969, only four computers were connected to ARPANET, indicating the early, limited scope of the network.
📧 1971 was a pivotal year with the development of the first system for sending electronic mail, or email, by Ray Tomlinson.
🌐 The need for a universal communication protocol led to the invention of TCP and IP by Vinton Cerf, enabling global computer interaction.
🌐 The 1980s saw the use of TCP/IP for data transfer, but it was the 1990s that marked the true beginning of the internet as we know it.
🌐 In 1991, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, opening up a vast network of information accessible to anyone with an internet connection.
🖥️ 1992 introduced Herwise, the first internet browser with a graphic interface, followed by the influential Mosaic in 1993, which popularized web surfing.
📈 Netscape Navigator became the dominant web browser in 1994, capturing 90% of web usage, highlighting the rapid growth of internet adoption.
📞 The early 1990s also saw the rise of dial-up internet access provided by companies like AOL and CompuServe, using telephone lines for connectivity.

Q & A

What is the origin of the Internet?
-The Internet originated over 50 years ago with computers that filled up entire rooms, used by scientists and researchers for communication during the Cold War.
Why was the Internet useful during the Cold War?
-The Internet was useful because if one computer went down, the others wouldn't follow, ensuring continuous communication.
Who proposed the idea of a network of computers that could communicate with each other?
-JCR Licklider proposed the idea of a network of computers that could talk to one another in 1962.
What was the first-ever message sent over ARPANET and what was its outcome?
-The first-ever message sent over ARPANET was 'login', but it only transmitted the first two letters before the network crashed.
What does ARPANET stand for?
-ARPANET stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, which was the government's computer network at the time.
Who developed the first system for sending electronic mail on ARPANET?
-Ray Tomlinson developed the first system for sending electronic mail, which would later be known as email.
What is the significance of the '@' symbol in emails?
-The '@' symbol was used to distinguish a person's name from the host name in email addresses.
What invention by Vinton Cerf allowed computers across the globe to communicate with each other?
-Vinton Cerf invented the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), which allowed computers to communicate in a virtual space.
What was the first internet browser with a graphic interface?
-Herwise, created in 1992, was the first internet browser with a graphic interface.
Which browser became the most popular in 1994, accounting for 90% of web usage?
-Netscape Navigator became the most popular web browser in 1994, accounting for 90% of web usage.
How did companies like AOL and CompuServe provide internet access in the early 90s?
-Companies like AOL and CompuServe provided dial-up internet access via telephone lines, using a modem to connect.
What was the first item ever purchased on the Internet?
-The first item ever purchased on the Internet was a pizza.
What book is recommended for further learning about the Internet's history?
-The book 'Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet' is recommended for further learning about the Internet's history.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 The Birth of the Internet

This paragraph introduces the topic of the Internet's history, highlighting its origins over 50 years ago. It mentions the Cold War era when computers were large and used for communication, and the concept of a network of interconnected computers was proposed by JCR Licklider in 1962. The first message sent over ARPANET in 1969 and the subsequent growth of the network with the addition of the University of Hawaii's Aloha net and other international networks are also discussed. The paragraph sets the stage for the evolution of the Internet, including the invention of email by Ray Tomlinson and the development of protocols by Vinton Cerf that allowed global computer communication.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Internet

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that enables the exchange of information and data. In the video, it is highlighted as a crucial development over the past 50 years, starting with ARPANET and evolving into the modern-day web accessible to anyone with a connection. The script discusses how the Internet has transformed communication, information sharing, and even everyday activities like ordering pizza.

💡ARPANET

ARPANET, which stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, was the first network to implement packet switching and is considered the precursor to the modern Internet. The script mentions that the first-ever message was sent over ARPANET in 1969, marking a significant milestone in the history of the Internet.

💡JCR Licklider

JCR Licklider was a scientist who proposed the idea of a network of computers that could communicate with each other. His vision laid the groundwork for the development of the Internet. The video script references his contribution in the context of the early conceptualization of a computer network.

💡Ray Tomlinson

Ray Tomlinson is credited with developing the first system to send electronic mail, or email, between users of ARPANET. The script highlights his invention as a significant advancement in digital communication, which has since become an integral part of the Internet.

💡Vinton Cerf

Vinton Cerf is a computer scientist known for co-inventing the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), which are foundational protocols for the Internet. The video script discusses his role in enabling computers across the globe to communicate, which is essential for the functioning of the modern Internet.

💡TCP/IP

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, a set of communication protocols used on the Internet. The script explains that these protocols allow computers to introduce themselves to each other in a virtual space, facilitating the exchange of data across the Internet.

💡Tim Berners-Lee

Tim Berners-Lee is the inventor of the World Wide Web, which is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. The video script emphasizes his invention as a turning point that made the Internet accessible to the general public, transforming it from a data-sharing space for scientists into a global network of information.

💡Browsers

Browsers are software applications used to access and display information from the World Wide Web. The script mentions several popular browsers like Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari, and also discusses the historical significance of browsers like Mosaic and Netscape Navigator in popularizing web surfing.

💡Dial-up Internet

Dial-up Internet access is a method of connecting to the Internet via a telephone line. The script describes how companies like AOL and CompuServe provided dial-up access in the early 1990s, which was a significant step in making the Internet more accessible to the general public.

💡Information Sharing

Information sharing is a key function of the Internet, allowing users to access and disseminate data quickly and efficiently. The video script underscores the importance of the Internet in facilitating the rapid exchange of information, which has transformed how people communicate, learn, and share ideas.

💡Social Media

Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube are mentioned in the script as examples of services that would not exist without the Internet. These platforms are integral to modern communication and information sharing, demonstrating the Internet's impact on social interaction.

Highlights

The Internet's origins date back over 50 years ago with computers filling entire rooms.

During the Cold War, the Internet was crucial for communication to ensure continuity if one computer failed.

JCR Licklider proposed the concept of a networked computer system in 1962.

The first message sent over ARPANET in 1969 crashed the network after transmitting just 'login'.

By the end of 1969, only four computers were connected to ARPANET.

The University of Hawaii's Aloha net and other networks joined ARPANET in 1971.

Ray Tomlinson developed the first email system for ARPANET users in 1971, introducing the '@' symbol.

Vinton Cerf invented TCP/IP protocols, enabling global computer communication.

The 1990s marked the beginning of the Internet as we know it today.

Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1991, making information accessible to anyone with an Internet connection.

The first graphical web browser, Erwise, was created in 1992.

Mosaic, created in 1993, popularized web browsing and influenced future browsers.

Netscape Navigator became the most popular web browser in 1994 with 90% of web usage.

In the early 90s, companies like AOL and CompuServe began offering dial-up Internet access.

The Internet has revolutionized communication, information access, and global education.

The first item ever purchased on the Internet was a pizza.

Audible is offering a 30-day free trial and one free audiobook download for new users.

The book 'Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet' is recommended for further learning about the Internet.

Life Noggin encourages viewers to engage with their content on social media and watch new videos every Monday.