Siddhartha by Herman Hesse Part 1 Critical Analysis

Summary

This video script offers a critical analysis of Hermann Hesse's novel 'Siddhartha,' focusing on the first part. It explores the protagonist's quest for enlightenment, mirroring Buddha's journey, through various spiritual practices and teachings. The script delves into Siddhartha's dissatisfaction with traditional learning, his trials with asceticism, and the realization that true enlightenment is an internal journey, not taught by external guides. It sets the stage for the next part of the novel, where Siddhartha's exploration of the material world is expected to contribute to his spiritual awakening.

Takeaways

• 📚 The novel 'Siddhartha' is divided into two parts, with the first part containing four chapters that parallel the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism.
• 🌟 The protagonist, Siddhartha, is on a quest for Enlightenment, similar to the historical Buddha, Gautama Sakyamuni, who also shared the name Siddhartha.
• 🧘 Siddhartha's journey is divided into three stages: the Mind, the Flesh, and Transcendence, reflecting his progression towards self-realization.
• 🤔 Siddhartha feels unsatisfied with the rituals and teachings of his Brahman caste, seeking a deeper understanding of life and the path to inner peace.
• 🚶 Siddhartha and his friend Govinda join the ascetics, or samanas, to learn through self-denial and extreme practices, but Siddhartha finds this path insufficient for true Enlightenment.
• 🙏 Siddhartha and Govinda encounter Gautama Buddha, but Siddhartha realizes that Enlightenment cannot be taught or learned from another; it must be an individual experience.
• 🔄 Siddhartha's realization that he must seek Enlightenment within himself marks the end of the first phase of his quest and the beginning of a new, more personal journey.
• 🌱 The novel emphasizes the importance of personal experience over teachings and rituals, suggesting that true understanding comes from within.
• 🌐 Siddhartha's departure from traditional spiritual paths and teachers, including the Buddha, signifies the beginning of his self-directed search for truth.
• 🌅 The chapter 'Awakening' signifies a turning point for Siddhartha, as he embraces the material world as part of his quest for Enlightenment, recognizing that spiritual and material understanding are interconnected.
• 📚 The critical analysis of 'Siddhartha' in the script reveals the protagonist's struggle with traditional teachings and his eventual path towards self-discovery and Enlightenment.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the novel 'Siddhartha' by Hermann Hesse?

The main theme of the novel 'Siddhartha' is the spiritual journey of self-discovery and the search for enlightenment, paralleling the life of the historical Buddha, Gautama Siddhartha.

How is the novel divided, and what does each part signify?

The novel is divided into two parts, with part one consisting of four chapters that parallel the Four Noble Truths defined by Buddha. This division signifies the stages of Siddhartha's spiritual journey.

What are the three stages that Siddhartha passes through on his journey to enlightenment?

The three stages that Siddhartha passes through are the stage of the Mind, the stage of the Flesh, and the stage of Transcendence.

What is the significance of the title 'Siddhartha' in relation to the historical Buddha?

The title 'Siddhartha' is significant as it is the same name as the historical Buddha, Gautama Siddhartha, indicating a parallel between the protagonist's journey and the life of the Buddha.

How does the narrator describe Siddhartha's dissatisfaction with his life as a Brahman?

The narrator describes Siddhartha's dissatisfaction by highlighting his feeling that rituals and formulas govern his father's world and that he cannot adapt to a life that revolves around sacrifices and offerings.

What does Siddhartha learn from the Samanas that he later finds insufficient for enlightenment?

Siddhartha learns self-denial and the denial of worldly desires from the Samanas, but he finds that these teachings are insufficient for enlightenment as they do not lead to the timelessness he seeks.

Why does Siddhartha decide to leave the Samanas and seek enlightenment elsewhere?

Siddhartha decides to leave the Samanas because he realizes that their teachings do not lead to true enlightenment, as they focus on self-torture and denial, which only leads to further suffering.

What does Siddhartha learn from his encounter with Gautama Buddha that changes his approach to seeking enlightenment?

Siddhartha learns from Gautama Buddha that enlightenment must be experienced and realized within oneself, rather than taught or learned from another person's perspective.

How does Siddhartha's understanding of the world change after his encounter with Gautama Buddha?

After his encounter with Gautama Buddha, Siddhartha's understanding of the world changes as he starts to see the world on its own terms, recognizing its beauty and reality, and realizing that enlightenment cannot be found by ignoring the material world.

What is the key realization that Siddhartha has at the end of the fourth chapter, 'Awakening'?

The key realization Siddhartha has at the end of 'Awakening' is that enlightenment cannot be reached by relying solely on teachers or by ignoring the world; it must be a personal journey of self-discovery and experience.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to 'Siddhartha' - A Critical Analysis

This paragraph introduces the critical analysis session of Hermann Hesse's novel 'Siddhartha,' prescribed for the fourth semester of the BSA generic English course at the Bengaluru City University. The session is led by Nandana, an assistant professor of English, who outlines the learning objectives, session outcomes, and recaps the previous knowledge about the novel's six elements: setting, plot, characters, point of view, conflict, and themes. The novel is divided into two parts, with the first part consisting of four chapters that correspond to the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism. The session aims to help students comprehend the division of the novel and its significance, as well as to analyze the first part critically and interpret four chapters.

05:00

🧘 Siddhartha's Journey Begins: The Brahman's Son and the Summoners

The second paragraph delves into the life of Siddhartha, a golden boy from the elite Brahman caste in Ancient India, who, despite participating in holy rituals and meditation, seeks inner peace and Enlightenment beyond what his teachers and books can offer. Siddhartha, along with his best friend Govinda, decides to leave the Brahman life and join the wandering ascetics, the Summoners, who believe in denying worldly desires for Enlightenment. Siddhartha practices self-torture and fasting, attempting to escape suffering by emptying himself. However, he realizes that the Summoners' teachings are insufficient for true Enlightenment, leading to a conflict with Govinda about their paths and Siddhartha's decision to leave the Summoners in search of Gautama Buddha.

10:02

🙏 Encounter with Gautama Buddha and the Quest for Enlightenment

In the third paragraph, Siddhartha and Govinda meet Gautama Buddha, known for his teachings on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. While Govinda accepts Buddha's teachings and becomes a follower, Siddhartha recognizes the Buddha's holiness but feels that true Enlightenment must be experienced personally and cannot be taught by another. Siddhartha believes that all religions and teachers offer formulas based on their experiences, but ultimate wisdom and Enlightenment must come from within. This realization leads Siddhartha to depart from the spiritual teachings and embark on a new stage of life, seeking Enlightenment through his own experiences.

15:03

🌟 Siddhartha's Awakening and the Path to Self-Discovery

The final paragraph of the provided script discusses Siddhartha's awakening to the realization that Enlightenment cannot be achieved by relying on teachers or by ignoring the world. Siddhartha's journey takes a new turn as he leaves behind all his teachers, including Gautama Buddha, to find his path to Nirvana within himself. This chapter signifies the end of one phase of Siddhartha's quest and the beginning of another, where he will explore the material world and learn from his own experiences, recognizing the beauty and reality of his surroundings without the illusion of suffering. The session concludes with a recap of the critical analysis of part one and a preview of the next session, which will analyze the remaining chapters of the novel.

Keywords

💡Siddhartha

Siddhartha is the protagonist of the novel by Hermann Hesse, who is on a quest for self-discovery and Enlightenment. The name also refers to the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, indicating a parallel between the spiritual journeys of the two figures. In the script, Siddhartha's journey is central to the narrative, as he seeks to understand the nature of the world and his place within it.

💡Enlightenment

Enlightenment in the context of the video refers to a state of profound spiritual awakening or insight. It is the ultimate goal of Siddhartha's journey, as he seeks to transcend the cycle of suffering and attain inner peace. The script discusses Siddhartha's realization that Enlightenment must be experienced personally and cannot be taught by others, highlighting its significance as the core objective of his quest.

💡Brahman

Brahman is a term from Hinduism referring to the highest divine reality or ultimate truth. In the script, Siddhartha is born into the Brahman caste, which is the highest social class in the traditional Hindu caste system. His background as a Brahman sets the stage for his spiritual journey and the societal expectations he must navigate.

💡Samanas

Samanas are wandering ascetics in Hinduism who renounce worldly life in pursuit of spiritual liberation. In the script, Siddhartha joins the Samanas, adopting their practices of self-denial and extreme fasting, in his search for Enlightenment. However, he eventually realizes that their teachings are insufficient for his quest.

💡Gautama Buddha

Gautama Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama, is the founder of Buddhism and a historical figure who achieved Enlightenment. In the script, Siddhartha and Govinda hear of Gautama Buddha, who has achieved Enlightenment, and they decide to leave the Samanas to seek his teachings, indicating the Buddha's significance as a spiritual guide.

💡Four Noble Truths

The Four Noble Truths are fundamental teachings in Buddhism that outline the nature of suffering and the path to its cessation. The script mentions these truths as a parallel to the four chapters in Part One of the novel, each chapter reflecting on a different aspect of the truths as Siddhartha explores the nature of suffering.

💡Nirodha

Nirodha, or Nibbana in Pali, is the state of complete cessation of suffering and the ultimate goal in Buddhism. In the script, Siddhartha's quest for Enlightenment is also a quest for Nirodha, as he seeks to end suffering and achieve a state of peace.

💡Maga

Maga, or the Noble Eightfold Path, is a set of practices in Buddhism that lead to the end of suffering. The script refers to the Eightfold Path as part of Buddha's teachings, which Siddhartha studies but ultimately decides are not the path for him to achieve Enlightenment.

💡Self-denial

Self-denial in the script refers to the practice of abstaining from worldly desires and comforts as a means to achieve spiritual liberation. Siddhartha engages in self-denial as a Samana, but he later realizes that this extreme form of denial does not lead to Enlightenment, as it creates its own form of suffering.

💡Awakening

Awakening in the script signifies a moment of profound realization or insight. The fourth chapter titled 'Awakening' marks a turning point in Siddhartha's journey, where he decides to seek Enlightenment independently, recognizing that it cannot be taught or achieved through the teachings of others.

💡Quest

The quest in the script represents Siddhartha's journey towards Enlightenment. It is a central theme of the video, illustrating his progression from relying on external teachings to seeking inner wisdom. The quest is a metaphor for the individual's search for meaning and understanding in life.

Highlights

Introduction to 'Siddhartha' by Hermann Hesse, a novel prescribed for the fourth semester BSA generic English at Bengaluru City University.

The novel is divided into two parts, with the first part focusing on Siddhartha's spiritual journey and the second part on his experiences in the material world.

The first part of the novel has four chapters, each paralleling the Four Noble Truths defined by Buddha.

Siddhartha's journey is divided into three stages: the stage of the Mind, the stage of the Flesh, and the stage of transcendence.

The significance of the title 'Siddhartha' is linked to the historical Buddha, as both figures share a similar name and life parallels.

Siddhartha's dissatisfaction with the rituals and formulas of his Brahman caste leads him to seek Enlightenment.

Siddhartha's decision to leave his father's house and join the ascetics, the samanas, marks the beginning of his quest for spiritual fulfillment.

The samanas' teachings on self-denial and the denial of worldly desires are explored as Siddhartha seeks to find Enlightenment through extreme asceticism.

Siddhartha's realization that the denial of the self and the world does not lead to Enlightenment, as he finds further suffering through self-torture.

The conflict between Siddhartha and Govinda over the effectiveness of the samanas' teachings and the decision to seek Enlightenment elsewhere.

Siddhartha's encounter with Gautama Buddha and the subsequent decision to not follow Buddha's teachings, emphasizing the need for personal experience in achieving Enlightenment.

The chapter 'Awakening' signifies Siddhartha's departure from all teachers and his resolve to find Enlightenment through self-discovery.

Siddhartha's understanding that Enlightenment cannot be taught or found by ignoring the world, but must be an internal journey of self-realization.

The conclusion of the first part of the novel suggests that Siddhartha's upcoming exploration of the material world is a necessary step towards Enlightenment.

The session's learning objectives include comprehending the division of the novel, understanding the significance of the title, and interpreting key chapters.

A recap of the previous session's focus on the six elements of the novel: setting, plot, characters, point of view, conflict, and themes.

The upcoming session will critically analyze the remaining eight chapters of 'Siddhartha', continuing the exploration of Siddhartha's quest for Enlightenment.

Transcripts

welcome to digital learning and

initiative of directorate of Collegiate

education government of Karnataka

Siddhartha by Harman has is prescribed

for fourth semester BSA generic English

Bengaluru City University I am nandana

NG assistant professor of English

government bus State College malleswaram

Bangalore the novel is divided into two

parts part one and part two so this

session will have a critical analysis of

part one of the novel Siddhartha wife

Herman Hess

the contents of the session learning

objectives session outcome recap of

previous knowledge key facts

significance of the title part 1

critical analysis and then

decapitulation

the learning object is to comprehend the

division of the novel The Way the novel

is divided why is it the novel divided

that way that is a very important

element here so once you understand that

the it will lead to further better

comprehension of the novel The Key facts

significance of the title and violate

Lil next critical analysis of part one

and lastly the interpretation of four

chapters in the part one

session outcome at the end of the

session the students will be able to

comprehend the division of the novel The

Key facts that help us better understand

the novel the significance of the title

critical analysis of part one and also

the interpretation of the four chapters

let us try to recap what we learned in

the previous session the previous

session focused on the six elements of

the novel they are setting plot

characters point of view conflict and

themes

now let us concentrate on the key facts

of the novel The Novel Siddhartha is

divided into two parts part one has four

chapters paralleling the four noble

truths defined by Buddha so that is why

the part one has four noble truths and

look at the Four Noble Truths there it

means the truth of suffering the truth

of the origin of suffering nirodha the

truth of the end of suffering Maga the

truth of the Pain to End of suffering so

in the first part the four chapters more

or less go according to these three four

themes as expressed by the great novel

great Lord Buddha who is the narrator

the narrator is an unnamed narrator who

tracks Spirit Siddhartha spiritual

progress

key facts what are the three stages in

Siddhartha the three parts correspond to

the three stages through which

Siddhartha passes on his journey to

Enlightenment and they are the stage of

the Mind the stage of the Flesh and the

stage of transcendence each of the

novels 12 chapters is divided into two

parts it finds Siddhartha simultaneously

facing a crisis and a new beginning in

his search

significance of the title always

remember the title has great

significance essay modeled Siddhartha on

the Buddha and the lives of the two

figures are similar in many ways this is

a very crucial element to understand the

novel siddhartha's name itself is the

first suggestion of the link between

Siddhartha and Buddha for the historical

Buddha Gautama sakyamuni also wore the

same name Siddhartha so Lord Buddha also

was named Siddhartha and our protagonist

of the novel is also Siddhartha so just

because he has a similar name he doesn't

become Gautama Buddha but then the

parallel the similarities between Lord

Buddha or Gautama Buddha and Siddhartha

can be seen and the first similarity is

the name Siddhartha in Siddhartha the

protagonist life parallels the little

that is known of Buddha's history

Buddha's life formed around the three

seminal events these are the three

events which defined Lord Buddha the

departure from his father's house the

wasted and frustrating years Torn

Between the pursuit of worldly desires

and a life of extreme asceticism finally

the determination of the middle path as

the only road to Enlightenment so these

three phases defines Lord Buddha after

going through all these phases he

achieved Enlightenment Siddhartha also

follows this course throughout the novel

he leaves his father explores several

kinds of spiritual teachings and

eventually achieves Enlightenment so

this is the second similarity between

Siddhartha our hero and Gotham in this

way Siddhartha resembles the original

Buddha who is both the seeker and Sage

chapter 1 look at the title the

brahman's son now the in the

introductory sorry in the beginning of

the chapter the novel opens with

Siddhartha in Ancient India he and his

best friend Govinda belong to the elite

Brahman cast Siddhartha is a Golden Boy

of his community men want to be him and

women want to be with him in the sense

Siddhartha is born in a very distinct

place he is belonging to a elite Brahman

cast and as a result he belongs to the

upper eclub of the caste system even

though Siddhartha participates in holy

sacrifices meditation practices and

discussions with adult other Revere

damage he is not satisfied he seeks

Enlightenment otherwise known as inner

peace and he feels that he has learned

all that he can from his teachers and

books

ritual and formula governs siddhartha's

Father's World Siddhartha is also a part

of that world but then he is unable to

adapt himself to that world because

rituals and formulas are given more

importance life in this world revolves

around sacrifices and offerings made at

certain times performance of established

duties that everyone even siddhartha's

father must take part in so as a result

the father's word is fixed in the moment

it is rigid in the moment and regulated

according to certain acts of dead

guidelines in times like this meditation

under the Banyan tree is the only

solution so Siddhartha and Govinda sit

down and meditate at dinner time Govinda

gets up but Siddhartha remains team

being deep in contemplation he reflects

on the word om which means the Quran

completion it is the word that concludes

all Brahman prayers

he is thinking about a group of samanas

wandering ascetics who once came into

his town suddenly a thought occurs to

Siddhartha he leaves the Banyan tree and

tells his father about his new career

path he has decided to leave house and

join the Summoners as soon as Siddhartha

tells his father about his plans to

become a Samana his father gets upset he

leaves the room but Siddhartha remains

in the room standing in the same

position the following morning

Siddhartha is still standing there

looking at Siddhartha so determined his

father recognizes it and permits him to

go so Siddhartha meets up with Govinda

and they leave to find the ascetics

in chapter 2 the chapter 2 is titled

with the Summoners Govinda and

Siddhartha find some samanas and join

them the cause of suffering is the

craving for something that can never be

satisfied hence the Summoners believe

that Enlightenment can be found only

through denial of Flesh and worldly

desires Siddhartha gives away his

clothes he begins fasting for long

periods and reads only once a day when

he's not fasting through self-torture

Siddhartha aims to completely empty

himself in order to identify with the

world around him he engages in a number

of fields of strength placed not to be

attentive attempted at home there like

standing in the burning Sun without

water standing in the freezing rain

without an umbrella standing in a Tony

Bush Etc essentially he stands until he

loses full feeling and escapes himself

the self-belial of the samanas isn't

enough to Enlighten him he joins the

Summoners he be he starts living like

them he does whatever they ask him to do

but then his attempts to escape from

suffering lead to further suffering and

the denial of time Roots him even more

firmly in the cycle of time he has

learned that timelessness cannot be

found apart from the self rendering the

samana's teaching useless for him govind

the fifth on the contrary go in the

fields that they are making progress

while Siddhartha doesn't so if the point

of all fruits of strength is to lose

himself he argues he could just as

easily lose himself in prostitutes and

drinking escaping reality is not the

solution he tells Govinda that he will

leave the samanas this is the first

conflict that occurs in the novel at

least in this chapter Siddhartha and

Govinda have spent three years with the

samras they learn of a man named who has

achieved Enlightenment so Siddhartha has

left his father's house he joined the

samanas but samana's way of life did not

help Enlightenment when go some sorry

when Siddhartha and Govinda hear about

gothama Buddha they decide to leave the

samanas and join gotv who they feel

might help him reach enlightenment

Govinda thinks that they should hear the

Buddha's teachings after a while they

decide to leave a samanas but it's not

that easy Siddhartha informs the oldest

Samana of his decision the old man gets

angry but Siddhartha hypnotizes him with

a powerful glance the old Samana

politely permits him to leave the

confrontation between Siddhartha and the

Elder Samana suggests that Enlightenment

cannot come from teachers but must be

realized within a fact Siddhartha will

discover repeatedly on this Quest this

is the most repetitive theme throughout

the novel that is teachers are external

forces they can guide us towards our

destination But ultimately it is we who

have to Journey there Govinda is

impressed Siddhartha has learned a lot

from samanas Govinda Argus that

Siddhartha could have learned to walk on

water if he had continued with the Feats

of Strength

chapter 3 it is titled gothamma

Siddhartha and Govinda arrive in

jitavana grow to meet kotama Gupta they

spend the night in the morning they are

so sorry overwhelmed to find a massive

crowd gathered to hear the Buddha speak

Siddhartha and Govinda are immediately

able to identify the Buddha he is The

Godly one among the crowd of the yellow

rope pen the Buddha appears endlessly

peaceful quite and contented although

Siddhartha feels that that there is

little new information he can learn from

Buddha's teachings he intently studies

the Buddha's Behavior the Buddha study

teaches all the usual stuff including

the four noble truths and the Eightfold

Path

Govinda is accepted as a follower and he

also just Siddhartha to join him well

siddhanta recognizes the Buddha's

Holiness he believes Enlightenment must

be experienced not thought again we can

see siddhata is not similar on

wavelength of thought with Govinda while

Govinda accepts that Gautama Buddha will

help him reach Enlightenment he decides

to stay with kotama Buddha while

Siddhartha recognizes that Buddha is a

holy person but then he doesn't feel

kotama Buddha is going to help him in

anything but then XP Enlightenment is

something that he himself must

experience Gautama Buddha cannot teach

him that Siddhartha advised the Buddha's

teaching that the world is complete

unbroken chain of cause and effect

however he doesn't understand the

doctrine of salvation and escape from

the world if in fact the world is

eternally one gothamma similarly teaches

a set of rules his rules like those of

the Hindus and the samras speak of

renunciation as a means of escaping

suffering however Siddhartha has already

realized during his

that he cannot reach Enlightenment by

teaching the world of the self in the

world of the body that is to say

Siddhartha has realized a crucial Point

by escaping the world we cannot

understand the world

the Buddha admits the flaw but reminds

Siddhartha that the goal of his teaching

is to relieve suffering not to describe

the universe Siddhartha realizes that

all religions offer specific formulas

for reaching Enlightenment just as all

teachers offer knowledge caused in terms

of their own experiences so he cannot

rely on any individual religion or

teacher in search for enlightenment

Siddhartha argues the impossibility of

reaching Enlightenment via others

teaching Siddharth Enlightenment

Siddhartha says is something a man must

do alone the Buddha smiles and departs

neither gothaman or any other guide can

teach Enlightenment because wisdom must

be learned through experience it cannot

be communicated through words though

gothamma speaks of Enlightenment his

efforts can enable a follower only to

realize that the possibility of

Enlightenment Enlightenment exists he

cannot provide Enlightenment himself so

the follower must experience the

Revelation from himself or herself which

in a way renders a teacher useless the

process of reaching Enlightenment is

internal so Siddhartha knows this

already he cannot become one of gothamas

followers

by the time we come to the fourth

chapter titled Awakening Siddhartha as

he walks away from Govinda realizes that

he is embarking on a new stage of life

he has walked away from all his teachers

first he walked away from his paternal

house if she walk away from the samanas

he walked away even from Lord Buddha

because they cannot teach the nature of

the self he feels he has truly become a

man he believes his path to Nirvana will

not come from following another person's

prospective lifestyle instead Siddhartha

feels sure that his part to

Enlightenment will come from within

himself does the result his new task

will be to discover how to find this

Enlightenment and Siddhartha decides to

learn from himself alone as he walks

Siddhartha sees his surroundings as real

and beautiful rather than as an illusion

that causes suffering for the first time

Siddhartha is experiencing the world on

its own terms rather than scorning what

it has to teach him this is his

Awakening Siddhartha decides to start a

new on his quest for enlightenment the

realization that is completely alone he

has left his father the samanas is left

Govinda with the yellow rope man he can

no longer Define himself in relation to

other men because he has no community so

Awakening chapter encapsulates the

Revelation that Siddhartha has learned

from his experiences in the preceding

chapters Enlightenment cannot be reached

by relying on teachers or By ignoring

the world this chapter marks the end of

one phase of siddhartha's quest the next

part of his quest takes him away from

the spiritual world into the material

world

Awakening gathers the import of the

first few chapters crystallizes them

within siddhartha's mind and shows how

they act as Catalyst for Revelation

prompting Siddhartha to move forward

into the material world he can no longer

ignore the material world his imminent

investigation of the material world and

the knowledge he will gain from this

investigation will be just as important

as the knowledge he has gained thus far

from his association with teachers and

religion the conclusion to Awakening

suggests that siddhartha's upcoming

investigation into the material world is

a continuation of a correct path toward

Enlightenment thus he say conveys to the

reader that siddhartha's optimism is

correct and that the next step will

bring him closer to his goal

so let us try to recapsulate what we

have learned through this session in

this session part one was critically

analyzed the four chapters were dealt in

detail to sum it up in Siddhartha of the

protagonist life parallels little of

Buddha's history even though Siddhartha

practice participates in holy sacrifices

meditation practices and discussions

with the adult pyramids he is not

satisfied he seeks Enlightenment

otherwise known as inner peace and feels

that he has learned all that he can from

his teachers and books he seeks

permission from his father to join the

samnas the self-deven denial of the

Summoners isn't enough to Enlightenment

Enlighten him he has learned that

timelessness cannot be found apart from

the self rendering the samana's teaching

useless for him Siddhartha and Govinda

have spent three years with the samras

they learn of a man named Gautama Buddha

who has achieved enlightenment

he believes Enlightenment must be

experienced not taught Siddhartha

realizes that all religions offer

specific formulas for reaching

Enlightenment just as all teachers offer

knowledge caused in terms of their own

experiences and so he cannot rely on any

individual religion or teacher in his

search of Enlightenment Awakening

encapsulates a revelation that is the

fourth chapter that Siddhartha has

learned from his experiences in the

preceding chapters Enlightenment cannot

be reached by relying on teachers or By

ignoring the world

preferences used for this session

in the next session the remaining eight

chapters will be critically analyzed

thank you