Arcadismo em Portugal [Prof. Noslen]

Summary

The video discusses the literary movement of Arcadism in Portugal, focusing on its emergence in the 18th century amid the Age of Enlightenment. It highlights how Arcadism sought to counter the extravagant Baroque style, emphasizing reason, simplicity, and a return to classical models. Key themes include the celebration of nature, the rural life of shepherds, and a critique of urban bourgeoisie. The movement's influence on literature is explored through notable poets such as Bocage and Cruz e Silva. The video also provides a connection to the evolution of Arcadism in Brazil, setting the stage for future discussions.

Takeaways

• 😀 Arcadism in Portugal emerged in the 18th century, inspired by Enlightenment ideas, and was characterized by a shift from Baroque extravagance to a more rational, simpler, and classical style.
• 😀 Arcadism arose as a reaction against the Baroque, which was highly elaborate and ornate, emphasizing instead simplicity and rationality in literature and art.
• 😀 The Arcadia Lusitania, founded in 1776 in Lisbon, was a literary academy that played a crucial role in the development of Arcadism in Portugal, following the model of the Italian Arcadia.
• 😀 The Arcadian movement in Portugal was driven by the need for renewal after the War of Restoration, which marked Portugal's independence from Spain and led to political and cultural transformation.
• 😀 Arcadism embraced neoclassicism, promoting the return to classical Greek and Roman models, and celebrating the peaceful and harmonious lifestyle of rural life.
• 😀 Arcadism's key themes included the idealization of nature, the pursuit of simplicity, and the critique of urban, bourgeois society.
• 😀 The movement focused on the countryside as an escape from the chaos of the city, with a strong emphasis on pastoral themes, such as shepherds, rural landscapes, and simple living.
• 😀 Arcadism in Portugal advocated for a rational, scientific approach to art and literature, aligning with the broader European Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and logic.
• 😀 Major poets and writers associated with the Arcadian movement in Portugal include Bocage, Cruz e Silva, and Almeida de Carvalho, among others.
• 😀 The use of pseudonyms by writers was common in Arcadism, allowing authors to adopt new identities and distance themselves from personal fame or social status.
• 😀 The lecture also briefly touches on the influence of Arcadism in Brazil, noting the connection between Portuguese and Brazilian literary movements during the same period.

Q & A

What is the central theme of Arcadism in Portugal?

Arcadism in Portugal emphasized reason, simplicity, and a return to classical ideals, while rejecting the complexity and religious focus of the Baroque period. It promoted rational thought, scientific inquiry, and the celebration of nature, especially through an idealized view of rural life.

What historical event marked a turning point for Portugal leading to the rise of Arcadism?

The War of Restoration (1640-1668) marked a crucial turning point for Portugal, granting the country its independence from Spain. This event set the stage for a period of political, social, and intellectual renewal, contributing to the emergence of Arcadism.

How does Arcadism relate to the Enlightenment period?

Arcadism is deeply connected to the Enlightenment, a period of scientific, technological, and social development. The movement's focus on reason, scientific progress, and critique of established norms aligns with Enlightenment ideals, which sought to challenge religious dogma and promote intellectual growth.

What were the main characteristics of the Arcadian literary style?

Arcadian literature featured simplicity, objectivity, and rationalism, which were reactions against the extravagant, ornate style of the Baroque. It also celebrated bucolic themes, nature, and rural life, focusing on the harmony between humanity and nature.

What was the role of Arcadia Lusitana in the development of Arcadism in Portugal?

Arcadia Lusitana, founded in 1776 in Lisbon, was a literary academy that played a pivotal role in the development of Arcadism in Portugal. It was inspired by the Italian Arcadia and aimed to counter the Baroque by promoting a simpler, more rational style of writing.

Why was the Baroque period criticized by Arcadian writers?

The Baroque was criticized by Arcadian writers for its complexity, ornamentation, and religious focus. Arcadism sought to replace the Baroque's excessive refinement with a more straightforward, rational approach to literature and art.

What is the concept of 'bucolicism' in Arcadism?

Bucolicism in Arcadism refers to the idealization of rural life and nature. It reflects the movement's desire to escape the chaos and corruption of urban life, seeking solace and harmony in the simplicity and beauty of the countryside.

How did Arcadian writers view urban life and the bourgeoisie?

Arcadian writers were critical of urban life and the bourgeoisie, which they saw as symbols of corruption and excess. They idealized rural life as a contrast to the perceived moral decay of city living.

What role did pseudonyms play in the Arcadian movement?

Pseudonyms were commonly used by Arcadian poets to maintain anonymity and separate their true identities from their literary work. This practice was part of the broader Arcadian ideal of detaching from personal fame and embracing a collective artistic identity.

Who were some of the most important poets of Arcadism in Portugal?

Some of the most prominent poets of Arcadism in Portugal included Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage, António Dias da Cruz e Silva, Pedro António Correia Garção, Marquesa de Alorna, Francisco José Freire, Domingos dos Reis Quita, Nicolau Tolentino de Almeida, and Filinto Elísio.