Perspective : Changing Population Dynamics | 19 January, 2023

Summary

The video discusses global population dynamics, highlighting China's first recorded population decline and India's impending overtake as the most populous nation. Experts emphasize India's demographic dividend opportunity until 2055, stressing the need for investment in education, skills, and family planning. They also address challenges such as economic disparity, environmental degradation, and the importance of sustainable development, urging India to leverage its young population as a global resource while managing population growth and climate change responsibilities.

Takeaways

• 📉 China has experienced its first population decline in decades, with a decrease of approximately 850,000 people by the end of 2022.
• 🌍 The United Nations projects that the global population will continue to grow, reaching an estimated 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050, and 10.4 billion by 2100.
• 🇮🇳 India and China are the two most populous regions in Asia, each with over 1.4 billion people, and are key to understanding global population dynamics.
• 📈 India entered its demographic dividend opportunity window in 2005-2006, which is expected to last until 2055-2056, indicating a potential economic advantage due to a young, working-age population.
• 🎯 The Indian government has successfully controlled population growth, and the total fertility rate (TFR) has fallen below the replacement level of two.
• 👥 India's large young population presents an opportunity for demographic dividend, emphasizing the need for investment in education, skills, and family planning.
• 🌐 The world may rely on India as a supplier of skilled professionals and labor, indicating a potential shift in global demographic and economic dynamics.
• 💼 Despite global economic challenges, India has performed well economically, but must address increasing disparities and unemployment to sustain growth.
• 🏥 Key challenges for India include managing an aging population, non-communicable diseases, and the need for innovative healthcare strategies, including public-private partnerships.
• 🌱 Environmental degradation and climate change are significant concerns, with India striving to balance population growth with sustainable development and low carbon emissions.
• 🌟 As India is set to become the most populous country, it faces global scrutiny and must assert its commitment to climate change mitigation, despite its lower per capita contribution compared to developed countries.

Q & A

What significant change has China's population experienced recently?

China has recorded its first population decline in several decades, with the population of mainland China at the end of 2022 being 1.411 billion people, which is a decrease of approximately 850,000 over the previous year.

What is the United Nations' projection for the global population growth by 2100?

The United Nations projection suggests that the global population could grow to around 8.5 billion in 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050, and 10.4 billion by 2100.

What is the demographic dividend opportunity window, and how does it relate to India?

The demographic dividend opportunity window refers to the period when a country has a large proportion of its population in the working age group, which can lead to economic growth. India entered this window in 2005-2006, and it is expected to remain open until 2055-2056.

What is the current status of India's population growth control efforts according to the central government?

The central government in India has stated that efforts have been successful in reigning in the growth of the population, indicating a decline in the population growth rate.

How does the stabilization of the global population impact India and the world?

The stabilization of the global population, including in India, indicates a shift in population dynamics that requires a focus on investing in young people, education, skills, and family planning, as well as recognizing the potential for India to become a supplier of skilled professionals and labor to the rest of the world.

What are the key challenges that India faces with its current population dynamics?

Key challenges include managing the demographic dividend, addressing increasing population aging and the burden of non-communicable diseases, ensuring universal healthcare coverage, reducing economic disparity, and dealing with unemployment and gender disparities in employment.

What is the role of education in India's population control measures?

Education plays a significant role in India's population control measures by raising awareness about family planning, improving women's empowerment, and contributing to lower fertility rates, especially in urban areas.

How does India's economic growth relate to its population size and distribution?

India's economic growth is affected by its population size and distribution. While the GDP is increasing, the growth does not necessarily reflect in overall development due to the continuous population growth. Additionally, income inequalities and disparities in wealth distribution pose challenges.

What are the environmental implications of India's population growth?

Environmental implications include unplanned urbanization, environmental degradation, and challenges related to climate change. There is a need to address these issues to ensure sustainable growth and to prevent overexploitation of resources.

How can India make the most of its demographic dividend while addressing the challenges?

India can make the most of its demographic dividend by investing in the education and skill development of its young population, promoting family planning, ensuring inclusive growth, and focusing on sustainable development practices.

What is the potential impact of China's recent population decline on global dynamics?

China's population decline could have significant global impacts, including potential shifts in economic power, labor markets, and global demographic trends. It may also influence other countries' policies on population control and economic planning.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 Global Population Dynamics and India's Demographic Dividend

The video script discusses the shifting global population dynamics, with a focus on China's first recorded population decline in decades and the implications for sustainable development. China's population was reported to be 1.411 billion at the end of 2022, marking a decrease from the previous year. The United Nations projects a continued global population growth, reaching 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050, and 10.4 billion by 2100. India and China, being the two most populous regions in Asia, are highlighted, with India entering a demographic dividend opportunity window that will last until 2055-2056. The Indian government's efforts in population control are acknowledged, and the discussion emphasizes the need to understand the changing population dynamics and their impact on India, China, and the world. The panel of experts includes the executive director of the Population Foundation of India, a professor from iips, and a professor from the Indian Institute of Finance, who provide insights into population growth rates, stabilization, and the opportunities presented by a young population.

05:02

📊 India's Economic Growth and Population Challenges

The script delves into India's economic performance amidst global economic challenges and the role of its population in this context. Despite the global economic downturn, India has shown robust economic growth. However, there are concerns about the sustainability of this growth due to increasing population size and the challenges it poses, such as demographic dividend opportunities and the aging population. The script points out the need for innovative strategies in healthcare services, public-private partnerships, and addressing the disparity in wealth distribution. It also touches on the environmental impact of population growth, including unplanned urbanization and environmental degradation, and the importance of India's stance on climate change in the face of global criticism.

10:03

🌱 Sustainable Development and Population Growth

This paragraph examines the relationship between population growth and sustainable development, focusing on the challenges India faces due to its large and growing population. The script discusses the impact of population size on economic growth, income distribution, and the environment. It highlights the need for inclusive development, addressing income inequality, and the importance of education and family planning in reducing fertility rates. The role of women's empowerment and the government's initiatives in controlling population growth are emphasized, along with the importance of sustainable resource management to prevent environmental degradation and ensure long-term economic prosperity.

15:06

📈 Investing in Youth and Family Planning for India's Future

The script underscores the importance of investing in India's young population for economic growth and the need for a stronger focus on family planning. It discusses the government's mission Paribar Vikas program targeting high fertility districts and the importance of scaling up and strengthening such initiatives. The panelists advocate for meeting the unmet need for family planning, empowering women, and providing education on contraceptives. They also stress the importance of India's role in climate change mitigation, renewable energy, and setting global standards for sustainable development.

20:06

🔍 China's Population Decline and Global Implications

The script addresses China's recent population decline and its potential global impact. It contrasts China's situation with India's ongoing population growth and the challenges both countries face due to their demographic trends. The discussion includes China's total fertility rate (TFR) drop and the potential temporary nature of this decline due to COVID-19 restrictions. The panelists also compare India's family planning policies with China's approach and the importance of education, women's empowerment, and labor force participation in managing population growth sustainably.

25:07

🌐 Conclusion on Global Population Dynamics and India's Path Forward

In conclusion, the script summarizes the key points discussed in the video, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of population dynamics and their impact on India and the world. It highlights the demographic dividend India will enjoy until 2055 and the need to address challenges through investments in health, education, and skill development. The script also calls for continued vigilance on population-related developments and a commitment to setting global standards for sustainable growth and development.

Keywords

💡Population Decline

Population decline refers to a situation where the number of people in a region or country decreases over a certain period. In the video, it is mentioned that China has recorded its first population decline in several decades, with the population of mainland China at the end of 2022 being 1.411 billion, a decrease of approximately 850,000 over the previous year. This decline is significant as it marks a shift from the long-standing trend of population growth.

💡Demographic Dividend

Demographic dividend is an economic concept that refers to the potential economic growth that can result from shifts in a population's age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population is larger than the non-working-age population. In the video, it is discussed that India entered the demographic dividend opportunity window in 2005-2006, which is expected to last until 2055-2056, indicating a period of potential economic growth due to a large, young, and productive workforce.

💡Population Dynamics

Population dynamics encompass the changes in the size and composition of a population over time due to births, deaths, and migration. The video discusses the changing population dynamics globally and in specific regions like Asia, where China and India, being the most populous, are experiencing different trends that impact global population figures and economic forecasts.

💡Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is a key concept that refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The video mentions that sustained high fertility and rapid population growth present challenges to achieving sustainable development, implying that managing population growth is crucial for long-term environmental and economic sustainability.

💡Population Stabilization

Population stabilization indicates a state where the population growth rate slows down and the population size remains relatively constant. The video suggests that the population is stabilizing across the world, not just in India, which is an important development as it can influence economic policies and resource allocation.

💡Population Momentum

Population momentum refers to the tendency for population growth to continue even after the fertility rate has declined, due to the age structure of the population. In the video, it is mentioned that India's population will increase for the next several years because of population momentum, as there is a large young population at reproductive age.

💡Family Planning

Family planning is the practice of deciding how many children to have and when to have them, often involving the use of contraceptives and other reproductive health services. The video discusses the importance of investing in family planning in India to meet the unmet need for contraception, particularly in high fertility districts, and to empower women to make informed decisions about their reproductive health.

💡Economic Growth

Economic growth is the increase in the production of goods and services of an economy over a period of time. The video highlights India's economic growth as a positive development, but also points out the challenges of increasing disparity and the need for inclusive growth to ensure that the benefits of economic growth are distributed equitably.

💡Inequality

Inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources, wealth, or opportunities among different groups in a society. The video points out the challenge of increasing inequality in India, where 52 percent of wealth is concentrated in the hands of less than 10 percent of the population, which can create social and economic tensions.

💡Climate Change

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, primarily as a result of human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The video discusses India's efforts to address climate change and the importance of not being unfairly blamed for global climate issues, given its relatively lower contribution to greenhouse gas emissions compared to developed countries.

💡Skilled Professionals

Skilled professionals are individuals who possess specialized knowledge and abilities in a particular field, often acquired through education and training. The video suggests that as the population stabilizes, countries like China may rely on India as a supplier of skilled professionals and labor, indicating the importance of investing in education and skill development to capitalize on the demographic dividend.

Highlights

China recorded its first population decline in decades, with a decrease of approximately 850,000 people by the end of 2022.

The United Nations projects the global population could reach 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050, and 10.4 billion by 2100.

India and China, with over 1.4 billion people each, are the world's two most populous regions.

India entered the demographic dividend opportunity window in 2005-2006, which is expected to last until 2055-2056.

The central government of India has successfully controlled population growth, according to a Lok Sabha reply.

Population stabilization is occurring worldwide, not just in India, indicating a global demographic shift.

India's large young population presents an opportunity for demographic dividend through investment in education and skills.

India is expected to become a supplier of skilled professionals and labor to the rest of the world.

India has performed well economically despite global challenges, emphasizing the importance of investing in human resources.

As India becomes the most populous country, it faces criticism and potential pressure regarding climate change and population size.

India's population growth is expected to stabilize between 2055 and 2060 due to the current demographic trends.

India's economic growth and large population present challenges such as increasing disparity and unemployment.

Unplanned urbanization and environmental degradation are significant challenges that India must address for sustainable development.

India's population control programs have been effective, with the total fertility rate (TFR) falling below the replacement level.

India needs innovative strategies for healthcare, including public-private partnerships, to address the challenges of an aging population.

Investment in young people, education, and family planning is crucial for India to harness the demographic dividend effectively.

India must continue to perform well on climate change indices and invest in renewable energy to meet emission targets.

China's recent population decline may be a temporary phenomenon due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

India's approach to family planning and women's empowerment has been more effective than China's, leading to better demographic outcomes.

Transcripts

foreign

[Music]

National and international issues today

we're going to talk about the issue of

population and changing population

Dynamics across the globe China has

recorded its first population decline in

several decades according to the data

published by the National Bureau of

Statistics of China the population of

mainland China was 1.411 billion people

at the end of 2022 which is a decrease

of approximately eight lakh 50 000 over

the previous year last year in November

when the world's population reached 8

billion the United Nations projection

suggested that the global population

could grow to around 8.5 billion in 2030

9.7 Million by 2050 and 10.4 billion by

2100 according to human reporter

sustained high fertility and Rapid

population growth a present challenges

to the achievement of sustainable

development in 2022 a World's two most

populous regions were in Asia and with

more than 1.4 billion each China and

India accounted for most of the

population in these two regions regions

India entered the demographic dividend

opportunity window in 2005-2006 and this

window will remain till

2055 and 2056. in December last year

government the central government in a

reply uh to a question in Lok Sabha had

said that efforts have been successful

in reigning in the growth of population

in the country so today we'll try and

understand various dynamics of you know

the population growth and then these

changing Dynamics what kind of impact do

they have on not only India our neighbor

China but globally as well and for more

on this we joined by a distinguished

panel of experts let me first introduce

them to you beginning with

joining us she is executive director of

population Foundation of India we also

have with us Dr SK Singh professor and

head of the Department of research and

data analytics at iips and Dr yamini

Agarwal a professor at the Indian

Institute of Finance is also with us

welcome all of you to Sunset television

I will begin with you much and let's

first start by understanding what is

changing actually when we are talking

about you know population figures and

these changing dynamics of course you

know the growth rate of population will

change in any particular period of time

in in a given space but these kind of

numbers figures which we are now trying

to understand how big is the change and

how significant is this change

so we knew for the last several

years that India is ultimately going to

overtake the population of China

second we also knew that India's

population will grow up to

1948 where our population stabilization

will happen but we have started the

process of stabilization so one I'd like

to say the dynamic is that population is

stabilizing across the world not just in

India and we don't have to panic and

have conversations and distract our

attention about the two child normally

we also know that India has a large

young population which is at a

reproductive age so India's population

will increase for the next several years

because of the population momentum young

people even if they have one child it'll

increase the population and so we have

to recognize that one third of India's

population is Young so India has as you

said this enormous opportunity where the

window know of getting for us to benefit

from a population uh young population is

there where demographic dividend can be

realized so it's time for us to think

about investing in young people

education skills access to family

planning and we also have to recognize

that India is going through a curve

which the world has gone through where

populations increase and then come down

and then reach minus growth rates in

many countries like China which is

worried and is giving incentives to its

people to increase the population eat

the rest of the world is probably going

to rely and maybe even China One Day

from India a young skilled or even older

skilled people we are going to be

suppliers of skilled

professionals and labor to the rest of

the world and so there will be a

balanced imbalance that will be balanced

okay finally India has done very well

economically in the in spite of rest of

the world

um

continuing to have especially cold post

covered a decline in the economic growth

and India's tip to really do well but

provided we invest in our people human

beings should be seen as a resource and

the world has to stop panicking finally

uh last point that I want to make is the

as India becomes the most populous

country there will be criticism they

will be pitting climate change against

um the large population and I think it's

very important for the world and us to

understand that India is doing well on

the climate change and footprint we are

not contributing the way a lot of

developed countries have contributed and

are going to continue to contribute to

climate change India has to be prepared

in understanding and saying and not be

brow beaten by the rest of the world

okay okay enough you've summarized a

measure of major issues involved out

there let me bring in Professor SK Singh

here as well Professor Singh you know in

terms of analyzing these these growth

patterns and trying to understand as to

what is changing not only from an Indian

perspective but from a Global

Perspective how would you look at the

changes which are happening uh you know

in in various parts of the globe but

when we talk about Asia there are two

most populous countries that is China

and India uh you know uh one trying one

taking uh over the other when we're

looking at the population figures but

it's stabilizing at uh as uh Ms mutraja

pointed out whereas in in other parts of

the globe also there are countries which

are struggling to you know maintain that

population growth and then there are

other ah smaller countries where perhaps

the population explosion is a cause of

concern for them

in population Dynamics some of the

European countries American countries

even Australia New Zealand are facing

different kind of challenges and we

Asian two LCN James India and China are

facing different kind of huge population

that is why whatever other recent

changes in India and China that is going

to affect the globe of course slight

dynamics of African countries will be

different that is why if you talk about

the situation in India as

Poonam ji has already mentioned that

India is a quite comfortable situation

during last one decayed not only

population control program but various

flexi programs has made Paradigm change

in quality of life of the people

population control program has been

quite effective our TFR has gone below

two other reason why only because of

population momentum because of young

population we will be continuing to grow

around

20 40 years or 2049 but subsequently we

will decline uh she has already

mentioned about the king features of our

population Dynamics I would like to BC

concentrate on the key challenges okay

with the current situation in one hand

we are having demographic dividend on

the other hand we are also growing fast

our older population with increasing

population aging infusion burden of

non-complicable disease in our country

the universal coverage is going to be a

remote challenge for our country okay

that is why we will have some Innovative

strategies by classifying secondary a

Healthcare Services sponsored by

government but entire vast network of

primary health care which is serving for

Rural people public private partnership

is becoming most essential element along

with prime minister

otherwise this is this challenge will be

very difficult she had also mentioned

that India economic growth is quite

satisfactory entire world is looking

towards India how India GDP is

increasing it's a fact that in one hand

we are reaching towards 5 trillion

economy but there is another challenge

here increasing disparity okay all

inequality

some of the media houses has highlighted

and that's a fact also

that 52 percent of wealth is lying in

only few less than 10 percent of only

billion hours in our country and that's

economic disparity is going to create a

huge challenge especially when there is

increasing unemployment

Liverpool

participation is declining gender

differences in employment lowering

declining on increasing unemployment

rate are the real challenge okay not

important problem which I am

disappearing with this population is

unplanned organization and environmental

degradation we are talking about climate

change in broader aspects but if you

look at the root cause of that unplanned

organization and environmental

degradation is going to be another key

challenge before the country which we

will have to address in near future

otherwise population Dynamics population

growth that is not going to be we all

are aware that we are going to stabilize

somewhere between

2055 to 2016. okay anytime during that

period because projections are

projection look at China

we'll come to that but since you

mentioned you know a lot of challenges

when we're talking about India let me

also bring in Dr yamini Agarwal you know

she's been patiently uh uh listening to

the Views uh both of you had and and uh

since you spoke about few parts of that

uh uh Dr Agarwal you know United Nations

also in its report says that uh the

rapid growth of population also uh leads

to the challenges of of sustainable

development now when we come back to

Indian story you know India has has

strong economic fundamentals it is a you

know uh vibrant growing economy and then

on top of that we have this demographic

dividend as well which will add further

impetus and further value also but given

the fact that there are various

challenges which Dr Singh also pointed

out how do you analyze you know this

this combination which will have to be

balanced properly

well you've placed a very important

point because what happens is whatever

the amount of growth that you do does

get affected by the population size that

you have and if the population size

continues to grow the growth does not

reflect in the overall development of

the economy let's say for example when

we talk about per capita income we

should grow and the rate at which the

GDP is growing but it doesn't reflect

because the population size is

continuously growing uh again another

important aspect is because the economy

is growing fast it should also result in

uh you know a good distribution of

incomes among people but because a

certain set of people uh we observe that

they get into the vicious circle of

poverty because they raise too many kids

at the same time they are unable to

provide them with the right kind of

education right kind of health services

or the right kind of support for them to

actually rise in the ladder of economic

uh growth or Economic Development

another important aspect is what is

observed is that over the years with the

help of Education with the help of uh

you know population control measures

with the two child policy or with other

things even the participation of women

increasing in terms of uh the overall uh

labor force there has been a change in

the attitudes of people which is

reflected in the low fertility rates or

in the uh lower number of children that

people are having especially in the

urban area where the two to have one

child which of his two children also but

what has happened is the people who are

not within this fear of economic

Prosperity do not receive uh you know

the educational benefits do not receive

other benefits they continue to have

more and more children which put more

pressure on their resources as well as

on the resources of the country

for a sustainable growth it is necessary

that everybody's development is there

and it is inclusive in nature despite

providing all welfare schemes whether it

is in terms of food it whether it is in

terms of other things these particular

welfare schemes you know somehow still

are not able to achieve their objective

because of the large base of population

at that point of time another important

aspect for sustainability is that you

know when uh provisioning is made of a

certain amount of services whether it's

education it is health care or it's any

other resource that is there in the

market that particular resource crunch

is felt because of the continuous

growing population okay and that crunch

causes more and more problems

specifically because uh there is more

income inequalities which makes

resources more scarce for the poorer

population

literature population okay exploit

exploit of environmental resources or

other resources which are maybe not

health-wise better or may not be or are

of a substandard technology are used by

people which make it more unsustainable

okay for example when we talk about the

air pollution level uh when Winters are

there people are not able to find venues

to you know get themselves some heat so

they burn wood so that causes more air

pollution

similarly there are many other issues

that arise like uh you know uh getting

into a non-environment friendly

activities the similar set because they

feel that that is less expensive so

unsustainable so so these are smaller

issues they might they might look

smaller at a particular level but then

they do gradually you know uh add on to

become bigger larger challenges is what

uh Dr Agarwal is pointing out uh I'd

like to bring you in here you know the

challenges part which uh you also

earlier referred to that yes there are

and uh you we are on the path to tackle

those challenges but when we are talking

about Focus areas as Dr Singh said you

know health education Dr Agarwal is also

pointing out perhaps you know looking at

uh uh you know the quality of life as

well increasing the quality of life

which areas you believe in the years to

come we should focus on so that we can

make good use of the demographic

dividend which we have and Tech tackle

the challenges or the negative aspects

of these changing you know population

Dynamics in a better way

so the first I'd like to say that we

must invest in killing our young people

for their economic growth and our the

country's economic growth second I'd

like to say that India has to invest

more in Family Planning we have made

some progress a fair amount of progress

especially reaching out to the last mile

we have invested a very good program

that the government of India came out

with six years ago called the mission

paribar vikas where they're targeting

the high fertility districts and that

has brought some good results that needs

to be scaled up it needs to be

strengthened second we need you know Dr

Mukherjee has said that the Agarwal had

said that there are

Indian poor families end up having more

children it's very true the more more

educated you are the fewer children

you'll have the more income you have the

fewer children you will have and it is

the unmet need we must understand for

family planning in India which is in

government data it is today 10 but in

States like up it's still 13 so we need

to invest in meeting the unmet need we

need to invest in women's empowerment

whereby women have the decision-making

ability capability freedom to make uh to

to use contraceptives and we need for a

young population India needs to invest

not just money but it needs to bring in

more methods okay for Family Planning

which are temporary which are long

lasting temporary but not the young

people are not going to get sterilized

we must also recognize that young people

do have needs for contraception and they

also need sex education but final one I

would say India must continue to be on

the path of Performing well on the

climate may change index which we are

doing well on an international climate

politics

India earns a high actually rating in

the gag emissions also and energy

renewable uh energy the countries on

track to meet the 2030

emission targets and I think if India

could be a great example for the rest of

the world to invest more in compatible

and a well below

um you know the rest of the world uh

emission

pattern and it is believed that a large

growing population might be a child is a

challenge to the environment but the

over exploitation of resources what we

saw in uttar Khan for instance recently

India must come down very heavily on

um preventing climate disasters because

it impacts the poor for the middle class

the lower middle class okay the most

okay definitely I'd like yes please

I finally would like to say that we must

recognize that we have a young

population which we have to not only

invest in their Skilling mental

well-being education everything we we

have to have a plan for our young people

and indeed we have to have a plan and

India being the largest democracy and

soon you know uh the most uh populist

country as well will have to set

standards Global standards to be met by

others now uh this was all about India

but let's quickly you know uh one is one

question each from Professor Singh and

Dr Agarwal as well on the global aspect

professing when I interrupted you

earlier you know you were about to give

us a view on China which has been so far

the most populous country they're now

seeing a downtrend as well similarly you

know the changing Trends the changing

Dynamics are world over in in population

standards in population metrics how do

you see that changes things glow

changing things globally for other

countries other economies as well

the if you look at the last year 2020

estimates of United Nations China India

will cross China somewhere 2829 but last

year in their last year estimates United

Nations has revised it and now only

estimates that they should cross us uh

India should cross China and India will

become number one sometimes in July okay

in the last few weeks last few weeks

many media process I am not say about

their sources of information are

claiming that India has crossed China

what had happened in China India is

progressing is steadily as Dr

poonamuthraja has already

pointed out about success of Indian

Family Planning program I have already

mentioned you our TFR has gone below

replacement level and it's a question of

only population momentum after that we

will hold down and then I move towards

challenges okay China what has happened

if China has drastically reduced during

last two to three years if you look at

their TFR till late it is their TFR was

2.6 or 2.7 in late 90s their ta bar was

1.61.7 and that continuing it went up to

first decade of the currency okay

suddenly in 2022 it came down to 1.3 TFR

in 2022 2021 it came down to 1.15 we

suspect that that is primarily because

of codeine related restrictions okay

Birth has put so down you know the

screen was so also showing some Aflac 50

000 figures

fortunately has not passed through that

and that is why whatever has happened in

China that can be treated as a temporary

phenomena okay okay that's that's that's

that's that's that's that's fairly

fairly point taken toxic think we're

running very short of time so I'll you

know I'll interrupt you there and I'll

quickly take one final response from Dr

Agarwal there also on the global aspect

and then Chinese angle also as Professor

Singh is pointing out of course we can't

Overlook that China is our immediate

neighbor and uh you know in terms of

population in terms of economic growth

in terms of demographic dividend China

was a few years ago where we we would be

in in next few years

well I think the Chinese with their

policy are actually facing a reverse

pyramid where you have they have the

older population which is bigger and the

younger population which is smaller

which is making it a difficult

sustainability issue but what India

adopted as a policy of true child one

family and a family planning was a much

better approach also what the India has

been doing is it has been trying to

provide uh for a certain set of

education and empowerment to women by

bringing their labor force participation

at a higher rate one important aspect is

the marriage build which the government

is planning to break about where the age

of the girl for the marriage is being

raised for 21 which automatically brings

a higher uh you know a higher level of

understanding for a girl before she is

into a matrimonial Alliance and Begins

the cycle of a reproduction okay another

important aspect is that there has been

a continuous education among the youth

and among the people with respect to

contraceptives and other aspects which

have definitely benefited people okay

education policy also has been strong

and stringent enough to bring about the

necessary awareness in this regard okay

I believe the direct difference

directive role which the government has

been playing is very essential in terms

of taking control of the population

get a venue for uh productive resources

like skill development or jobs or other

things okay there it is thank you so

much uh Dr yamini Agarwal Miss mutraja

and Dr Singh as well for sharing your

valuable time and inputs with us and our

viewers as well as our experts were

pointing out very clearly there are

various aspects to uh this changing

population Dynamics not only a wizard

with India but globally as well but when

we ah come down to Indian Dynamics then

there are various aspects which will

have to be looked into it does pose a

lot of challenges it do have uh you know

its benefits in terms of demographic

dividend which will continue to be with

us till 2055 but then those challenges

also will have to be tackled on the way

by focusing more on health education

Skilling our population and looking at

various other aspects also we'll keep a

close watch on all the developments here

and come back again with a different

topic till then keep watching Sunset

television thank you

foreign

[Music]