Physical Features of India - Chapter 2 Geography NCERT Class 9

Summary

This video explores India's diverse physical features, including mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and islands. It delves into their formation through geological processes like weathering, erosion, and deposition, and discusses the theory of plate tectonics. The script highlights the Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsula Plateau, Indian Desert, coastal plains, and islands, providing insights into their geological significance and impact on India's landscape.

Takeaways

• 🌏 India is a large landmass formed during different geological periods, undergoing constant physical changes.
• 🏔️ The physical features of India include mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and islands, shaped by processes like weathering, erosion, and deposition.
• 🌋 The theory of plate tectonics explains the formation of physical features, with the Earth's crust divided into major and minor plates that move and interact.
• 🌳 The Peninsula Plateau is one of the oldest landmasses, part of the Gondwana land that broke into pieces and drifted apart.
• 🏔️ The Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate, leading to the uplift of land and the creation of high peaks.
• 🌊 The Northern Plains are formed by the alluvial soil brought by the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers, making it a fertile and densely populated area.
• 🏜️ The Indian Desert, located near the Aravalli Hills, is characterized by its sandy terrain, arid climate, and low vegetation cover.
• 🏞️ The Peninsular Plateau is composed of old crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks, with the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau as its major divisions.
• 🌊 India's coastal plains include the narrow Western Ghats and the wider Eastern Ghats, influenced by rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
• 🏝️ India has two sets of islands: the Andaman and Nicobar in the Bay of Bengal, and the Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea, each with distinct climates and vegetation.

Q & A

What are the physical features of India discussed in the script?

The script discusses the physical features of India including mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and islands, and how they have been formed.

What is the role of weathering, erosion, and deposition in shaping the physical features of India?

Weathering changes the texture or appearance of soil or rocks over time. Erosion is the process by which the Earth's surface is worn away or displaced by natural forces like water, wind, and glaciers. Deposition is the end activity of erosion, where materials are moved from one place and settle in another, leading to the formation of new land masses, plateaus, rocks, and deltas.

What is the theory of plate tectonics and how does it explain the formation of physical features?

The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the Earth's crust is made up of several major and minor plates. The movement of these plates can lead to stress within the rocks above, causing collisions, separations, or other interactions that result in folding, faulting, and volcanic activity. These movements have changed the position and size of continents over millions of years.

What is the Gondwana land and its significance in the formation of the Indian peninsula?

Gondwana land was a supercontinent that included parts of present-day South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia. The Indian peninsula is one of the oldest landmasses and was once part of Gondwana land. The breakup of this supercontinent led to the drifting apart of these landmasses, with India eventually colliding with the Eurasian plate.

How did the Himalayas form and what are their characteristics?

The Himalayas were formed as a result of the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. This collision caused the sedimentary rocks at the bottom of the Tethys Sea to fold up, creating the uplifted land in Northern India. The Himalayas consist of high peaks, deep valleys, and gorges, making them one of the most rugged mountain barriers in the world.

What is the significance of the Northern Plains in terms of agriculture and human civilization?

The Northern Plains, formed by the alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers, are fertile and have a dense population. The rich alluvial soil is good for agriculture, making this region highly productive and valuable to the economy.

What are the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas and their respective characteristics?

The three parallel ranges of the Himalayas are the Greater Himalayas or Himadri, the Lesser Himalayas or Himachal, and the Outer Himalayas or Shivalik. The Greater Himalayas have the highest peaks and are made of granite, the Lesser Himalayas are lower with ranges like Pir Panjal, and the Shivalik range is the outermost with lower peaks and sedimentary rocks.

What is the Peninsula Plateau and what types of rocks does it consist of?

The Peninsula Plateau is the oldest land block of India, composed of old crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks. It was part of the Gondwana land and is divided into the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.

What is the Indian Desert and what are its main characteristics?

The Indian Desert, located near the Aravalli Hills, is a sandy plain that receives very low rainfall and has an arid climate. It is known for its sand dunes and the Luni River, which is the only large river in the region.

What are the two sets of islands in India and their respective locations?

The two sets of islands in India are the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal, and the Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are larger and more numerous, while Lakshadweep is a small coral island.

Why are the Himalayas and the Northern Plains considered high-risk zones for earthquakes?

The Himalayas and the Northern Plains are considered high-risk zones for earthquakes due to the instability of the land caused by the ongoing tectonic activity and the recent formation of these landforms.

Outlines

00:00

🏞️ Physical Features and Formation of India

This paragraph delves into the physical features of India, including mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and islands, and explains their formation through geological processes like weathering, erosion, and deposition. It discusses the theory of plate tectonics, highlighting how the movement and interaction of Earth's crustal plates have shaped India's landmass over millions of years. The paragraph also touches on the formation of the Himalayas due to the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate and the resulting upliftment of land and creation of the Northern Plains.

05:01

🏔️ The Himalayas and the Northern Plains

The second paragraph focuses on the Himalayan Mountains, describing their formation, geological youth, and the challenges they pose for infrastructure like railways due to their ruggedness. It details the mountain ranges, including the Greater Himalayas, the Lesser Himalayas, and the Outer Himalayas (Shivalik), and their longitudinal divisions from west to east. The paragraph also explains the formation of the Northern Plains by the alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers, emphasizing their fertility and importance for agriculture and human civilization.

10:01

🏜️ The Peninsula Plateau and the Indian Desert

This section discusses the Peninsula Plateau, composed of old crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks, and its division into the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. It explains the plateau's formation as part of the ancient Gondwana land and its distinction from the younger Northern Plains. The Indian Desert, located near the Aravalli Hills, is characterized by its arid climate, sandy terrain, and sparse vegetation, with the Luni River being a notable feature. The paragraph also describes the coastal plains of India, which are influenced by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, and the rivers that drain into these bodies of water.

15:04

🌊 Coastal Plains and Islands of India

The final paragraph explores the coastal plains of India, which are divided into the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats, each with their distinct sections and rivers. It also covers the islands of India, including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are noted for their equatorial climate and dense forest cover, while the Lakshadweep Islands are known for their coral formations. The paragraph concludes with an invitation to watch a more detailed video on the islands for further understanding.

Keywords

💡Physical Features

Physical features refer to the natural and observable characteristics of the Earth's surface, including mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and islands. In the video, these features are central to understanding India's diverse landscape and how they have been shaped by geological processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition.

💡Weathering

Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks, soils, and minerals through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms. It is a key concept in the video as it explains how the texture or appearance of India's soil and rocks have changed over time due to natural elements like running water and wind.

💡Erosion

Erosion is the process by which the Earth's surface is worn away by natural agents like water, wind, and ice. The video discusses how erosion has played a significant role in shaping India's physical features, particularly in the formation of new land masses and the transportation of sediments.

💡Deposition

Deposition is the process by which sediments, soil, and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. In the context of the video, deposition is the final stage of the erosion process, leading to the formation of features like deltas and crustal plateaus in India.

💡Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics is the theory that describes the movement of large plates that make up the Earth's lithosphere. The video explains how the movement and interaction of these plates have led to the formation of India's diverse physical features, including the Himalayas and the Peninsula Plateau.

💡Gondwana Land

Gondwana Land refers to a supercontinent that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras and included parts of present-day South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia. The video mentions Gondwana Land to illustrate the ancient origins of India's Peninsula Plateau and how it separated from this supercontinent over time.

💡Himalayas

The Himalayas are a young and geologically active mountain range in northern India. The video describes the formation of the Himalayas as a result of the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate, leading to the uplift of the land and the creation of the world's highest peaks.

💡Northern Plains

The Northern Plains, also known as the Indo-Gangetic Plain, is a fertile region in northern India formed by the alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers. The video highlights the plains' agricultural significance and its formation due to sediment deposition from these rivers.

💡Peninsular Plateau

The Peninsular Plateau is an ancient landmass in central and southern India composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The video explains that this plateau is part of the Gondwana Land and has been shaped by processes such as weathering and erosion over millions of years.

💡Indian Desert

The Indian Desert, also known as the Thar Desert, is a sandy plain in western India characterized by its arid climate and sparse vegetation. The video describes the desert as a region with low rainfall and the presence of sand dunes, shaped by the deposition of sand carried by wind.

💡Coastal Plains

Coastal Plains are narrow strips of land along the coastlines, which in India's case, are the Eastern and Western Ghats. The video discusses how these plains are formed by the deposition of sediments from rivers draining into the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, contributing to India's diverse landscape.

💡Islands

Islands in the video refer to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea. These island groups are characterized by their unique geographical locations and features, such as the equatorial climate of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the coral origin of Lakshadweep.

Highlights

India's physical features like mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, and islands are formed through geological processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition.

The theory of plate tectonics explains the movement and interaction of Earth's crustal plates, leading to the formation of various landforms.

The Indian landmass has undergone significant changes, separating from the Australian plate and moving towards the Eurasian plate.

The Himalayas were formed due to the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate, resulting in the uplift of the land and the creation of the world's highest mountain range.

The Northern Plains are fertile and densely populated, formed by the alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers.

The Peninsula Plateau, part of the ancient Gondwana land, is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks, making it the oldest landmass in India.

The Indian Desert, also known as the Thar Desert, is characterized by its arid climate and sandy terrain, receiving very low rainfall.

The coastal plains of India, both Western and Eastern Ghats, are narrow strips of land along the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, respectively.

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, located in the Bay of Bengal, are known for their equatorial climate and dense forest cover.

The Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea are coral islands with a unique ecosystem.

The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges: the Greater Himalayas, the Lesser Himalayas, and the Outer Himalayas, each with distinct geological features.

The Northern Plains are prone to earthquakes due to the unstable nature of the land formed by the recent geological activities.

The fast-flowing rivers in the Himalayas contribute to the formation of rich alluvial soil in the Northern Plains, making it ideal for agriculture.

The Peninsula Plateau's black soil is of volcanic origin, derived from the weathering of igneous rocks.

The Indian Desert's sandy terrain and arid climate make it a unique geographical feature with limited vegetation and distinct fauna.

The coastal plains of India are influenced by the monsoon winds, affecting the climate and supporting diverse ecosystems.

Transcripts

[Music]

chapter 2 physical features of India in

this chapter we will read about our

country's physical features that is

mountains Plains deserts plateus and

Islands while reading that we will also

know how they have been formed so with

no further Ado let's begin India is a

large landmass formed during different

geological periods I'll just show you a

small section of the previous chapter

wherein we can see how India broke apart

from Australian plate and moved towards

uraan plate while doing so it went

through constant physical changes you

can see the shape of India as it was

moving towards north now with this kind

of massive formations number of

processes such as weathering erosion and

deposition have created and modified the

relief to its present form by relief I

mean the five physical feature that we

spoke about in the beginning by

weathering we mean change of texture or

appearance of soil or rocks over a long

period of time it can be due to running

water wind activity glaciers Etc and

erosion means the process by which the

surface of the Earth is WN away or

displaced by the action of water

glaciers winds waves and last deposition

is the end activity of erosion when

things go from one place and stop it

another place this leads to formation of

new land mass crust plateus rocks Deltas

Etc so now you understand what all

physical activities India went through

and not just India many other land

masses over the time but the big

question is how did we human come to

know about it I mean we can talk all

intellectually but the base has to be

through solid evidence therefore

scientists have attempted to explain the

formation of physical features with the

help of some theories one such theory is

the theory of plate tectonics so this

Theory says the crust that is the upper

part of the Earth has been formed out of

seven major and some minor plates and

when these plate moves they build up

stress within and the rocks above

Collide or sometimes large chunk of soil

gets separated leading to folding

faulting and volcanic activity these

plate movements are classified into

three types while some plates come

towards each other and form convergent

boundary some plates move away from each

other and form divergent boundary in the

event of two plates coming together they

may either Collide or crumble or one may

slide under the other at times they may

also move horizontally past the movement

of these plates have changed the

position and size of the continents over

millions of years the land of India

displays great physical variation the

peninsula Plateau is one of the ancient

land masses on the Earth's surface it

was a direct piece of gwana land let's

now read about the gwana land so the

peninsula region of India is the oldest

landmass it was a part of the Gana land

so this gwana land comprised of several

countries like South America Africa

India Antarctica Australia so this was

all one single landmar Once Upon a Time

so what happened was the crust broke

into number of pieces and everything

started drifting apart as you can see

how South America moved towards the left

hand side and Antarctica went towards

the South and India and Australia moved

towards north and east so at that time

India was a part of Australian plate but

then we got separated from that as well

and we started moving towards north and

then what happened it got collided to

the plate which is much larger which is

also called Eurasian plate so before

this Collision there was all water in

between the Indian plate and the

Eurasian plate and this water body was

named as tetis sea so all the

sedimentary rocks which were there at

the bottom of the sea they started

folding up as a result Himalaya was born

and that's why you'll see the land is

uplifted in Northern India but in the

northeastern site there was a huge

depression meaning Low Land which over

the time got filled with the deposition

of sediments brought down by by the

rivers flowing from the mountains in the

north and this is a reason why ganga and

brahmaputra drains in that region so

this is quite fascinating isn't it I

mean getting to read all of this and

going to those places and seeing those

land features no wonder the geologist

enjoy what they do and another thing is

that these Himalayas and the Northern

Plains are most recent land forms hence

they are also very high risk Zone when

it comes to earthquake because the land

is not stable unlike Peninsula region

which is a complete land block that

broke from the gondwana land on one hand

Himalayan mountains are unstable Zone

but it is very rich in alal soil so alal

soil is formed from fast flowing rivers

and Himalayan Mountains consist of high

peaks and these high peaks generate a

lot of ice Glacier and when they melt

they come rushing down passing through

deep valleys and making huge cuts in

between the mountains and flow all over

Northern India and Eastern India and

finally drain into the B of Bengal and

we know fast flowing rivers that is

running of water brings new soil and

that is the reason the entire Northern

plain consist of rich alial soil brought

down by the fast flowing Rivers but

Peninsula Plateau is quite different

than the Northern Plains it is composed

of ous and metamorphic rocks ous rocks

are those Rock which are formed through

the cooling and solidification of magma

or lava and metamorphic rock is a type

of rock which has undergone change by

extreme heat and pressure and since

peninsula plate is the oldest land mass

therefore these two rocks are bound to

be present there now we will read about

the major physiographic divisions they

are the Himalayan Mountains the Northern

Plains the peninsula Plateau the Indian

Desert the coastal plains and the

islands first one is the Himalayan

Mountains we just read about how they

were formed and also that they are

geologically young and it consists of

huge chain of mountains all residing in

the northern borders of India Himalayas

is one of the most most rugged mountain

barriers of the world the Himalaya

consist of high peaks and due to the

flow of fast- flowing Rivers deep

valleys and Gorges have been formed so

this creates very ruggedness on the

landmar and this is the reason there is

no Railway establishment also like you

don't have much of Railway facilities

and tracks in North part of India

because you need a stable land the

length of this mountain range is 2,400

km and the width is 400 km and as as you

go towards the Eastern side it becomes

much narrow by 150 km in arunachal

Pradesh the Himalaya consists of three

parallel ranges the northernmost range

is known as the greater or inner

Himalayas or the himadri the mountain

peaks over there have an average height

of 6,000 M 2,000 short of Mount Everest

that long it is so the core of Himalaya

is made out of granite and we have read

earlier Water Granite these are rocks

formed due to solidification of magma or

lava and which also tells that when

Indian plate was colliding with the

Eurasian plate there must have been a

huge volcanic eruption under the seabed

seabed of the teus sea and due to the

solidification of that magma granites

were formed which is now the core part

of Himalaya and on top from outside it's

snowbound and we know this that rivers

are formed due to the melting of these

ice snow or Glacier so I hope you

understand this part pretty clearly now

as you go towards the southern part of

Himalaya now this range over here is

called Himachal or lesser Himalaya and

obviously here the heights of the

mountain peaks has to be lesser than the

above one so here it varies between

3,700 to 4,500 M so p pel is one of the

longest and important range over here

followed by dadar and Mahabharata range

and we also have some famous valleys

like the Kashmir the kangra the Kulu

Valley and this region is well known for

its heal stations and the last and the

third part of Himalayas that is the

outermost range this is called the

shivalik and the width of this range is

10 to 50 km and the heights of the peaks

in this region has to be very low that

is 900 to 1100 m in this range you'll

find mostly sedimentary rocks brought

down by the rivers from the main

Himalaya so as the river comes fast

flowing river comes from Top they come

with a full pressure and they bring huge

chunk of rocks Boulders with them and

this range is also rich in alivium soil

and some of the famous dun like dun

kotun patun are well known and they are

present in this range so this was all

about the three important ranges of

Himalaya till now we understood

Himalayas from top to down North to

South now it's time to understand

Himalayas from west to east or which is

also called longitudinal divisions so at

the extreme Northwest lying in between

indas and satl River this part of

Himalaya is called Punjab Himalaya and

regionally it is also called Kashmir and

Himachal Himalaya as well and then as

you move towards the right hand side

that is in between satl River and Kali

River this place is called Kuma

Himalayas and as you go further away

towards the right hand side the Kali and

Tista Rivers demarcate the Nepal

Himalayas and then there is another part

which lies in between Tista and diang

rivers this part is known as Assam

Himalayas the brahmaputra river comes

from the easternmost boundary of the

Himalayas in the Eastern side the

Himalayas Bend sharply to the South here

at the e e side or the Eastern hills and

mountains are also known as purvanchal

as we have read earlier that the land

over here is low there's a depression in

the land hence due to the running of

brahmaputra river lot of sedimentary

rocks have accumulated over time and

vegetation is also very dense and due to

this kind of combination there are many

parallel ranges and valleys so some of

the hills that comprises the purvanchal

are patkai Hills the Naga Hills Manipur

Hills and the mizo hills and the next Fe

feature is the northern plane the

northern plane has been formed purely

because of three major river systems and

they are the Indus the ganga and the

brahmaputra of course along with their

tributaries as I've said before this

plane is formed of alvial soil and since

we are reading about Northern plain and

therefore it has to lie at the foothills

of the Himalaya and it has taken

millions of years to make it a fertile

plane now an amazing fact is that the

northern plane is densely populated it

means if you see around the world most

of human civilization resides in the

plain area and it is purely because of

the soil adequate supply of water and

favorable climate since this plane

exists because of the river system and

rivers bring rich soil cover when they

flow this makes that region full of

alvial soil and this particular soil is

good for agriculture purpose and

agriculture will lead to food production

and thus add value to the economy and

hence becoming the most productive part

of India when a river comes from

Mountain it rushes into the plains there

the river does not follow a uniform path

it breaks into different channels due to

deep gorges and rugged terrain so these

channels are known as distributaries the

northern plane is broadly divided into

three sections the western part of the

northern plane is referred to as Punjab

Plains and it is purely formed by the

Indus and its tributaries and the larger

portion of this plane lies in Pakistan

and the second is the ganga plane which

lies between gagar and Tista River now

remember remember this the ganga river

passes through harana Delhi UPI Bihar

part of jarand and West Bengal to its

East and then finally drains into the

Bay of Bengal usually the Northern

Plains are generally described as flat

land but it has little variation in its

relief basically I'm talking about

different types of alval soil I'm not

going to explain about alval soil

instead I want you to watch this video

wherein I have specifically covered

about olival soil in detail so just head

over there watch it and you will get it

it pretty clearly the third feature is

the peninsula Plateau the peninsula

Plateau is a table land means flat land

plateus are flat land now it is composed

of old crystalline ignas and metamorphic

rocks the Peninsular Plateau is the

oldest land block of a country it was

part of Gana land now here the plate is

broadly divided into two categories the

central Highlands and the dean Plateau

so the central Highlands lie right in

the middle that is to the north of the

NADA River covering major area of malba

plat you just have a look at this in the

map so Central Highlands is bounded in

the South by vendia range and towards

its Northwest that is near Rajasthan it

is bounded by aravalis and the rivers

that you'll find over here is chamul syn

bwa and Ken so the central Highland

extends up to Cha nagpur plateau in the

East and the second division of

peninsula Plateau is the Deen Plateau

this land mass lies to the south of the

river narmada the satpura range is the

boundary in the north for Dean plateau

and towards the Eastern side Mahadev

kaimur Hills and maal range is the

boundary another factual thing is that

Deen plate is a bit higher in the

western side and slopes gently towards

Eastern side and this is one of the

reason why majority of the rivers flow

into the Bay of Bengal that is towards

the Eastern side so Western GS and the

Eastern Gs are the West and East edges

of the Deen Plateau Western Gs are

higher in elevation than the Eastern

Garts the stretch of Eastern Gart is

from mahanadi Valley from Orissa to the

Neil grees in the south and the Western

G starts near the border of Gujarat and

Maharashtra where it is given a name

sadri and reaches all the way till

nilgiris in Tamil Nadu so the highest

peak includes the anai murri and the

doab beta and in eastern carts the

highest peak is mahendragiri so the dean

Plateau is known for its black soil and

this is of volcanic origin hence the

rocks are ignas and since soils are

formed from weathering of rocks hence

these rocks are responsible for the

formation of black soil and the fourth

feature is the Indian Desert it lies

towards the western side near aravali

Hills and desert consists of sand hence

it is called Sandy plane and this region

receives very low rainfall below 150 mm

per year it has arid climate which means

hot and dry with low vegetation cover

you will only see River during the rainy

season Looney is the only large river in

this region and this region is famous

for burant which mean sandunes and the

fifth feature is the coast Plaines India

is a Peninsula Country the reason we are

called Peninsula is because of water

being on the three side because if it is

on the fourth then we would have been

known as Island so we have Arabian Sea

on the west and be of Bengal to the east

so let's read about Western gats and the

Arabian Sea it's a narrow plane and is

divided into three sections the northern

part of the western coast is called the

Konan Mumbai to Goa the central stretch

is called the Kut plane and it lies in

the Karnataka region while the southern

stretch is referred to as the malaba

coast which is completely in Kerala now

let's move on to the Eastern GS they're

comparatively wider than the Western G

it is referred in two parts that is the

northern cirar while the southern part

is known as coromandel Coast some Rivers

such as madii godavari Krishna cavari

they drain into the Eastern side and on

the western side NADA and tapi are the

river that drain into the western side

and coming to the last feature the

islands so we have two sets of islands

in our country one is the andamar and

nicobar in the Bay of Bengal and the

other is lakad in the Arabian Sea lakad

Island is a small coral island earlier

it was known as lakad minoi Amin div and

in 1973 we named it as lakad and the

capital as kavaratti which is also the

administrative headquarter of lakad

coming to the andamar and nicobar

Islands they are bigger in size and are

more numerous and Scattered so the

entire group of island is divided into

two broad categories the Andaman in the

north and nicobar in the south so this

island is close to Equator hence it has

equatorial climate and thick forest

cover so before wrapping it up I want

you to watch this video in this I've

covered about the islands in a much more

detailed manner I'll paste the link of

the video Below in the description along

with the specified timer wherein you can

click and watch it directly from that

moment of time without having to watch

the entire video and with this we have

come to an end of this chapter I hope

you enjoyed watching it so watch this

video again along with chapter 2 of

class 11 and you'll have a firm grip in

understanding the structure and

physiography of India if you enjoy these

videos and see a purpose behind watching

them please like the video and comment

down below until then catch you guys

later and talk to you guys on the next

one peace