How To Automate Your Literature Review ETHICALLY Using ChatGPT (Prof. David Stuckler)
Summary
TLDRIn this video, Professor Davis Suckler demonstrates an ethical method to automate literature reviews using AI, specifically Chat GPT. He guides viewers through defining research questions, developing outlines, and conducting literature searches, emphasizing the importance of original research and avoiding plagiarism. The video also covers the use of free tools like Zotero and Google Scholar, and introduces a 'PIER' writing system for structuring academic paragraphs. Lastly, he showcases how Chat GPT can assist in editing for clarity and conciseness, while advocating for the responsible use of AI to enhance, not replace, human research capabilities.
Takeaways
- π Use AI like Chat GPT to automate literature reviews ethically without plagiarizing.
- π Start with a clear research question and define boundaries to avoid getting lost in research.
- π‘ Chat GPT can help formulate potential research questions and refine them to a specific topic.
- π Invert the traditional order of literature review writing by creating an outline first, then developing a search strategy.
- π Use Chat GPT to generate an initial outline with potential themes for the literature review.
- βοΈ Refine the outline based on the specific requirements of your project or paper length.
- π Conduct targeted searches on Google Scholar using themes from the outline to find relevant literature.
- π Use Zotero for managing references and creating a dedicated library for your project.
- π Apply the STRIP method to extract key points from articles and place them into the correct sections of your outline.
- π Use the PIER writing system (Point, Evidence, Explanation, Repeating sentence) to structure your paragraphs effectively.
- βοΈ Edit your work using Chat GPT to refine the language and style, ensuring it's academic and succinct.
Q & A
What is the main purpose of the video?
-The main purpose of the video is to demonstrate how to automate a literature review using AI in an ethical way, without plagiarizing, and in accordance with university and publishing rules.
Why might students feel hesitant about using AI tools for academic work?
-Students might feel hesitant about using AI tools because they may perceive it as cheating or fear that it could lead to academic misconduct, such as plagiarism.
What is the first step in writing a literature review according to the video?
-The first step is defining a clear research question and setting boundaries to avoid getting lost in the vast amount of literature.
How can Chat GPT assist in refining a research question?
-Chat GPT can list out potential research questions based on a given topic, helping to connect the topic to an outcome and define the population for the study.
What is the significance of developing an outline before conducting a literature search?
-Developing an outline helps to create a structure for the literature review, which can then guide the search for relevant literature and ensure a focused approach.
Why is it recommended to use Google Scholar for literature searches?
-Google Scholar is recommended because it is a free and comprehensive resource that is accessible to everyone, aligning with the video's commitment to open access and reducing barriers for high-quality research.
What is the STRIP method mentioned in the video for conducting literature searches?
-The STRIP method is a technique developed to help identify key components from articles during literature searches, which can then be organized and used to avoid plagiarism.
What is Zotero and why is it important for managing literature?
-Zotero is a free reference management tool that helps researchers save, organize, and cite their sources, which is crucial for avoiding plagiarism and managing literature effectively.
What is the 'PIE' system mentioned in the video for writing paragraphs?
-The 'PIE' system stands for Point, Evidence, and Explanation. It is a method to structure academic paragraphs, ensuring each paragraph makes one main point supported by evidence and explanation.
How can Chat GPT assist in editing a literature review?
-Chat GPT can help edit a literature review by refining the language, improving the academic tone, and ensuring clear and succinct writing, thus saving time, especially for non-native English speakers.
What is the final secret tip mentioned in the video for transforming writing?
-The final secret tip is to use the 'PIE' system in conjunction with Chat GPT's editing capabilities to transform writing, making it more effective and efficient.
Outlines
π Ethical Automation of Literature Review with AI
The speaker, Professor Davis Suckler, introduces the concept of automating literature reviews using AI like Chat GPT, emphasizing the importance of doing so ethically to avoid plagiarism and comply with academic standards. He assures that the process will be guided in a way that supports students and researchers in their journey, from beginners to professionals, and shares his wish for such tools during his early career. The video promises a secret tip for writing that will transform the literature review process.
π Inverting the Traditional Literature Review Process
The video script outlines an unconventional approach to writing a literature review by inverting the usual order of steps. Instead of starting with a search strategy, the process begins with defining a clear research question and using AI to generate a structured outline. This outline serves as a guide for focused literature searches on Google Scholar, using the STRIP method to avoid plagiarism and effectively incorporate relevant literature into the review.
π Writing and Editing with AI Assistance
The script details the use of AI in the writing and editing stages of a literature review. It introduces the PIER system (Point, Evidence, Explanation, Repeating sentence) for structuring paragraphs effectively. The speaker demonstrates how to use Chat GPT to edit and refine the drafted paragraphs, ensuring they are academically toned and succinct. The video also addresses the importance of using simple language and letting data speak for itself, while also cautioning against 'Purple Prose' or overly complicated language.
π Overcoming Literature Review Hurdles with AI
In the final paragraph, the speaker shares a success story of a student who, after struggling to complete a literature review, was able to do so efficiently with the help of Chat GPT. The video concludes with an encouragement to embrace AI as a tool for enhancing research capabilities rather than perceiving it as a threat. The speaker invites viewers to join a community of practice on Facebook for further support and collaboration in research endeavors.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Automate
π‘Ethical
π‘Plagiarism
π‘Research Question
π‘Search Strategy
π‘Outline
π‘Zotero
π‘Google Scholar
π‘STRIP Method
π‘PIEr System
π‘Academic Tone
Highlights
Automating literature review using AI while maintaining ethical standards to avoid plagiarism.
Importance of learning the correct methodology to effectively use AI tools in research.
Transforming a broad topic into a specific research question to define clear boundaries for the literature review.
Utilizing Chat GPT to generate potential research questions and refine them.
Inverting the traditional order of literature review writing by creating an outline first, then developing a search strategy.
Chat GPT's role in creating a structured outline for a literature review with potential themes.
Customizing the outline based on the requirements of the project, such as word count or academic level.
The necessity of a search strategy and using Google Scholar for targeted searches on outline themes.
Integrating the STRIP method to avoid plagiarism by forensically searching and citing sources.
The critical role of Zotero in managing references and avoiding plagiarism during the literature review process.
The saturation point in literature searching where no new information is found, indicating comprehensive coverage.
Chat GPT's utility in editing and refining academic writing for clarity and succinctness.
The PER system (Point, Evidence, Repeating sentence) for structuring paragraphs effectively in academic writing.
Editing with Chat GPT to enhance the academic tone and writing style of the literature review.
The transformative effect of overcoming the literature review hurdle on the progression of academic work.
Embracing AI as a tool for coexistence and competitive advantage in research and academia.
The importance of community and collective practice in advancing research and supporting peers.
Transcripts
hey professor Davis suckler today I'm
going to show you how you can automate
your literature review using chat GPT
but unlike other videos you may have
seen I'm going to show you how to do
this in a completely ethical way and I
say this as a professor because I want
to make sure that you feel confident you
know sometimes with these tools it can
feel like cheating and because in many
cases you are but I'm going to show you
how to do this without plagiarizing and
without uh running a foul of any of the
rules of your University or of
publishing wherever you are in your
journey as a student all the way through
to being a researcher or Professor like
myself now I'm also going to show you
kind of the right way to do things and
how you can supercharge them with AI I
think it's really important that you
learn the right way to do things going
forward so that you can then augment
with these new tools that are available
that frankly I wish I would have had
when when I started where you are uh
Flash Forward now I've post 400 articles
and peer rreview journals I could have
done this a lot faster using the tips
here finally of course is YouTube if you
stick around I'm going to show you a
secret tip for your writing that's going
to transform the way you think and help
you feel really good about your
literature review and know what you need
to do doing the first past yourself so
let's dive straight in we're going to
cover the four stages of writing a
literature review starting with defining
your research question now you need to
at least have a topic in mind I've got
an example here from a student I've been
working with who asked hey you know
Chris what's your research question uh I
don't know I'm interested in school impr
Improvement plans exactly so many of you
might be in that very same place you
need to turn this into a clear question
and Define boundaries so that you don't
get lost to say take a topic like I
don't know uh feminism I want to
understand feminism well you're going to
run in circles and get lost feel
frustrated and confused you need to
connect that to an outcome to study a
relationship like the impact of feminism
on income inequality that's going to put
boundaries and parameters so that you
limit the space of your search so you
don't get get lost and many of you just
want to get this done in in a pragmatic
and reasonable amount of time so okay so
School Improvement plans and you can see
even if you just start without that
outcome chat gbt is going to help you so
it's going to list out help me find a
research question it's going to list out
a series of potential questions um such
as this one how effective are School
Improvement plans and enhancing student
academic performance in underperforming
schools that's great it's immediately uh
really connected the outcome and defined
also here the population uh under
performing schools kind of your your
tools that you have available in
refining your research question you can
Define the population here US
underperforming schools as a population
outcomes here's student academic
performance um what you're looking at
sometimes the intervention or exposure
here at school Improvement uh I really
like this question and ultimately
working with a student that's what we
went with but you can see there's also a
many of other questions that you can
look at and some of these you might want
to integrate into your review anyway so
keep them in mind when you've got this
and you've defined your research
question normally now you would move to
the second stage which is developing a
search strategy to go find literature on
This research question except with this
new breed of tools we can short circuit
that process and we're actually going to
go to step three and invert the order
and then come back to step two so step
three is we're going to develop an
outline and a structure and instead of
conventionally getting material and
developing structure we're going to use
support of the power uh of chat gbt to
go create a structure and outline Force
we might refine this later but it's
going to be a first start and help focus
our search so let me show you how to do
that okay so scroll down and let's say
hey chat GPT let's go with the first one
can you write an outline for a
literature review with a structure and
potential themes ever willing to help
certainly uh it comes up with a
structured outline it's really important
that you put structure and potential
themes in your outline so uh it gives
you working title an introduction it's
going to set up you need a little place
to put your methods if if you don't have
a method that's really the search
strategy I said in the Second Step we're
going to talk about that in a second um
and it gives you a series of outlines
section one an overview maybe historical
context section two really getting into
the meat of the article the
effectiveness of these School
Improvement plans uh with subsections
there section three challenges and
limitations this is great this is going
to save you a ton of time you can adjust
this outline say hey chat gbt calibrate
this I need this to be around just thw
essay if you're doing it for a school
project if you're doing this as a paper
you want for a peer-reviewed article
maybe you want to save towards a
3,000-word structure you might want to
eliminate some sections you may even
find as you go through and I'm going to
show you an example in a second that
you're going to tweak some of these
bullet components of the outline um so
remember this is not cheating right CET
GPT hasn't done the work for you this is
essentially like you've had a
conversation with me or another
professor to give you a framework tools
and methods from within which you can
roll up your sleeves now and do the work
so how are you going to do that like I
said next step you need a search
strategy and the starting point that I
recommend especially if you're doing
this for the first time is to head over
to Google Scholar and we're going to do
targeted forensic searches on each of
these outline themes so what we need to
do is we're going to copy and paste this
outline we're going to bring it over to
word and then we're going to move to
Google Scholar start searching and use
our strip method a method we've
developed to really help you in your
literature review but while still
avoiding plagiarism let me show you how
so back here to chat GPT and we're just
going to copy all of this and uh drop it
let's pull up a Word document here we go
we've got we got our structure here in
our Word document and now what I'm going
to do is go straight over to Google
Scholar so let me open up a new window
Google Scholar and let's pop in school
Improvement plan sip Effectiveness in
the US and what you can see we're going
to pull up a bunch of different articles
I found one here that's worth noting and
what we're going to do is we're going to
click on this article and the next thing
you need to do you need to start saving
these articles so if you don't already
have it you need zoto and you'll see a
little connector if you set this up
correctly save to zoto so click on save
to zoto it's going to ask you which
Library well hang on wait a second I
need to create a library create a
dedicated library for your project so
come in here create a new collection so
by if you're not using zotero but you're
using cat GPT you really need to have a
conversation with yourself you're using
Advanced tools but not using the basic
one
it's like don't even have a cell phone
and you're trying to make a phone call
and and you're still using landlines
this is fundamental you need zoto okay I
digress so um back here zoto uh is free
I I'm 100% committed to these free
platforms committed to open access uh
because I I really want to reduce the
barriers so that everybody in the world
wherever you are can do high quality
research so here we go create let's just
call this sip okay and zot is going to
save it the item right here click on my
library I'm going to pick the library I
want it in sip bam done it's going to
come back to zotar I've got it here
later on when you get the PDF you can
upload it there we've got a full video
on getting started with so tarot you
need this okay so now that we've got
this here we're going to avoid the risk
of plagiarizing because we're going to
site everything I'm not going to go
through the full article but I'm going
to show you how to use our strip method
so I can already see here several
components of this abstract that are
relevant I'm just going to pluck these
bits out and we're going to move this
into our working document here in word
and you want to make sure you get the
reference here so you avoid any risk of
plagiarism um so going do this
automatically but I'm just going to pop
this in here for now so I've got it here
and if you look in this abstract you're
going to do this with a key you're going
to forensically go through your article
and pull out key bits but I can see
different points that fit in different
sections so this one here zooming in
says that the empirical evidence based
on school Improvement plans is limited
great that's not just me saying that
that's somebody who in 2023 said hey on
This research question there's limited
limited evidence so what's that going to
do that's going to help Focus the
purpose of the review to say that
there's a gap and I'm just going to put
this here and drop this and say this is
Mariano at all 2023 and U we're going to
rewrite this later we're going to
rewrite everything later we're just
dropping the evidence in the right place
in the outline um same thing here I can
see here ah there's even less on the
intersection of school equity and
planning oh that's really interesting
and tells me hang on wait a second maybe
that's a really important part of the
these studies on academic outcomes it's
going to be a subsection of academic
outcomes maybe I'm going to look at the
equity side of it maybe it's going to
get its own bullet point but for now
this Equity Point here is really
important and I'm going to drop this
Mariano study here to just say hey even
less literature focuses on this point
about Equity um which is really
important the median student might not
reflect underprivileged students for
example um so we'll come back to that so
you're going to repeat this process on
each of these bullet points until you
hit saturation that is when you go into
Google Scholar you search for more
articles and you're not getting anything
new you've captured it all there's
nothing left to say and that sat
satation often will hit when you've hit
maybe 5 to 10 articles for each of these
bullet points that's often enough but
it's going to depend on how mature your
field is so again this is not unethical
because you are doing the research and
heavy lifting yourself but CAD GPT has
lowered the barrier made it a lot faster
enhanced your power as a human uh to
hone in on the value unique value added
that that you're able to contribute so
that is step three one other thing I
just want to flag for you I am committed
to free tools there are other tools
within which apart from Google schol
that you can search for example one of
these tools is called site which will
search the literature for you and this
can be quite helpful but it is a paid
for tool for the vast majority of you
Google Scholar is more than good enough
and that's my official recommendation um
there is a place for these tools but
again in the spirit of Open Access like
zoto and Google Scholar I want to really
promote on this channel free publicly
available resources that anybody can do
this anywhere in the world no matter
what resource you have available to you
so you've gone through you've harvested
your literature you've popped it into
your reference manager you're ready to
go to start writing the fourth critical
step where chat GPT is going to help you
is on editing and it's going to save you
a ton of time but you do need to know
our secret formula for writing well it's
going to make chat GPT more effective
and it's going to help you really flesh
out this outline fast we use a pier
system that we've developed and adapted
and Pier is kind of like a hamburger uh
where each of the elements appear p e r
are kind of like the bun the meat and
the other bun of the hamburger p is the
point it's a topic sentence it's the
main point each paragraph should make
one point following our one point Rule
and that's usually the first sentence of
your paragraph then you have the ease
which is kind of like the meat the
cheese and these are evidence example
explanation and finally the last
component is the bun is the repeating
sentence while I'm going to talk about
Theory I'm going to show you not just
tell you how to do this and in fact it's
one of my pet peeves personally that
professors kind of treat students like a
banking system I'm open your mouths I'm
going toit information keep it and
regurgitate it uh I I I try to of level
the playing field and think of us as
intellectually curious equals working
together to advance the collective body
of knowledge research to make an impact
like so many of you who follow this
channel really want to do with your work
let me show you coming back to our
outline how you're going to do that so
let's take this uh Mariana point about
equity and how could we flush this out
so uh my sense I'm going to make
something up here okay don't make things
up but uh something that's probably the
case based on what they said and how you
can flush this out so if we're going to
make this into a full-blown paragraph I
would probably start something like this
despite I know a wealth of evidence on
the impact of sips on academic
performance much less scholarship exists
on its uh Effectiveness for
underprivileged or resource deprived
students right that is the point of the
paragraph that I'm going to make the
second I'm going to maybe cook this a
little bit more using cooking anology I
really don't want to drop in raw food I
want to kind of develop this a bit more
I'm going to explain it I'm going to say
it is I'm fleshing out this idea it is
highly likely that um the uh effect of
Si P for median or average students um
is different than that on uh uh lower
income or ethnic minority groups you
know and then here I'm going to deploy
kind of like dropping in a little nugget
of evidence I'm deploying ammunition
notice one thing I'm going to do here
I'm not writing the paragraph to say
Marano and colleagues in 2023 XXX it's
quite a boring way to write you'll
sometimes see people who are novices Mar
colleagues did this Luigi did this I'm
going with Italians because my
colleagues are all Italians so Mario did
this right no you don't want to do that
make your point and then drop your
evidence like to back that point up so
we're going to do this here and say okay
one study by Mar or and it was actually
a Content analys One content analys by
Mariano and colleagues well side it 2023
um reviewed sips in uh tier one US
schools some things up you need to go
through and get this evidence into the
outline um um and found that less than
2% performed an evaluation of
Effectiveness and of those none included
an evaluation of uh Equitable effects
clearly uh more research is needed to
understand how sips impact on vulnerable
groups Okay so something like this right
so you've got your first draft and
you're going to do this use our Pier
system here right like what what we've
got the point here the uh explanation
and the evidence and the repeating or
linking sentence with spelling errors um
here and then what we're going to do is
chat GPT you can now take this whole
section in editing and this is where
you're going to tap the power in an
ethical way of chat GPT because you've
done the first dra yourself using our
Pier system using the outline um and
drop this back into chat GPT we're going
to ask chat GPD to edit this for us so
I'm going say here um please edit this
paragraph um that is in the literature
review above in an academic tone
featuring clear and succinct writing
style okay and we're just going to drop
this in um you do need to Prime GP chat
GPT to let it know what you want it to
do and if we come down here we're we're
going to see this is a little bit a
little bit wordy but I I I like it
there's uh despite this extensive
research so some of this is just
wordsmithing of it that's okay I would
be careful sometimes it says startlingly
low rate I'm a little bit British in my
writing I like to let the data speak for
themselves and not try to embellish or
add accents so some of this is what
we'll turn into a little bit of what I
call Purple Pros just using more
complicated language than is needed use
Simple language when possible I always
encourage my students to try to explain
things so that their grandmother can
understand things like alarming
this tone just isn't right and this is
where CH gpg goes a little bit off but
you'll see it it did really little
change to the structure um and this can
help you save time especially if English
is not your first language I recommend
tools like grammarly but chat GPT here
is going to save you a bunch of time
editing so that's it guys my student who
had failed to do his literature review
three times before tapped the power of
chat GPT and got this review and school
Improvement plans done in under a week
and in the right way that he could feel
proud of and all I feel proud of that he
using cat gbt learned faster mastered
the basics and now is gone from chapter
2 which was literature review and
already breezing through chapters 3 four
and five it's almost like getting past
this first Hurd of literature review
unlocks the floodgates for everything
that comes next it's so often the
sticking point that I see for so many
students who just get frustrated don't
know what to do and throw in the towel
and give up don't let that happen to you
that's exactly what this channel is
about I do believe the future is going
to be that AI will surpass our abilities
as humans and we need to learn to
coexist and not feel threatened by it
but use chat gpg in the right way and
we're going to continue to deliver
content like this on this channel for
you because if you're not using it you
are at a competitive disadvantage
compared to your peers uh so uh again
stay tuned for more comment like this
you've requested it from me I'm
delivering it to you by the way uh do
join my Facebook group if you like this
video give me a like subscribe and in my
Facebook group we can communicate
directly we have live chats where
professors other research students and
peers are collectively working together
as a community of practice to help
Advance our own research and kind of
lift the tide for all boats uh do hope
you join hope to see you there and I'm
going to look forward to seeing you in
the next video
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