Complete Spanish, Track 21 - Language Transfer, The Thinking Method

Summary

This video script explores the use of the present tense in Spanish to express future and past actions, similar to English. It delves into the concept of using 'haber' as an auxiliary verb to form the compound past tense, explaining the irregularities and providing a mnemonic based on the vowels 'a' and 'e' to remember its conjugations. The script simplifies the process of creating the past tense for verbs by removing the '-r' and adding '-ado' or '-ido', demonstrating with examples like 'he hablado' (I have spoken). It highlights the prevalence of this tense in Spanish, often used more frequently than in English, and encourages learners to practice constructing sentences with these verb forms.

Takeaways

• 🕒 The script discusses how the present tense in Spanish can be used to talk about future events, such as 'pronto' (soon), 'mañana' (tomorrow), and 'la próxima semana' (next week).
• 🗣 There are three main ways to talk about the past in both English and Spanish, including the simple past, past continuous, and present perfect.
• 📚 In Spanish, the verb 'haber' is used to form the present perfect tense, and it is irregular with different forms for each subject pronoun.
• 🔤 The verb 'haber' can be remembered by its two key vowel sounds, 'a' and 'e', which help to determine the conjugation forms for different subjects.
• 🔄 The conjugation of 'haber' is connected to the subject pronouns 'yo' (I) and 'nosotros' (we), with 'he' (I have) and 'hemos' (we have) being examples.
• 📖 The script explains that Spanish verbs in the present perfect tense lose their '-r' and add '-ido' for past participles, which is simpler than in English.
• 👥 The past participle formation is consistent for all verbs in Spanish, making it easier to learn compared to the irregular forms in English.
• 🤔 The script encourages learners to think about the structure of sentences in Spanish, breaking them down into components before constructing the full sentence.
• 🎉 The present perfect tense is used more frequently in Spanish than in English, making it an important concept for learners to master.
• 📍 The script provides examples of how to form sentences in the present perfect tense, such as 'he anticipado' (I have anticipated) and 'hemos anticipado' (we have anticipated).
• 🗣️ The use of 'haber' with verbs like 'tomar' (to take) and 'hablar' (to speak) is demonstrated, showing the consistency of the past participle formation in Spanish.

Q & A

How can the present tense be used to talk about the future in Spanish?

The present tense in Spanish can be used to talk about the future in certain contexts, such as when expressing something that will happen soon ('pronto'), or when referring to the next day ('mañana'), the next week, or events that are expected to occur in the near future.

What are the three main ways to talk about the past in both English and Spanish?

The three main ways to talk about the past are: using the simple past tense (e.g., 'I ate'), the past continuous tense (e.g., 'I was eating'), and the present perfect tense (e.g., 'I have eaten').

How is the verb 'to have' expressed in Spanish when referring to past actions, like 'I have eaten'?

In Spanish, 'to have' when referring to past actions is expressed with the verb 'haber', which is irregular and takes different forms depending on the subject (e.g., 'he' for 'I have', 'habéis' for 'you have', 'ha' for 'he/she/it has').

What is the significance of the vowel sounds 'a' and 'e' in the verb 'haber'?

The vowel sounds 'a' and 'e' in 'haber' are used to remember its conjugated forms. 'e' by itself means 'I have' (he), and 'a' is used for 'he/she/it has' (ha), helping to remember the irregular forms of the verb.

How can we determine the plural forms of 'haber' in the first person plural (we)?

The plural form for 'we have' is derived from the singular 'I have' (he) by changing it to 'hemos', following the pattern of adding 'mos' to the base form.

What happens to the verb when we want to form the present perfect tense in Spanish?

To form the present perfect tense in Spanish, the final 'r' of the verb is removed, and 'do' is added to the end, creating a new form that follows the conjugation of 'haber'.

Can you provide an example of how to form the present perfect tense with the verb 'hablar' (to speak)?

To form the present perfect tense with 'hablar', you would take the infinitive form 'hablar', remove the 'r', and add 'do', resulting in 'hablado', which is then used with the appropriate form of 'haber' to express 'I have spoken', 'you have spoken', etc.

How is the word 'tempo' related to the concept of time in Spanish?

In Spanish, 'tempo' changes to 'tiempo', which means 'time' and is used to express durations or periods, similar to how 'tempo' is used in music.

What is the informal way of saying 'you have' in Spanish?

The informal way of saying 'you have' in Spanish is 'tienes', which is derived from the verb 'tener' (to have) in its second person singular form.

Can the present perfect tense in Spanish be used to ask if someone has celebrated something?

Yes, the present perfect tense in Spanish can be used to ask if someone has celebrated something, similar to how it is used in English (e.g., '¿Has celebrado?').

How do you form the past participle of a verb like 'tomar' (to take or drink) in the present perfect tense in Spanish?

To form the past participle of 'tomar', you remove the 'r' and add 'do', resulting in 'tomado', which is then used with the appropriate form of 'haber' to express the present perfect tense (e.g., 'he tomado' for 'I have taken').

Outlines

00:00

📚 Spanish Tenses: Present, Past, and Perfect

This paragraph discusses the use of the present tense in Spanish to express future events, utilizing words like 'pronto' for soon and 'mañana' for tomorrow. It also explains the three primary ways to talk about the past in both English and Spanish. The focus then shifts to the use of the present tense in Spanish to describe past actions through the verb 'haber', which is irregular and requires memorization of its forms. The paragraph provides a mnemonic technique using the vowels 'a' and 'e' found within 'haber' to remember its conjugations, and explains the connection between the forms of 'yo' (I) and 'nosotros' (we), as well as the formation of 'ustedes' (you all). It also touches on the use of 'haber' with past participles to form the compound past tense, similar to 'I have eaten' in English.

05:03

🗣️ Mastering the Spanish Perfect Tense with 'Haber'

The second paragraph delves deeper into the use of the Spanish perfect tense formed with 'haber' and past participles. It illustrates how verbs lose their '-r' ending and add '-ido' for past participles. The speaker provides examples of forming sentences in the perfect tense, such as 'he hablado' (I have spoken), and discusses the placement of negation. The paragraph also emphasizes the frequency of the perfect tense in Spanish compared to English, suggesting it is more commonly used. It includes examples of forming questions and negative statements in the perfect tense and ends with a note on the use of 'por' to indicate duration, as in 'por mucho tiempo' (for a long time).

10:06

📝 Applying the Perfect Tense with Examples and Thought Process

The final paragraph provides a practical application of the Spanish perfect tense, offering a step-by-step thought process for constructing sentences. It includes examples of forming past participles by removing the '-r' and adding '-ado' or '-ido', and then using them with 'haber' to express actions completed in the past. The paragraph encourages learners to break down sentences into their components and to think through each part before combining them. It also includes a brief mention of the verb 'tomar' (to take or to drink) and how its past participle is formed, as well as a prompt for the learner to apply this knowledge to construct sentences like 'ella ha tomado' (she has taken).

Keywords

💡Present Tense

The present tense in Spanish, as in English, is used to describe actions that are happening now or are generally true. In the context of the video, it is also used to talk about the future, which is a key concept for understanding the video's theme of time and verb tenses. For example, 'Pronto' (soon) and 'Manana' (tomorrow) are used in the present tense to refer to future events.

💡Past Tense

The past tense is used to describe actions that have already occurred. The video script explains three main ways to talk about the past in both English and Spanish, emphasizing the differences and similarities between the languages. This concept is central to the video's exploration of verb conjugation and tense usage.

💡Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the standard conjugation patterns in a language. The script discusses 'haber', an irregular Spanish verb meaning 'to have', which is used to form the perfect tenses. The irregularity of 'haber' is highlighted as a key point for learners to memorize its various forms, such as 'he' (I have) and 'emos' (we have).

💡Conjugation

Conjugation refers to the alteration of a verb's form to express different grammatical functions, such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, and number. The video script provides a detailed explanation of how to conjugate the verb 'haber' and other verbs in the past tense, illustrating the process with examples like 'he comido' (I have eaten).

💡Perfect Tense

The perfect tense is used to describe actions that have been completed at some point in the past or that have relevance to the present moment. The script explains how to form the perfect tense in Spanish by using 'haber' and the past participle of the main verb, such as in 'he hablado' (I have spoken).

💡Past Participle

The past participle is a form of a verb used to create perfect tenses. In the script, it is mentioned that in Spanish, verbs lose their 'r' and add 'd' to form the past participle, which is then used with 'haber' to create the perfect tense, as in 'hablado' from 'hablar' (to speak).

💡Anticipation

Anticipation refers to the act of expecting or looking forward to something. The video script uses 'anticipación' to illustrate how to form sentences in the perfect tense, showing how the concept of time is intertwined with verb tenses, as in 'he anticipado' (I have anticipated).

💡Tempo

Although 'tempo' is primarily a musical term referring to the speed or pace of a piece, the script mentions its adaptation in Spanish as 'tiempo', which more broadly refers to time. This highlights the flexibility of language and the transfer of concepts across different contexts.

💡Celebrate

The verb 'celebrar' (to celebrate) is used in the script to demonstrate how to ask about past actions in Spanish, as in '¿Has celebrado?' (Have you celebrated?). This example shows the practical application of the perfect tense in forming questions about past events.

💡Tomar

The verb 'tomar' means 'to take' or 'to drink' in Spanish. The script uses 'tomar' to show the formation of the perfect tense with irregular verbs, such as 'he tomado' (I have taken), reinforcing the concept of verb conjugation and tense usage.

Highlights

Using the present tense in Spanish to talk about the future with words like 'pronto' and 'mañana'.

Three main ways to talk about the past in both English and Spanish: simple past, past continuous, and present perfect.

The complexity of forming the present perfect tense in English compared to the simplicity in Spanish.

The Spanish verb 'haber' used for expressing actions completed in the past, with 'he' being the first person singular form.

Memory trick using the vowels 'a' and 'e' in 'haber' to remember its conjugations.

Only two verbs in Spanish form their 'ey' form irregularly like 'haber'.

Understanding the connection between 'yo' (I) and 'nosotros' (we) to deduce 'hemos' (we have).

Formation of 'habéis' (you have, informal plural) by adding 'ís' to the base of 'haber'.

Conjugation of 'habrá' (he/she/it will have) and 'habrán' (they will have) in third person singular and plural.

How to form past participles in Spanish by removing the 'r' from the verb and adding 'do'.

Use of the present perfect tense in Spanish is more common than in English.

Formation of 'hablado' (spoken) by changing the verb 'hablar' and using it in sentences.

The use of 'por' in Spanish to indicate a duration of time, similar to 'for' in English.

Formation of 'anticipado' (anticipated) by removing the 'r' from 'anticipo' and adding 'do'.

How to ask '¿Has celebrado?' (Have you celebrated?) in an informal way in Spanish.

The transformation of the English word 'tempo' into 'tiempo' in Spanish to mean time.

The formation of 'he tomado' (I have taken) by using the base 'tom' and adding the appropriate conjugation of 'haber'.

Guidance on deconstructing sentences in Spanish to understand and form complex verb tenses.

Transcripts

so we've seen how we can use the present

to talk about the future in Spanish

using boy or using some future context

Pronto soon Manana

tomorrow the week that comes next week

but we can also use the present in

Spanish to talk about the past just as

we can in English in English and in

Spanish we have three ways to talk about

the past or three main ways to talk

about the past we can say for example I

ate we can say I was eating and we can

say I have

eaten now when we say I have eaten we're

using I have which is the present and

then eaten is like a version of the verb

which is kind of complicated in English

you say I have eaten I have gone I have

wanted wanted eaten and gone they're all

very different so that's kind of

complicated in English how to build that

but in Spanish it's very simp simple so

we have I ate I was eating and I have

eaten this I have eaten is going to be

the first past that we learn and we're

actually using the present now this have

is not da da we use for possession and

we use with the combination of K to give

this meaning of have

to now the verb that we use for have in

the sense of I have eaten I have gone in

Spanish it's a a h a b e r and of course

we have the silent h there

in is to have in the sense of I have

eaten but a is extremely irregular there

is no AB it's extremely irregular but

there is a very easy way we can remember

all of the versions of a even though

it's very irregular what are the two

vowel sounds that we have inside of the

verb A and E good we have a and e inside

the word a and we're going to use use

that to help us remember the versions

let's start with e e all by itself means

I have it's spelled h e and of course we

have the silent h there from a in e h e

I have we actually saw already one of

verb that forms its ey version in this

way what was two

know sa sa and I know is

I have from a is spelled h e just like

say from spelled s e there are only two

verbs that form their ey version in this

way in this very irregular way so you

get SE from sa and you get from

a different from sa all of the versions

of a are irregular now I and we are

connected we can see how we is the

plural of i i and then when I include

you and I say we it's like the plural of

I so I and we are connected so just

knowing that if you had to guess what is

we have knowing that I have is e what do

you think you would guess s this works

with nouns and adjectives so it's a very

good example of why whilst we avoiding

grammatical terminology we want to know

what type of word we're dealing with

because different words behave in

different ways nouns words you can put

the or a in front

of the wig a wig and adjectives words

that describe that you can put is in

front of is red is tall these words use

S for plural but we've never seen the

verb do that have we what does the verb

use for

we or Os or Os and what do they have in

common OS Osos the the MOs good okay so

if a is I have h e how do you think it

might be we have Emos Emos good so from

a you get and Os no now we don't want to

memorize this like we said we can think

just this just the what vows do we have

in a a and e oh okay e e by itself is I

it's connected to Wi and Os now we go to

the other vowel a h a all by itself h a

a means she has it has he has you form

will have now I'm sure you can tell me

the rest of them what are the other

versions what is they have an good so we

start with this base of and a and we can

remember that just by looking at the

vows that are

inside and then we can add on what we

need so we have e for I have OS for we

have we have a ha a for he she it you

form have or has you added an n and what

did you get an and what does that

mean they have or you guys have good and

how would you say you have

informally us us good and that's should

sayos so you have two key vow sounds and

a OS for I and for we for I and the

plural of i which is we and then you

have a for he she it an for for they us

for you in now we need to learn how to

make eaten how to make gone how to make

wanted if we want to say I have eaten I

have gone I have wanted this is very

simple in Spanish our verbs will lose

their R they will lose their final a and

they will put ad on the end so for

example we have to speak which is abl if

you want to build spoken you take off

the a and you put

on now we can speak about the past now

we can say I have spoken and we need to

think about the two bits separately I

have

spoken very

good I haven't spoken where do you think

the noise is going to go I haven't

spoken in the beginning no very good

no I haven't spoken we have spoken

he has

spoken good she has

spoken good

they an you

informal perfect well done now this is

actually more useful this past than what

you might think it is because this is

used even more in Spanish then it is in

English so maybe you want the past I

spoke but you can use for now I have

spoken this have past is very popular

and used much more than in English so

how would you say

anticipation anticipation good and to

anticipate anticip good how would you

say we have anticipated it so there's a

few things you have to think about think

about them separately then put them

together we have anticipated

it

antici so to get

anticipated you take away the r and you

put

yes and where does that law go because

anticip is not it's changed now so it's

in the beginning

so an good

OS

anticip the word for four like in time

we have anticipated it for a long time

for example is poor poor you might know

poav which means please in Spanish which

means for a

favor for a favor so this poor is also

for in the sense of for periods of time

so if you want to say we have

anticipated it for a long time we will

just say we have anticipated it for much

time maybe there's some bits in there

you think you don't know but we will see

when we get to them so the first bit is

we have anticipated

it good

for a lot or much much time we saw

briefly before that we have a word in

English that we use for time that we

only use with music what was that word

Tempo Tempo and how did it change in

Spanish Spanish tioo yes the E split so

we have anticipated it for a long

time

good much very good maybe you want to

ask somebody did you celebrate and you

think oh I don't know did yet in Spanish

you can just say have you celebrated and

that's fine like I said it's used even

more in Spanish than in English so some

certain situations it might sound a

little bit uncomfortable the translation

into English but in Spanish most of the

time it's going to be fine so have you

celebrated let's speak

informally good good so

as good as C haven't you

celebrated no as C why haven't you

celebrated good what was the word for

where where have you

celebrated good where have you

celebrated

it good so our verbs we take away the r

and we put Alo and we get this version

of the verb that we need after a which

in English has many different uh forms

like I said you have gone wanted eaten

changes a lot but in Spanish we get rid

of the r and we put Alo we said that to

take and also sometimes to drink is

tomar Tomar Tom so how would you say I

have

taken Tom Tom good we have

taken good has she taken it has she

taken

it that's a guess you're looking at me

like it's a

guess I want you to establish your own

thought process of how you're going to

find it so what's the first bit you need

to think about has she taken it has she

good what is

that okay so it's e and Emos for I and

we yes so it's oh it's ah it's

ah so has she taken

it ah sometimes I'm going to build you

up step by step sometimes I'm just going

to give you the sentence and you need to

deconstruct what thoughts you need to

have first and to divide it up into

various thoughts to get the sentence

resisting any temptation to guess or to

say something that we not sure of you

can be sure and be wrong there's no

problem there H but we want to think

about it dividing the sentence up into

each individual thing we need to think

about first she has a she has taken a

tomato she has taken it it is La where I

put the L before the change verb

Tom