ARQ013 s2 01 aproximaciones practicas al proceso de diseño

Summary

This script delves into the evolution of architectural design, emphasizing its role in accommodating human activities and values. It traces the shift from prehistoric practices to the Renaissance, where systematic principles began to emerge. The script discusses the influence of historical context, materials, and technology on architectural forms and the development of styles and authorship in architecture. It also explores various architectural theories, including morphological, stylistic, and process-oriented approaches, highlighting the importance of understanding and adapting to the site and context in the design process.

Takeaways

• 🏛 Architecture is a broad practice aimed at providing appropriate spaces for human activities, which have evolved throughout history.
• 🔄 The values that determine what makes a space suitable for human activities have also changed over time, influenced by historical periods and available materials and technologies.
• 📚 Vitruvius recognized architecture as a science that requires theory and practice, and his '10 Books of Architecture' initiated a series of Renaissance treatises defining the architectural process.
• 🎨 Renaissance architects used geometric analysis of classical architecture to codify and value its forms, adapting them to contemporary spaces through drawing, which was a fundamental tool.
• 🤹‍♂️ The concept of 'maniera' introduced during the Renaissance signifies the implementation of a personal style in architecture, leading to the notion of 'author architecture'.
• 🏙️ Post-Renaissance, the development of cities and new activities like commerce and transportation required adapting classical codes to new uses and spaces, emphasizing the stylistic aspect of classical language.
• 🛠️ The Industrial Revolution redefined the role of the architect, with academies institutionalizing architectural education and promoting universal methods and dictionaries.
• 🏗️ The focus on the internal and external functioning of buildings during the 18th and 19th centuries led to the predominance of a compositional functionalism in plan and section.
• 🎭 Some architects recognized an intuitive artistic side to architecture, which is more about the supposed genius within the architect than a process of reasoning.
• 🏡 Christopher Alexander's morphological theories emphasize the importance of context in architecture, seeking deep analysis and relationships between existing conditions for formal responses.
• 🎼 Stylistic theories propose an architecture based on the use of invariant compositional or formal codes that identify the style, often involving an a priori intention in the project proposal.
• 🔄 Process theories view architecture as an open, balanced, and global process where rational elements and intuitions coexist, with continuous transitions between analytical and synthetic phases.

Q & A

What is the broad understanding of architecture as described in the script?

The script describes architecture as a practice to ensure adequate space for human beings to carry out their activities, which has been present throughout human history but has evolved with changing human activities and values.

How have the materials and technologies for architectural projects changed over time?

The materials and technologies available or preferred for architectural projects have transformed depending on each specific historical moment, affecting how architectural projects are materialized.

What role did Vitruvius play in the history of architecture?

Vitruvius is recognized for understanding architecture as a science that should be accompanied by other knowledge and studies, and he emphasized that it is acquired through theory and practice, initiating a series of Renaissance treatises that defined the architectural process.

How did the Renaissance period influence the systematic approach to architecture?

During the Renaissance, principles of systematization began to be outlined through the analysis and definition of architectural processes, with an emphasis on the technical and formal analysis of past constructive techniques.

What is the significance of drawing as a fundamental tool in the Renaissance architectural process?

Drawing was essential during the Renaissance for the formulation of ideas and not just as a defined expression of the project, leading to the use of maquettes for idea formulation.

What is the concept of 'manière' in architecture, and how does it relate to the artisanal character of a project?

The concept of 'manière' refers to the implementation of a personal style in the formal rearrangements of architecture, leading to the artisanal character of the project and the mark of the craftsman, which is the basis for the understanding of 'author architecture' in later centuries.

How did the development of cities and new activities like commerce and transportation influence architecture in the centuries following the Renaissance?

The development of cities and new activities led to a renewed need to adapt classical codes to new uses and spaces, strengthening the stylistic character of the classical language and exploring interior spaces in buildings.

What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on the role of the architect and architectural education?

The Industrial Revolution redefined the role of the architect, and architectural education became institutionalized, leading to the creation of dictionaries and methods aiming for universality and a focus on the internal and external functioning of buildings.

What are morphological theories in architecture, and how do they relate to the context of a project?

Morphological theories view architecture as a phenomenon within a specific context, seeking a deep analysis and relationship between existing conditions like climate, built pre-existences, socio-economic, and cultural conditions to ideate formal responses to these specific constraints.

What is the concept of 'style' in stylistic theories of architecture, and how is it applied?

Stylistic theories propose an architecture practice based on the use of invariant compositional or formal codes that identify the style. The style is seen as a process that can be shared with some homogeneity by various architects, taking references from specific architectures in a process of iconic imitation.

How do process theories view the architectural design process, and what is their significance?

Process theories see the design process as an open, balanced, and global process where rational elements and intuitions coexist, and there are continuous transitions between analytical and synthetic phases, leading to a creative discontinuity and a progressive formalization of the project image.

What is the importance of understanding different architectural theories in the script's context?

Understanding different architectural theories is important as they serve as cognitive tools or practical thinking processes that should respond to the specific demands and moments in which one is working, enhancing the ability to think associatively, orderly, and systematically in architectural design.