Lecture 8 Speech Making Types

Summary

In this lecture, the focus is on four speech-making styles: memorization, impromptu, manuscript, and extemporaneous. The instructor emphasizes the drawbacks of memorization and manuscript speaking, such as the risk of forgetting and lack of audience engagement. Instead, the class will concentrate on extemporaneous speaking, which involves note cards and practice to ensure a natural delivery and audience connection. The lecture also touches on common fears of public speaking and promises to address nervousness in the next session.

Takeaways

• 📝 The lecture discusses four speech making styles: memorization, impromptu, manuscript, and extemporaneous.
• 🧠 Memorization can be risky as forgetting a single word or phrase can derail the entire speech.
• 🎤 Impromptu speaking occurs with little to no preparation and is common in scenarios like job interviews.
• 🚫 The lecturer emphasizes that memorization and manuscript speaking are not advised in the given course.
• 📑 Manuscript speaking involves reading from a prepared speech, which can come off as robotic and hinder audience engagement.
• 👀 Extemporaneous speaking is preferred in the course, as it involves using note cards to guide the speech while maintaining eye contact and engagement with the audience.
• 🔑 Note cards are essential for extemporaneous speaking, replacing the manuscript and allowing for a more natural delivery.
• 📝 Practice is crucial for effective extemporaneous speaking, with a recommendation of at least five to six practice runs for speeches under 15 minutes.
• 👋 During practice, incorporating directives on note cards like 'smile', 'look up', 'pause' can help maintain audience engagement and a dynamic delivery.
• 📚 The lecture highlights common fears associated with public speaking and reassures students that these concerns will be addressed in a future lecture.
• 🔍 The importance of 'reading the room' as a speaker is emphasized, which is difficult to do when relying solely on a manuscript.

Q & A

What are the four basic types of speech making styles discussed in the lecture?

The four basic types of speech making styles discussed are memorization, impromptu, manuscript, and extemporaneous.

Why is memorization not advised for speech making according to the lecture?

Memorization is not advised because if a speaker forgets a single word or thought, it could ruin the entire speech and detract from the speaker's delivery.

What is the common fear among students regarding public speaking?

The common fears among students regarding public speaking include fear of forgetting what to say, fear of messing up, and fear of being put on the spot.

Why is impromptu speaking not suitable for the class as mentioned in the lecture?

Impromptu speaking is not suitable for the class due to its online format and the lack of face-to-face interaction which is necessary for impromptu speaking opportunities.

What is the main drawback of manuscript speaking as per the lecture?

The main drawback of manuscript speaking is that it can come across as robotic and stiff, and it often hinders good eye contact and the ability to read the room effectively.

What is the penalty for manuscript speaking in the class as per the lecture?

The penalty for manuscript speaking in the class is a deduction of 10 to 15 points from the assignment grade.

What are some tips for effective manuscript speaking as discussed in the lecture?

Tips for effective manuscript speaking include enlarging the font size for better visibility, leaving white space between lines, and including directives on the manuscript to remind the speaker to smile, look up, and engage with the audience.

What is the preferred type of speech making in the class according to the lecture?

The preferred type of speech making in the class is extemporaneous speaking, which involves using note cards with key points during the delivery.

How many times should a small speech less than 15 minutes be practiced according to the lecture?

A small speech less than 15 minutes should be practiced at least three times, with five to six times being ideal.

What should a speaker do during practice to develop muscle memory for an extemporaneous speech?

During practice, a speaker should go through the speech multiple times with their note cards and any accompanying materials like PowerPoint, to develop muscle memory and a natural recollection of the content.

Why are note cards used in extemporaneous speaking instead of a full manuscript?

Note cards are used in extemporaneous speaking to replace the full manuscript, allowing the speaker to remember key points and engage more effectively with the audience without being buried in paper.

Outlines

00:00

🎙️ Introduction to Speech Making Styles

The lecture begins with an introduction to the topic of speech making styles, emphasizing the importance of understanding different methods for effective public speaking. The instructor outlines four basic types: memorization, impromptu, manuscript, and extemporaneous speaking. The fear of public speaking is acknowledged, with a promise to address nervousness in the next lecture. The focus is on how to prepare for speeches and the potential pitfalls of each style, especially memorization, which can lead to problems if the speaker forgets a part of the speech.

05:02

🚫 The Pitfalls of Memorization

This section delves into the drawbacks of memorization as a speech making style, using Winston Churchill's experience as an example to illustrate how forgetting a part of a memorized speech can derail a presentation. The instructor firmly states that memorization will not be a technique used in the course, offering reassurance to students who may fear the method. The summary highlights the risks associated with memorization and the preference for other styles that allow for more flexibility and engagement.

10:05

🗣️ Impromptu Speaking: Unprepared and On-the-Spot

The paragraph discusses impromptu speaking, which involves speaking without much preparation, often encountered in situations like job interviews. The instructor uses the common interview question 'Tell me something about yourself' as an example, advising students to prepare for such questions in advance. The section also touches on the instructor's personal experience with impromptu speaking in a classroom setting and the importance of having a general understanding of the topic to speak effectively off-the-cuff.

15:07

✍️ Manuscript Speaking: The Do's and Don'ts

This section explains manuscript speaking, where a speaker reads from a fully prepared speech. The instructor makes it clear that this method will not be allowed in the course and warns of the penalties for doing so. The drawbacks include a robotic delivery, lack of eye contact, and difficulty in reading the audience's reactions. Tips for effective manuscript speaking are provided, such as using large font sizes and white space to avoid losing one's place, as well as strategies to maintain audience engagement.

20:08

📑 Extemporaneous Speaking: The Preferred Method

The final paragraph introduces extemporaneous speaking, which is the preferred method for the course. This style involves using note cards with key points to guide the speech, allowing for a more natural and engaging delivery. The instructor emphasizes the importance of practice, suggesting that speeches under 15 minutes should be practiced at least five to six times. The benefits of this method include the development of muscle memory, which helps in remembering the content and flow of the speech, and the ability to maintain eye contact and engage with the audience more effectively.

Keywords

💡Speech Making Styles

Speech making styles refer to the various methods a speaker can use to deliver a speech. In the video, four basic types are discussed: memorization, impromptu, manuscript, and extemporaneous. These styles are central to the video's theme, which is to educate viewers on effective public speaking and how to overcome common fears associated with public speaking.

💡Memorization

Memorization in the context of speech making involves committing the entire speech to memory. The video explains that while memorization may appear polished, it can be risky as forgetting a single word or phrase can disrupt the entire speech. The script uses the example of Winston Churchill forgetting his lines during a speech to illustrate the potential pitfalls of this method.

💡Impromptu Speaking

Impromptu speaking is the act of speaking without any preparation. The video discusses this style in relation to common scenarios like job interviews, where interviewees are often asked to speak 'off the cuff' about themselves. The script emphasizes the importance of having a general idea about the topic and the ability to think on one's feet.

💡Manuscript Speaking

Manuscript speaking is when a speaker reads from a fully prepared speech. The video explains that this method can come across as robotic and stiff, lacking the ability to engage with the audience effectively. The script warns against using this method in the course, stating that it will result in penalties for speeches that rely on reading from a manuscript.

💡Extemporaneous Speaking

Extemporaneous speaking is a style that combines elements of the other three styles. It involves using note cards with key points to guide the speech without reading it verbatim. The video highlights this as the preferred method for the course, as it allows for a more natural and engaging delivery. The script provides tips on how to effectively use note cards during a speech.

💡Public Speaking Fears

Public speaking fears are common apprehensions that individuals have about speaking in front of an audience. The video acknowledges these fears, such as the fear of forgetting what to say or being put on the spot, and reassures viewers that these concerns will be addressed in a subsequent lecture. The script uses these fears to introduce the topic of speech making styles.

💡Note Cards

Note cards are used in extemporaneous speaking to jot down key points of the speech. The video explains that these cards serve as a guide during the delivery, allowing the speaker to maintain eye contact and engage with the audience. The script provides advice on how to effectively use note cards, including writing directives on them to remind oneself to look up, smile, and pause.

💡Practice

Practice is emphasized in the video as an essential part of preparing for a speech, especially for extemporaneous speaking. The script suggests that speeches less than 15 minutes should be practiced at least five to six times to develop muscle memory and ensure a smooth delivery. The video also mentions practicing with all the tools one will use during the actual speech, such as PowerPoint and note cards.

💡Eye Contact

Eye contact is an important aspect of effective public speaking that allows a speaker to connect with the audience. The video discusses how manuscript speaking can hinder eye contact due to the speaker being focused on reading the script. In contrast, extemporaneous speaking, facilitated by the use of note cards, encourages maintaining eye contact with the audience.

💡Reading the Room

Reading the room refers to the ability of a speaker to gauge and respond to the audience's reactions during a speech. The video explains that manuscript speaking can impede this ability, as the speaker is often too focused on the script to notice the audience's engagement or disengagement. Extemporaneous speaking, with the use of note cards, allows for better audience awareness.

💡Dynamic Speaker

A dynamic speaker is one who can effectively engage with the audience, adapt to the situation, and deliver a speech with energy and enthusiasm. The video encourages the development of these skills through the use of extemporaneous speaking and the strategic use of note cards with directives to enhance the speech's delivery and audience interaction.

Highlights

Lecture eight discusses four basic speech making styles: memorization, impromptu, manuscript, and extemporaneous.

Public speaking fear often stems from concerns about forgetting what to say or being put on the spot.

Memorization can be risky as forgetting a single word can disrupt the entire speech.

Winston Churchill's anecdote illustrates the pitfalls of memorization in speech making.

Impromptu speaking occurs with little to no preparation, often encountered in job interviews.

Common interview questions like 'Tell me something about yourself' can be prepared for to ease impromptu speaking anxiety.

Manuscript speaking, reading directly from a prepared text, is discouraged due to its potential for stiffness and lack of audience engagement.

Extemporaneous speaking is a preferred method that combines elements of the other styles, using notes for delivery.

Note cards are used in extemporaneous speaking to replace the manuscript and ensure better audience engagement.

Practice is key for effective extemporaneous speaking, with a recommendation of five to six times for short speeches.

Incorporating directives like 'look up' and 'smile' on note cards can improve engagement and dynamism in speech delivery.

The lecture emphasizes the importance of note cards in developing a natural memory of the subject matter.

Extemporaneous speaking allows for better 'reading the room' and adjusting the speech based on audience reactions.

The lecture provides reassurance that memorization will not be a requirement in the course.

Impromptu speaking can be managed with prior thought and preparation, even though it seems spontaneous.

Manuscript speaking can be penalized in the course, highlighting the importance of engaging delivery.

The lecture concludes with a reminder of the importance of taking notes for future quizzes, tests, and exams.

Transcripts

all right and I am back now for lecture

eight lecture eight is about

speech making styles

okay so speech making sounds and there

are four speech making styles that we're

going to discuss this lecture is going

to be shorter than the ones that we've

been having but we'll get all of our

information just the same I am going to

share the screen of course

just wish this little thing here we go

okay so let's talk speech making there

are four basic types of speech made

memorization impromptu manuscript and

extemporaneous now I know that when you

guys did the introduction videos when

I've had multiple students tell me why

they're a little afraid of speaking

public speaking

it almost always comes back to fear of

forgetting what to say fear of messing

up

um

fear of not knowing what to say

fear of being put on the spot

all of these are stated fears that

students frequent frequently have and

it's totally understandable this this is

a serious thing

um in the next lecture in lecture nine

we're going to talk about nervousness

okay but for this speech

or rather for this lecture lecture eight

we're talking speech making and I want

you to know that some of the concerns

that you might have about being asked to

speak off the cuff or not having notes

speaking from memorization they just

don't fly at least in the course of this

class

and quite frankly

there are very few speaking moments

where you are going to be asked to speak

impromptu or without notes there are

some of course

but even in the ones that you think

there are no uh notes or Preparation

chances are there is you just have to

see it in a different perspective so

let's talk about these four types

memorization impromptu manuscript and

extemporaneous in no particular order

memorization speech making is just what

it says you have committed your entire

presentation your entire speech to

memory it's all stored here in the head

and while that may look good right you

may look like you're moving through the

entire speech word for word you're

gliding through you look so polished so

eloquent it sounds good it looks good

however it has the potential

to totally derail you as a speaker why

now if we were in class right now I know

that everyone will be throwing out

answers and you're probably throwing out

some right now just as you're thinking

about it right

the truth is that

memorization speaking while it may look

very polished

if the speaker forgets a single word a

single thought a single phrase

it could ruin everything

right it could ruin everything

I'm here to tell you that some of the

world's best orders

did not rely on memorization in order to

do their speaking

they did not rely on memorization to do

it it is a Dangerous Method because

again you are subject to forget and you

could forget or be thrown off course

through anything

yawning

excuse me to make you forget your train

of thought I just heard thunder

I could it's just like a little squirrel

right I could get off track and off key

by thinking about or listening to or

watching the things that are happening

around me so memorization

is not advised really it isn't and even

when I mentioned a few minutes ago some

of the best orders did not do

memorization there's a story that says

that Winston Churchill who used to be a

prime minister of England

of Britain and it's he was well known as

an orator in his day well-known order

and The Story Goes that he always

presented his speeches through

memorization

excuse me

until this one instance where he was

presenting his speech and he forgot

he forgot what he was saying

excuse me you guys one second

he forgot what he was saying

and that threw off everything now I

think he recovered as the story goes but

from that point forward he never again

utilized the memorization method to

making speeches Okay so

we won't be doing memorization in this

class you hit you heard it here first

you heard it from me we will not be

doing memorization speech making in this

course yay

all right so that should be a sigh of

relief some of you should be able to

leave a little bit more easily now all

right so next let's talk to impromptu

impromptu speaking what how is that of

course you already know it's the kind

that happens off the cuff off the top of

your head with little to no preparation

ahead of time impromptu speaking happens

with little to no preparation ahead of

time okay now

what's the scenario where most people

are asked to do impromptu speaking the

scenario that most of us could all agree

to would be what

a job interview it would be the job

interview most times in the job

interview you're going to be asked at

least one question and the question that

I want to focus on right now is the one

that most people seem to dread

do you know what it is

gosh I don't know why

this seems to elicit such naughty I have

no idea okay because I know I'm not

boring of a lot of things but boring is

not one of them so I don't know what the

yawning is about all right so

if you thought to yourself

that is the question of tell me

something about yourself you would be

correct that is one for many people it

is one of the most dreaded questions to

hear during the interview

partly because people say they don't

know what to say and so first of all you

you shouldn't be caught off guard with

that question because as it goes we all

know now that in many many many

interviews people ask that question now

where I'm at now in my interview process

for the jobs that I hold

excuse me

no one's really asking me that anymore

tell me something about yourself

um it happens very rarely now for

teaching

teaching interviews that happens very

rarely now they do ask other questions

that could throw you off off guard but

so for those of you who are just

preparing to enter into the workforce

expect to be asked that question yes

tell me something about yourself or tell

me why do you want to work for this

company

tell me where do you see yourself in

five to ten years these are kind of

standard questions now that everyone

knows are being asked to interviews and

because you already know that these are

questions that occur you should be

thinking about answers before the

interview you should be

um

preparing a few notes jotting down a few

notes giving it some thoughts so that

you know what to say or how to answer

that question when that time comes I

suspect that most people are

uncomfortable with that question because

they don't know how to answer it they

don't know what to say in that regard

and that's the story for another day but

if there's anyone in this class who

wants a little bit of help in that area

please do personally reach out to me by

canvas because I can vote okay if you

need to know a few tips or pointers on

how to answer the

um the impromptu questions in the job

interview of tell me something about

yourself why do you want to work here

and uh where do you see yourself in five

years you need help with those questions

reach out to me by canvas and I'll be

happy to help

so back to the story at hand impromptu

speaking deals with little to no

preparation now

this is good if you already have some

general idea of the topic at hand yes

there are many things that if you were

to just throw out random topics now I

could just talk about just like that

with a you know a few minutes worth of

talk if I know something about the topic

already right and so sometimes in

face-to-face courses I've done this like

because students don't believe me

sometimes they think oh well you've been

doing this for years and so then I'll

ask them to throw out two to three

random topics just random things and I

can just talk about those things I know

how to finesse now even if it's a topic

I'm not very familiar with I know how to

finesse a two to three minute speaking

opportunity and so this is something

that you develop over time you're not

going to learn that in five weeks of

course but over time and over practice

it's something that you learn how to do

impromptu speaking

is something that you won't do in this

class this semester simply by virtue of

the nature of the class delivery because

it is this online format

um

and because we're just not here together

you're not going to do it now but if

this were face-to-face class you would

have an opportunity for a prompt to

because your introduction speech that

would have been impromptu you would have

had to deliver it right there on the

spot you would have been given a couple

of questions right in the beginning you

would have delivered and that's it you

would not have had time to jot notes

down like some of you did you will not

have had time to record it once or twice

or three times like some of the Dead

okay so you won't do that in this class

but it prompted speaking just so that

you know if this is on a quiz in a test

that impromptu speaking gives with

little to no Advance preparation

okay next we have manuscript speaking

now

you won't do manuscript speaking in this

class either

let me say that again you will not be

allowed to do manuscripts speaking in

this class in fact

if you are doing manuscripts speaking in

this class you are going to receive a

penalty on your searches

allow me to say that again if you are

doing manuscript speaking in this class

on your speech date you will receive a

penalty the penalty is usually between

10 to 15 points of your assignment

10 to 15 points of your assignment you

will receive a penalty if you engage in

manuscript speaking for this

you heard it your first

a manuscript speaking is very simply

when you have prepared

a full speech

okay you've prepared a full speech

and you are reading from it

hi my name is Rukia I love to be

outdoors I love the beach I love to

watch Birds whatever it is if you are

reading from your manuscript whether

here or down below it doesn't matter the

positioning that is unacceptable for

this course I wonder if anyone knows why

that is

I wish we were here together so you

could throw out some answers

But to answer really is simply that when

you are manuscript speaking in many ways

it gives a sense of roboticness it's a

kind of stiffness that the audience

feels perhaps with the speaker

additionally it doesn't always allow for

good eye contact right when you are

reading the manuscript you are often

like this

reading

speaking

you very rarely look up at the audience

okay so that is a problem also with

manuscript speaking

manuscript speaking also in a way can uh

prevent you from reading the room it is

important that as a speaker you are able

to read the room that means to notice

who's falling asleep who's engaged

notice the energy who's with you who's

not with you and if your hand is

constantly buried in the script

you are unable to be attentive and

attuned to the things that are happening

around you with your audience

okay now you will often see people

engage in manuscript speaking

looking for a flash drive I was hoping I

had with okay

so

when you see people engaging in

manuscript speaking

sometimes they are doing a good job

don't get me wrong but it takes a lot of

practice to do so for example good

speakers who use manuscripts first of

all they type the letter they type the

speech in huge letters I mean

like 25

265 35 like huge letters so then that

means they're going to have a lot of

pages perhaps right because you can't

get as much content on a page if your

letters are super big you know but they

do that so that they leave adequate

white space between each line and so

that they can see the words very clearly

similar to what happens when people are

using teleprompter screens in their

presentations on stage right very

similar to that but at your left turn or

your Podium instead of on a screen being

projected out so when you're using the

manuscript you would enlarge the text

enlarge the font to anywhere from 18 to

let's say 30 just depending on your

eyesight and you know all those other

factors but generally mine would be

about a 20 to 22 printed

on paper the white space helps you to

follow along I know that you guys have

seen people who are reading from a

manuscript reading a speech and they get

kind of uh

they trip over their words right you can

see they kind of lose their place they

lose their train of thought usually it's

because they have too many words on the

paper their words are too close together

they've used regular size font all of

that and it does not make good for

reading speeches so you want to increase

the font which inevitably can increase

the white space You could also do

instead of single spacing you could do

an inch and a half or you could do

double spacing also to give you that

space between lines which helps you to

see better additionally when if you're

going to use a manuscript speech and

remember you will not be allowed to do

that in this class but if some other

experiences require speech making and

you're using a manuscript something else

that I advise students to do

is after every few sentences literally

write the word

smile

literally write the phrase look up

literally on your manuscript write the

phrase look left

literally on your manuscript write the

phrase look right

okay

and I did look left for your benefit and

look right for your benefit although

that's turned around for me I hope that

helped but you are going to literally

write those instructions down those

directives because as you're reading

remember I said one of the problems with

manuscript reading of course is that

you're buried in your paper and you're

not doing what you need to do with the

audience so if you're right reading

and you're reading your content and then

eventually you come to a phrase that

says smile it'll help you smile

and then you keep reading more content a

few more lines and you come to the

directive to look up

it reminds you to look up

and you should do this generously

throughout the speech so that you are

constantly looking up at the audience

looking to your audience right looking

to your audience left you want to

constantly constantly constantly do

those things so that you are engaging

properly with your audience

okay manuscript speaking

the fourth and final type of speech

making that we're covering is

extemporaneous speaking now

extemporaneous speaking is the kind of

speaking that you will be doing for this

course throughout it is a more preferred

type of speaking

extemporaneous speaking actually takes a

little bit of all of those other types

and rolls it into one

here's what I mean it's temporaneous

speaking deals with

notes

hence the reason that we use note cards

for this class right hence the reason

that we use note cards for this class so

you're going to write your speech out in

outline format

you're going to then jot down key points

onto your note cards

and you're going to use these note cards

during your delivery

the note cards take the place of the

manuscript

the note cards take the place of the

manuscript

the note cards take the place of the

manuscript okay and so in that regard

you're going to prepare your notes and

you're going to new use your notes

during your speech so you will have your

notes Here God has a lot of note cards

here I love it so you're going to have

your notes Here in your hand and you'll

be using these to remember the fine

points that you want to share with your

audience now

extemporaneous speaking should also come

with practice technically all the

speeches should come with practice

memorization manuscript and

extemporaneous impromptu you can't

really practice per se but you can

practice the things that you think you

might say okay so

extemporaneous speaking should come with

lots of practice here's a rule of thumb

for small speeches less than 15 minutes

you should practice at least three times

but ideal is five

five to six is ideal

and when you practice the speech these

five to six times you should do it in

its most authentic way meaning if you

have a PowerPoint that you're using you

should have the PowerPoint open and you

should have your note cards ready and

you should be moving through the

PowerPoint and using your note cards and

speaking and timing it so that you can

get a sense of how long your speech is

taking

now

in the process of this practice what's

happening

you have your note cards you're

practicing your speech you're practicing

what you want to say what is happening

in this practice

now if we were together

at the same time this is the moment when

everybody with Full House of answers

right

so I'm sure the answers you would have

thrown out Simply would be to say that

as you practice you kind of memorize it

as you practice you're remembering what

comes next

true

so as we practice our speech for

extemporaneous but again for all of the

types we are developing a kind of muscle

memory in the process of doing so

and as that muscle memory develops for

us

what also happens is that we begin to

remember what comes next

we begin to remember naturally what

comes next what we are to say next and

that

is how extemporaneous speaking Works

you're not trying to memorize it you're

not trying to present a speech from

memory you're utilizing the source the

resources available to you which is the

note card which replaces the manuscript

but in the practice of preparing and

practicing and practicing and practicing

you develop memory of the subject matter

developing that memory and having these

no cards helps you to also look up and

to engage your audience more

and quite honestly I teach my students

that even on your note cards

to put those directives to look up

to slow down to smile look left look

right

pause take a breath

breathe

all of these are directed to you to

remind yourself what to do in the course

of that speech this is something that I

strongly advise you to do with your note

cards

strongly advise you to do you will not

be penalized if you don't do it

but it will help you in the long run it

is good practice and it will help you as

you move throughout your career

experience many of you are going to have

careers where you're going to have to

address patients address clients address

colleagues very frequently

sometimes in very impromptu setting and

sometimes making

recorded speeches

having those directives on your note

cards to look up to smile to slow down

to breathe to pause are going to be very

helpful in making a dynamic speaker and

that's what we all want

so

I hope that this information has been

helpful to you make sure that you're

taking notes and you're paying attention

because as I've said multiple times the

information that appears in your

lectures as well as in your textbook

these are things that are going to all

be in your quizzes your tests and your

exams so you want to be prepared for

these things all right I'll see you soon

and next we're going to be talking in

lecture nine we're going to be

discussing nervousness

nervousness and anxiety unless you're

not all right see you soon