Why Japan's Economy is Finally Growing Again

The Invisible Hand
3 May 202418:17

Summary

TLDR日本は世界最大の借金国であり、30年間の停滞後に再び成長を遂げようとしています。1980年代には経済バブルが破裂し、その後の3年間で経済は停滞しました。しかし、2023年9月に東京株価指数が過去最高を更新し、外国投資の増加とともに景気が回復しています。日本の賃金は1990年代以来ほとんど変わりませんでしたが、物価上昇により賃上げが期待され、経済は活気を取り戻しています。日本は労働不足やインフレーションという欧州経済に打撃を与えている要因から利益を得ており、これらの要因はビジネス成長と賃上げにつながります。

Takeaways

  • 🌐 日本是世界最債務累累の国ですが、30年ぶりに経済成長の兆しを見せています。
  • 📈 1980年代に日本は急速に発展しており、ソニー、タシバ、パナソニックなどの企業が国際市場を席巻しました。
  • 🏙️ 東京の皇居の敷地の価値がカリフォルニア州の不動産価値を上回るほど不動産市場も最高値を記録しました。
  • 💥 1990年代に日本の経済バブルが破裂し、その後30年間経済が停滞しています。
  • 📊 2023年9月に東京株価指数が過去最高を更新し、インターネットが誕生したばかりの1990年の記録を塗り替えました。
  • 💰 過去15年間で、日本は資金の流出から流入へ変わり、2022年に67億ドルの外資投資が流入しました。
  • 📈 上場企業の株価上昇と外資投資の増加が日本人の自信を回復させ、日本経済に対する期待が高まっています。
  • 🤔 日本は労働不足とインフレーションという欧州経済に打撃を与えている要因から利益を得ています。
  • 💼 労働不足は企業の成長を意味し、賃上げが期待されるため、1990年以来変わらずの日本の賃金にも影響を及ぼします。
  • 💵 インフレーションは1980年代以来の水準で、デフレスパイラルからの抜け出しを意味する歓迎のニュースです。
  • 🌟 日本は自然資源の乏しさにもかかわらず、独自の方法で急速に成長し、技術を导入し独自の産業化を進めました。
  • 🎓 教育と技術の進歩、そして強い労働倫理は、日本経済成長の基盤を築きました。
  • 👴 日本は高齢化社会であり、出生率の低下と人口減少という課題に直面していますが、ロボット工学やAIを活用して克服を図る可能性があります。
  • 🌳 日本は持続可能な生活や環境保護に重点を置くことで、経済成長だけでなく、文化的な豊かさと社会の福祉を重視しています。
  • 🔮 日本は先進諸国の中で初めてこのような人口学的変化に直面しており、他の国々が将来検討する必要のある解決策を模索しています。

Q & A

  • 日本の経済はなぜ30年間で成長が停滞したのですか?

    -1990年代に日本の経済バブルが破裂し、その後30年間経済成長が停滞しました。他の国々が成長を続ける一方で、日本は静止しています。

  • 2023年9月に東京株式指数が過去最高を更新したことの意味は何ですか?

    -東京株式指数が過去最高を更新することは、日本ビジネス成長の間接的な指標であり、経済が活気を回復していることを示しています。

  • 外国投資が日本経済に与える影響は何ですか?

    -過去15年間で、日本は資金の流出から流入へと変化し、2022年に6700億ドルの投資が流入しました。これは株式市場の上昇と投資家の自信を高める要因です。

  • 日本が労働不足とインフレーションから利益を得ている理由は何ですか?

    -労働不足はビジネスの成長を意味し、労働者への賃金上昇をもたらします。これは1990年代以来の賃上げが非常に必要な日本にとってプラスの影響です。

  • 日本の経済が過去30年間でデフレーションから抜け出る助けになったものは何ですか?

    -デフレーションからの抜け出しは、インフレーションのレベルが1980年代以来最も高い水準に達し、これが経済にとって歓迎されるニュースです。

  • 日本の戦後の経済復興はどのように促進されましたか?

    -アメリカのトランザム政権は、より強固で自由でリベラルな日本を確立することで共産主義の進出を防ぎ、日本に約20億ドルの援助を行いました。

  • 日本の経済成長の鍵は何ですか?

    -日本の経済成長の鍵は、技術の輸入と改善、優れた製品、そして生産性の高さによる競争力の強さです。

  • 日本の経済が直面している最大の課題は何ですか?

    -日本の経済が直面している最大の課題は、高齢化する人口、借金、およびデフレーションです。

  • 安倍経済学はどのような改革を導入しましたか?

    -安倍経済学は、政府の積極的な支出、負の金利、および前例のない規模の量の緩和政策を通じて経済を刺激することを目指す3つの箭の改革を導入しました。

  • 日本の人口減少は経済にどのような影響を与える可能性がありますか?

    -日本の人口減少は、労働力の縮小、需要の低下、および経済成長の阻害につながる可能性があります。

  • 日本の経済が持続可能な成長を目指すためにどのような戦略を採用していますか?

    -日本の経済は、ロボット工学とAIの活用、持続可能な生活、環境保護のイニシアチブ、そして新技術の活用を通じて、人口減少の課題に対処する戦略を採用しています。

Outlines

00:00

📈 日本の復活の兆し

日本は世界で最も債務が多い国ですが、30年ぶりに経済成長の兆しを見せています。1980年代には、ソニーやパナソニックなどの企業が国際市場を席巻し、不動産市場も好調で、東京の皇居の価値はカリフォルニア州全体の不動産価値を上回っていました。しかし、1990年代にバブルが崩壊し、30年間の経済停滞が続きました。しかし、2023年9月に東京株価指数が過去最高を記録し、外国からの投資が増加していることが報告されています。労働力不足とインフレーションが、欧州経済には悪影響を及ぼす一方で、日本経済にはプラスに働いているのです。

05:01

💡 日本経済の急成長とその後の衰退

日本は自然資源に乏しいにもかかわらず、世界有数の経済大国に成長しました。第二次世界大戦後の復興期には、アメリカの援助や朝鮮戦争による需要が日本の製造業を支えました。1980年代には、ウォークマンやCDプレーヤー、そして新幹線などの革新的な製品を生み出し、輸出主導の成長を遂げました。しかし、1980年代末にバブルが崩壊し、経済は停滞期に入りました。過剰な借金とデフレーション、そして高齢化社会が日本経済を長期的に苦しめてきました。

10:02

📉 デフレーションと経済停滞

1990年代初頭にバブルが崩壊した後、日本はデフレーションと経済停滞に苦しみました。住宅価格の急落とそれに伴う大量の借金が、消費者の支出を抑制し、経済全体の需要が低下しました。これに対処するために、日本銀行は金利を引き下げましたが、効果は限定的でした。政府はその後、大規模な銀行救済を行いましたが、デフレーションは続きました。2012年以降、安倍晋三首相の下で「アベノミクス」と呼ばれる一連の経済政策が導入されましたが、高齢化と人口減少が経済成長を妨げ続けています。

15:04

🤖 技術革新と未来への希望

日本の生産性は高い水準を維持しており、技術革新が経済成長の鍵となっています。アジアの経済成長に伴い、日本はその地理的な利点を活かし、アジア諸国との貿易を強化しています。また、日本は労働力不足を補うためにロボット工学とAIを導入し、技術による革新を進めています。これにより、少子高齢化の課題に対処しつつ、持続可能な社会の構築を目指しています。経済成長の速度は以前ほどではないかもしれませんが、質の高い生活と文化遺産を重視することで、新たな成功の形を示しています。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡経済バブル

経済バブルとは、経済が非効率的な投資や過剰な信用拡大によって一時的に繁栄し、その後急速に崩壊する現象を指します。ビデオでは、1990年代に日本の経済バブルが破裂し、その後30年間経済が停滞したと説明しています。これはビデオの主題である日本の経済発展と停滞に直接関係しています。

💡デフレ

デフレは、物価が持続的に下がることを指し、経済成長を阻害する要因の1つです。ビデオでは、日本のデフレが国民の消費行動に影響を与え、経済活動を弱め、銀行が企業への貸出を減らすことで投資とイノベーションが低下したと触れています。

💡アベノミクス

アベノミクスは、安倍晋三首相が2012年に導入した経済政策の総称で、3つの矢(大胆な財政支出、金融緩和、構造改革)からなる一連の改革を指します。ビデオでは、アベノミクスが日本経済の停滞を打破し、持続可能な成長への道を開くことを目指していると説明しています。

💡高齢化社会

高齢化社会とは、65歳以上の高齢者が人口の大部分を占める社会構造を指します。ビデオでは、日本の高齢化が経済成長に影響を与え、労働力の減少と社会保障の負担の増加という課題をもたらしていると述べています。

💡潜在成長率

潜在成長率は、経済の最大成長能力を示す指標で、労働力、資本投資、生産性などの要因に基づいています。ビデオでは、日本の潜在成長率が高かったが、労働力や資本投資の不足で成長が妨げられていると触れています。

💡少子化

少子化は、出生率の低下を指し、長期的には労働力不足や経済成長の緩和につながる可能性があります。ビデオでは、日本の少子化が出生率の低下と高齢化の加速をもたらし、経済に影響を与えると説明しています。

💡インフレーション

インフレーションは、物価が一般に上昇することを指し、経済成長の1つの指標と見なされます。ビデオでは、日本のインフレーションが1980年代以来の最高レベルに達し、経済への自信を回復させていると述べています。

💡外資流入

外資流入とは、外国からの投資が国内経済に流入することを指します。ビデオでは、過去15年間で日本の外資流入が増加し、経済への自信を高める要因となっていると触れています。

💡株式市場

株式市場は、企業の株式を売買する市場を指し、経済成長の晴雨計とも言われます。ビデオでは、東京株式市場指数が過去最高値を更新し、日本経済の成長を示唆していると述べています。

💡技術革新

技術革新とは、新しい技術や製品の開発・導入を指し、経済成長を促進する要因の1つです。ビデオでは、日本の技術革新が過去には経済成長に寄与し、今後も生産方法の改善に役立つと述べています。

💡持続可能な成長

持続可能な成長とは、環境や社会の健康を損なわずに経済を成長させることを指します。ビデオでは、日本が技術や新しいビジネスモデルを利用して、人口減少に直面しながらも持続可能な成長を目指していると触れています。

Highlights

日本是世界上负债最重的国家,但似乎在经历了30年停滞后终于再次增长。

1980年代的日本经济繁荣,索尼、东芝、松下等日本公司在国际市场占据主导地位,房地产达到历史最高点。

东京皇居占地3.4平方公里,其价值超过整个加利福尼亚州的房地产总值。

1990年代日本经济泡沫破裂,导致30年经济停滞。

2023年9月,东京股票价格指数达到历史最高水平,打破了34年前的记录。

过去15年,日本从资金持续流出转变为2022年有670亿美元进入经济。

日本受益于劳动力短缺和通货膨胀,这些因素对欧洲经济造成打击,但对日本却是积极的。

日本工资水平即使在考虑通货膨胀后,也几乎与1990年持平。

日本经历了长期的通货紧缩,当前的通货膨胀水平是自1980年代以来未见的。

日本在没有大量自然资源的情况下,通过贸易和技术引进实现了经济增长。

二战后,日本从废墟中重建,成为经济强国。

日本在战后接受了约20亿美元的美国援助,促进了制造业的发展。

日本在1980年代成为全球最大的经济体之一,出口占全球的10%。

日本经济在1990年达到顶峰,GDP约为4万亿美元,与今天相近。

日本经历了债务、通货紧缩和人口老龄化等三大经济问题。

日本央行在1990年代末实施了一系列货币政策调整,但未能有效遏制通货紧缩。

日本政府债务从1997年的GDP的113%上升到现在的263%。

安倍经济学的三支箭旨在通过积极的政府支出、负利率和量化宽松来振兴日本经济。

日本的人口自2012年以来一直在下降,这对经济增长构成挑战。

日本通过技术创新和机器人技术应对劳动力老龄化和人口减少的挑战。

日本重视生活质量和文化传统,而不仅仅是经济增长。

日本是第一个面临人口减少的主要经济体,正在探索新的经济适应方式。

日本转向重视生活质量而非无休止的经济增长,这可能成为未来先进经济体的发展方向。

Transcripts

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Japan is the most heavily indebted

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country in the world but it looks like

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it may be finally growing again after 30

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years in the 1980s Japan was booming

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Japanese companies like Sony tashiba and

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Panasonic dominated the international

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markets real estate was also at an

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all-time high and the 3.4 Square km

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occupied by Tokyo's Imperial Palace was

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worth more than the entire real estate

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value of California

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it was expected to be only a matter of

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time before it became the biggest

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economy in the world and eclipsed the

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United States but in the 1990s Japan's

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economic Bubble Burst causing 30 years

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of economic stagnation as other

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countries have continued to grow Japan

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has remained still but in September 2023

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something strange

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happened the Tokyo stock price index an

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indirect measure of Japanese business

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growth reached His Highest level ever

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crushing the previous record set 34

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years ago in 1990 a time when the

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internet had only just been created this

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matches another Trend in the Japanese

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economy Rising levels of foreign

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investment in the last 15 years Japan

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has gone from having money consistently

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flowing out of the country to seeing $67

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billion enter the economy in 2022 a

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rising stock market and more investment

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has made people confident about Japan

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for the first time in many years all

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because of something a little unusual

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you see Japan is actually benefiting

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from the same things which have been

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crippling European economies labor

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shortages and inflation while these may

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sound like bad things they're actually

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really good for Japan job shortages mean

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that businesses are growing and they

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also mean that workers will be paid more

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something which is desperately needed as

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even after accounting for inflation

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Japanese wages are barely more than they

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were in

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1990 more confidence and higher wages

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means inflation is levels not seen since

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the 1980s this is welcome news for an

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economy which has had Decades of

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deflationary spirals these are changes

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which have been long overdue whilst life

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in Japan is still of a higher quality

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than most nations in the world its

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future outlook is perhaps the best it's

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been in the last 30 years so let's find

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out if Japan can really capitalize on

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this trend whether it will just stay the

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[Music]

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same what's interesting about Japan is

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that its sudden rise to a leading global

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economy and then subsequent decline was

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all done without a vast wealth of

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Natural Resources whilst many of the

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current largest economies have their

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beginnings and current day positions

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rooted in Commodities like oil Japan

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grew in another way largely independent

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of other countries and

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resources after years of relative

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isolation in the mid 1800s Japan started

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to trade with the United States and

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European countries rapidly adopting

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Western Technologies institutions and

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modes of

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industrialization Japan continued to

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modernize quickly and by the early 20th

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century it was a formidable Force

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engaging in Regional conflicts and

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expanding its Empire this period of

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aggressive expansion and militarization

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culminated in World War II Japan's role

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in the war and its aftermath would

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forever change its place in the world

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the war set the stage for Japan's

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post-war recovery and eventually led to

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it becoming the economic Powerhouse that

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is today having been devastated by two

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atomic bombs the country was essentially

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starting back from square one again

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Japan had lost 93% of its steel 80% of

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its ships and over a quarter of its

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buildings The Economist Milton Friedman

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once said that the best way to grow

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rapidly is to have the country bombarded

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though it's hard to imagine a country

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prospering after losing everything the

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Japanese post-war economy did just that

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with similar motives to the Marshall

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Plan in Europe the American Truman

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Administration decided that a stronger

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Freer and more liberal Japan would help

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starve off communist advances in Asia

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and the Pacific wanting to establish a

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strong middle class and free market

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thinking they gave Japan around $2

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billion in Aid to redevelop a sum which

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is roughly equal to $20 billion in

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today's

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terms this Aid coincided with a

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procurement broom from the Korean War

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which started to sew the seeds of

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Japanese manufacturing as they supplied

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American troops with weapons and other

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forms of machinery and over the next 20

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years Japanese companies continue to

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import Technologies from abroad and make

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improvements on them this formed the

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basis of the economic Miracle period of

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export-led growth which along with some

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business-friendly policies like low

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interest rates and tax rates encourag

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businesses to thrive with better

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Technologies and access to large amounts

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of money Japan was closing in on other

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Western economies and Japanese

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businesses started putting out some of

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the most Innovative products the world

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had ever seen things like the wman the

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CD player and even the bullet train by

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the 1980s Japan accounted for around 10%

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of exports globally these advancements

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also extended into their manufacturing

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process which gave Japan a Competitive

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Edge meaning their products were both

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affordable and usually better quality

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than ones from other countries

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productivity was booming and Japan

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quickly became one of the largest

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economies in the world so giddy was the

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hype around the Asian economy that many

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economists predicted that it would only

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be a matter of time before it became the

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leading global economic

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superpower this of course didn't happen

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but by the 1980s Japan was skyrocketing

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Tokyo was emerging as a new Global

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Financial Hub being a brief world leader

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in terms of market cap in 1990 however

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Japan was unknowingly at its peak its

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GDP was around $4 trillion a figure

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which is roughly the same as what it is

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today so why am I telling you all this

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because it shows the Heights from which

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the Japanese economy has fallen from

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having the world's largest companies in

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1990 now the top three largest American

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companies have a market cap larger than

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the entire Japanese stock index from

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being moments away from the world's

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biggest economy Japan fell into a period

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of decline meaning economically it's in

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roughly the same position it was 30

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years ago Japanese interest rate Rises

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at the end of the 1980s finally popped

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the bubble bringing the demise of the

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housing market Financial market and

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economy in general over the next three

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decades Japan suffered from three large

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economic problems debt deflation and an

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aging

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population firstly deflation picture you

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were a Japanese citizen at the beginning

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of the 1990s the Japanese housing bubble

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has just popped and you are now left

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with a massive mortgage for a house

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which has been massively devalued the

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house could no longer be sold to repay

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the mortgage and to make the payments

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you would have to cut down on lots of

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expenses to scrape by this situation was

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multiplied millions of times across the

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economy causing a complete loss of

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confidence in the country demand for

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goods and services rapidly declined but

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the amount of things being produced the

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supply in the economy stayed the same

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after all factories were still producing

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the same amount and there were still

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people looking for jobs and when the

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supply of something is greater than the

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demand the price will inevitably drop to

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reflect this this is a textbook cause of

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deflation and it's exactly what happened

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in Japan with some pretty bad

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consequences this is where the role of

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debt really starts to make matters worse

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in its bubble period not just

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individuals but the whole nation in

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general had become heavily indebted and

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the price of the debt that they now

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needed to repay remained the same

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inflated figure from before but prices

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which also determined wages were falling

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making it harder and harder to pay off

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the debt this created a spiral as

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borrowers spent even less and prices

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continued to drop even more making the

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situation worse the Japanese Central

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Bank seeing this did cut interest rates

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to help ease the measure but not by

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enough in hindsight they did not realize

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how big the bubble had really been so

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smaller Cuts didn't really do much to

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dampen the deflationary spiral over the

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course of the next decade monetary

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policy adjustments were cautiously

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implemented predominantly through minor

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reductions in the interest rates in an

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effort to stimulate economic activity

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but despite this deflation was

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persistent and the effects of this were

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dire consumers anticipating lower prices

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delayed purchases which in turn dampened

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economic activity because of this Banks

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wary of the unstable Market reduced

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lending to businesses also bringing down

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investment and Innovation this economic

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stagnation culminated in the 1998

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financial crash forcing the Japanese

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Central Bank to undertake a massive mive

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bailout of its banking sector to prevent

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a complete Financial collapse and

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stabilize the economy despite the

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bailout deflationary Cycles continued

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well into the 2000s and the debt which

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was present from it was still there it

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had just been transferred from the

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private sector to the government this

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Japanese government debt continued to

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rise from 113% in 1997 to around

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263 of GDP today which has consistently

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been the highest figure in the world for

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many years Japan has been largely able

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to get away with it as much of its debt

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is owned by Japan's own Central Bank and

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own population compared to other nations

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this unique position of internal debt

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ownership gave it room to experiment in

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particular under the leadership of

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Shinzo Abbe from

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2012 his tenure was marked by the

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introduction of abenomics a series of

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reforms designed to revitalize Japan's

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stagnant economy at the heart of abon

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noic with three arrows aggressive

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government spending to stimulate demand

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negative interest rates to encourage

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borrowing and quantitive easing

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essentially increasing the money supply

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on an unprecedented scale to inject

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liquidity into the economy these

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measures radical in nature were based on

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a theory that a substantial government

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intervention could jolt the economy out

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of deflation and on a path to sustained

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growth and all of these reforms mean

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that Japan's economy should in theory be

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doing quite well but all the progress

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made to break out the cycle of deflation

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has been offset by perhaps the biggest

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factor in Japan's demand eyes their

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rapidly aging population it was around

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this time in 2012 when aonics kicked in

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that Japan reached its peak population a

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figure which has been falling ever since

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in this period Japanese productivity the

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key source of economic growth had been

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keeping in line with other nations this

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was all being outstripped by its rapidly

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shrinking population after all a smaller

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Workforce means smaller wage income and

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less money being spent in the economy

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which is no wonder why deflation has

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been so difficult to get rid of in fact

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when we control for a factor like aging

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population Japan's GDP per capita of

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working age people has been growing

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roughly at the same rate as other

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developing nations but Japan's rapid

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urbanization since the 20th century

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characterized by increase apartment

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living and a work Centric lifestyle has

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contributed to declining birth ratees

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since the 1990s this demographic shift

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presents a significant challenge a

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dwindling Workforce is tasked with

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supporting a growing elderly population

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what makes this worse is that Japan

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faces unique hurdles in addressing its

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demographic decline the country's

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language barrier stringent work culture

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and cautious stance on immigration limit

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its ability to attract and integrate

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foreign Talent consequently Japan

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reports lower participation rates

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amongst women and migrants compared to

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other developed Nations and despite some

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recent labor reforms significant changes

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in the workforce participation and

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demographic Trends are inherently slow

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all of this suggests that Japan May

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grapple with labor shortages for many

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years to come so given a generally poor

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State of Affairs over the last three

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decades why are people suddenly

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optimistic about Japan

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again Japan's demographic challenges

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often dominate discussions about its

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future but it does have reason to be

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optimistic about another part of its

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economy that has been consistently

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performing by looking at this graph

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showing Japan's potential growth in the

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last 30 years we can see that

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productivity has always been a major

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factor driving the nation even when more

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recent years labor and capital

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underinvestment have started to detract

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from growth productivity as we've

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mentioned before is essentially the

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efficiency with which goods and services

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can be produced and the Japanese work

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culture while frequently criticized for

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its intensity has historically been a

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Bedrock of productivity this combined

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with significant technological

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advancements were the direct causes of

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Japan's economic growth in the postwar

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period despite a deceleration in

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Innovation and technological change

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productivity has more or less stayed the

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same underpinned by a strong work ethic

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and a highly educated Workforce

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essentially what all of this suggests is

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that if Japan can further increase its

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investment and leverage technology in

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its production methods then combined

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with its solid productivity it has the

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potential to experience some real levels

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of growth people are also optimistic

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given Japan's role and proximity to Asia

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as the Asian subcontinent emerges as the

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fastest growing economic region globally

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Japan's strategic position within Asia

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and its long-standing connections across

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Ross the continent are set to yield

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significant benefits about 50% of

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Japan's exports go to Asia and

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businesses are well placed to meet the

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needs of a growing middle class in the

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region for the future the surrounding

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optimism about Japan's potential for

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future growth is of course causing some

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growing concerns and general speculation

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about how Japan is going to deal with

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its declining population this is mainly

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because Japan is the first major economy

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to see population decline of this scale

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and so the effects of it are relatively

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unprecedented

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economists and scientists trying to

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model and predict the outcome of Japan's

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decline will have a new mathematical and

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scientific Challenge on their hands

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again the country experienced a

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relatively brief post-war baby boom and

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combined with the world's highest life

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expectancy at 83 years Japan presents a

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unique demographic landscape this has

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given rise to the concept of shrink

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onomics a term that encapsulates Japan's

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Innovative economic adaptions to a

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shrinking population the crossover of

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the Dem demographic demise and the rise

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of Technology also gives potential to

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new innovative solutions to maintain

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growth which could be adopted Across the

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Western World in the next few

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decades as Japan navigates its

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demographic challenges it's turning to

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Robotics and AI to bolster its aging

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Workforce the evolution of Technology

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while often feared for its potential to

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displace jobs has historically led to

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the creation of new employment

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opportunities by reallocating human

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resources to areas where they are most

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needed for example the introduction of

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ATMs transformed the banking sector not

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by eliminating jobs but by Shifting the

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focus to loan operations and personal

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computer services areas where human

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skills are irreplaceable this highlights

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an important economic idea creating

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value isn't just about machines it's

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really about how people can adapt and

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innovate as Japan brings in new

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technologies it's preparing itself to

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smartly handle the issues to come with

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having fewer births and more elderly

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people the challenges of a decline in

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birth rate aging population and

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depopulation are significant but they

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are not insurmountable by embracing and

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integrating new technologies Japan can

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mitigate the impacts of its demographic

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[Music]

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Trends while Japan may still continue

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experiencing economic growth the real

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question is how much this matters to its

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citizens especially when compared to

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their quality of life and cultural

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heritage in Japan while the economy may

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not grow as fast as before people deeply

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value their way of life community and

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traditions these elements bring

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happiness and fulfillment that can't be

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measured just in dollar and cents

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Japan's excellent Public Services

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Healthcare and education ensure a high

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standard of living softening any

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economic slowdown for instance Japan's

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initiatives in sustainable living and

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Environmental Conservation are not just

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about being eco-friendly they're about

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creating a society that's resilient and

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Forward Thinking by focusing on

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innovation in these areas Japan is

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redefining what success looks like

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showing that a rich cultural life and

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societal well-being are as important as

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economic

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indicators as the first major economy to

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face such demographic shifts without

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relying solely on growth Japan is

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pioneering solutions that many other

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countries will need to consider this

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shift towards valuing quality of life

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over endless economic expansion offers a

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glimpse into a future while the world's

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advanced economies might Thrive by

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focusing on sustainability Innovation

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and they happiness of their citizens not

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just their economic output

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[Music]

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日本経済経済回復人口減少技術革新インフレ株価高騰外資流入賃上げデフレアベノミクス持続可能
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