Examen físico de Abdomen

Takeaways

• 🔍 The video script provides a general overview of abdominal physical examination techniques for medical students.
• 👀 The first step in the examination is inspection, which begins when the patient enters the consultation room and includes observing posture, visible lesions, surgical scars, and body hair distribution.
• 🤲 During inspection, the physician should also look for any visible masses and their changes with patient movement, which could indicate internal or external issues like hernias.
• 👂 Auscultation is the second step and should be performed before other maneuvers to avoid altering the sounds that can be heard, focusing on identifying normal bowel sounds and any variations that may indicate obstruction.
• 👊 Percussion is the third step, where the physician taps on the abdomen to differentiate between dull and tympanic sounds, helping to identify solid organs like the liver and the stomach filled with air.
• 👋 Palpation is the final and most comprehensive step, where the physician feels for tenderness, masses, and organ size, and should be done cautiously to avoid causing the patient discomfort or tension.
• 📏 The script mentions specific techniques such as 'hand in cup' to try and elicit the edge of the liver or spleen, which are typically not easily palpable.
• 📍 Special signs like Murphy's sign for gallbladder inflammation and McBurney's point for appendicitis are highlighted as key diagnostic indicators during palpation.
• The presence of abdominal masses, their location, and behavior with certain maneuvers can help in diagnosing conditions like hernias or internal organ issues.
• 💧 The script also discusses the assessment of ascites, which involves evaluating the presence of fluid in the peritoneal space and using maneuvers like the 'fluid wave sign' to confirm its presence.
• 👨‍⚕️ The importance of practice and experience in performing a thorough and informative abdominal examination is emphasized, as it is a skill acquired over time.