Como surgiu a INTERNET? Uma das tecnologias que mais utilizamos em nosso dia a dia! | Fala Cientista

Summary

This video explores the fascinating history of the internet, starting with its origins during the Cold War. It traces the development of ARPANET, the early network created by the US military, and the evolution of key technologies like TCP/IP that made modern internet communication possible. The story highlights the role of Tim Berners-Lee in creating the World Wide Web, introducing protocols like HTTP and HTML. From military data security to the global network we rely on today, the internet's journey is a tale of innovation and adaptation. A must-watch for anyone curious about how the internet came to be!

Takeaways

• 😀 The internet originated during the Cold War as part of the United States' response to the Soviet Union's technological advancements, particularly after the launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957.
• 😀 ARPANET, created in 1969 by the U.S. military, was the first network designed to securely transmit data across multiple locations in case of an attack.
• 😀 The initial version of ARPANET connected only four computers, each from different manufacturers, leading to the need for a standardized communication protocol.
• 😀 The first network protocol, NCP (Network Control Protocol), allowed these computers to communicate, though it was initially inefficient as the network grew.
• 😀 Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn developed the TCP/IP protocol in the 1970s, which became the foundational communication system for the internet as we know it today.
• 😀 The internet grew exponentially, leading to the need for separation of military and research networks, resulting in Milnet and NSFNET, and eventually forming the global internet.
• 😀 Tim Berners-Lee is credited with creating the World Wide Web (WWW) in the 1990s, introducing concepts like hyperlinks, hypertext, and the protocol HTTP.
• 😀 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) was developed alongside the WWW to structure web content, and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) enabled users to navigate between web pages.
• 😀 The internet today is a collection of interconnected networks, with the WWW being one of its most popular components, specialized in HTTP-based communication.
• 😀 The internet is primarily connected through underwater cables and satellites, making global communication fast and reliable, while different protocols like FTP and SMTP handle file transfers and emails.

Q & A

What was the primary purpose of ARPANET when it was created?

ARPANET was created during the Cold War as a military network to ensure that data could be backed up across different points in the United States, particularly to prevent data loss in case of a military attack on key bases.

How did ARPANET initially connect computers and what were some of the first computers involved?

ARPANET initially connected four computers at key research institutions. These included a Sigma 7 at the University of California, an SDS 90 at Stanford University, an IBM-360 at the Los Angeles Math Center, and a PDP-10 at a military base in Utah.

What problem arose from having different types of computers on ARPANET?

The main issue was that computers from different manufacturers, such as IBM, SDS, and DEC, could not communicate with each other directly due to differences in their languages and protocols.

What solution did researchers propose to address the communication issue between different computers on ARPANET?

Researchers at the University of California developed the Network Control Protocol (NCP), which allowed computers to communicate by speaking a common language, like how people from different countries can communicate in English.

How did TCP/IP improve upon NCP and help ARPANET grow?

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol) were developed to eliminate the limitations of NCP, such as the need to halt the network for each data transmission. These protocols allowed data to be sent more efficiently and made the network scalable, which contributed to the growth of ARPANET into the global internet.

What role did IP (Internet Protocol) play in the development of the internet?

IP provided a system for identifying computers on the network, which allowed them to communicate effectively. It played a key role in expanding ARPANET and laying the foundation for the modern internet.

How did the internet grow after ARPANET, and what did it become?

As ARPANET grew, it split into military, scientific, and commercial networks. These networks sought interconnectivity, leading to the creation of the 'internet' as a network of networks, which is the global system we use today.

What is the difference between the internet and the World Wide Web (WWW)?

The internet is a vast global network of networks, while the World Wide Web (WWW) is a specific sub-network within the internet, specialized in using the HTTP protocol for accessing and transferring web pages and documents.

How did Tim Berners-Lee contribute to the development of the internet?

Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web (WWW) and the HTTP protocol, along with the HTML markup language, which revolutionized how we interact with the internet by allowing users to easily navigate between linked documents and resources.

What were some of the early challenges in using the internet before graphical interfaces were developed?

Before the development of graphical user interfaces, the internet was mostly text-based and used a command-line interface. Users had to interact with the system using the keyboard, and there were no images or clickable links. Accessing websites required downloading files and opening them in a text-based environment.