CSL III_Keterampilan teknik flebotomi dan pembacaan hasil darah

Summary

This video explains the importance of laboratory test result interpretation in clinical pathology. It covers how test results assist in diagnosing diseases, selecting therapies, and monitoring prognosis. Key laboratory tests, such as hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, liver function, and kidney function tests, are discussed with normal value ranges and the implications of abnormal results. It emphasizes the factors that influence test outcomes, including patient conditions and laboratory methods. The video aims to guide clinicians in accurately interpreting test results for effective patient care and diagnosis.

Takeaways

• 😀 Laboratory test result interpretation is crucial for doctors and patients in diagnosing, therapy, and prognosis.
• 😀 Accurate interpretation requires knowing normal or reference values for various tests to avoid errors.
• 😀 Errors in laboratory result interpretation can arise from specimen factors, pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical stages.
• 😀 Laboratory test results provide valuable information to confirm diagnoses, evaluate treatment effectiveness, and assess patient status.
• 😀 Test results are affected by both patient-related factors (age, gender, clinical condition) and laboratory-related factors (specimen handling, analysis methods).
• 😀 Laboratory test results can be quantitative (exact values or ranges), qualitative (positive/negative), or semi-quantitative (degree of positivity).
• 😀 Critical values in laboratory results may indicate life-threatening conditions and require immediate action.
• 😀 Normal test values do not always correlate with clinical meaning, and results within normal ranges may still be clinically significant in some cases.
• 😀 Tests can be grouped into panels (e.g., blood count, liver function, kidney function) to assess overall health status.
• 😀 Laboratory test results can be influenced by various factors, including medication, exercise, stress, or diseases like leukemia or anemia.
• 😀 Each laboratory has its own reference values for tests, meaning test results may vary between clinics or hospitals.

Q & A

Why is interpreting laboratory test results important for doctors and patients?

Interpreting laboratory test results is crucial because they provide valuable supporting information for diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. It helps doctors in establishing a diagnosis, confirming it, evaluating the patient's clinical status, and assessing the effectiveness of treatments.

What are the three stages of errors that can affect laboratory test results?

Errors in laboratory test results can arise in three stages: the pre-analytical stage (which involves specimen collection and handling), the analytical stage (which involves the testing process itself), and the post-analytical stage (which involves data interpretation and reporting).

What is a 'critical value' in laboratory test results?

A 'critical value' in laboratory test results refers to a result that indicates a life-threatening condition or disorder. It requires immediate attention or intervention to prevent severe health outcomes.

How are laboratory test results expressed quantitatively, qualitatively, and semi-quantitatively?

Laboratory test results are expressed in three ways: quantitatively (with exact numbers or ranges, like hemoglobin levels), qualitatively (as positive or negative results without specifying degrees), and semi-quantitatively (indicating the degree of positivity, like 'positive 1', 'positive 2', etc.).

What factors can influence laboratory test results?

Laboratory test results can be influenced by patient-related factors (age, gender, genetics, clinical conditions, medications) and laboratory-related factors (specimen collection methods, handling, quality, analysis methods, and equipment used).

What are the normal ranges for hemoglobin (HB) in men and women?

For men, the normal hemoglobin (HB) range is 14-16 g/dL, and for women, it is 12-14 g/dL. These levels are important for oxygen transport and blood health.

What causes a decrease in the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

A decrease in erythrocytes can occur due to conditions like anemia, leukemia, kidney disease, thalassemia, hemolysis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as the effects of certain drugs.

What is the normal leukocyte (white blood cell) count, and what can cause it to increase or decrease?

The normal leukocyte count is 4,000 to 10,000 per cubic millimeter. An increase (leukocytosis) can be caused by infections, malignancy, surgery, or trauma. A decrease (leukopenia) can result from viral infections, certain drugs, leukemia, or conditions like aplastic anemia and multiple myeloma.

What are the roles of platelets in blood clotting, and what conditions affect their levels?

Platelets are involved in stopping bleeding by forming clots. Low platelet levels (thrombocytopenia) are associated with conditions like dengue fever, leukemia, and ITP. High platelet levels (thrombocytosis) can be caused by cancer, trauma, or conditions like polycythemia vera.

What do urea and creatinine levels indicate about kidney function?

Urea and creatinine levels are key indicators of kidney function. Elevated levels of these substances suggest impaired kidney filtration, which is common in kidney disease.