Apa itu filosofi pendidikan? Yuk simak artinya menurut Ki Hadjar Dewantara | Sekolah Guru Kebinekaan

Yayasan Cahaya Guru

13 Dec 202108:09

Summary

TLDRThe video script introduces Ki Hajar Dewantara, the father of Indonesian education, and his philosophy on education. It highlights his inspiration from educators like Fredrik Robbal, Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore, and his introduction of the 'Among' system in Tamansiswa, which promotes freedom in learning. The script emphasizes the importance of independence and humanity in education, the role of educators as facilitators, and the significance of three educational centers: nature, family, and school. It also discusses the need for cultural continuity and convergence in the face of change, aiming to guide children towards the highest possible safety and happiness.

Takeaways

📚 Ki Hajar Dewantara is revered as the 'Father of Indonesian Education' and the founder of Tamansiswa, emphasizing the importance of freedom and humanity in education.
🌱 Born as Raden Mas Suwardi Suryaningrat, he was an activist in the educational, cultural, and political spheres, contributing to organizations like Budi Utomo and Indiseparti.
✍️ His writings were influential and sharp, leading to his exile to the Netherlands where he continued to write and learn about journalism, theater, and pedagogy.
🌟 Ki Hajar Dewantara was inspired by the educational philosophies of Friedrich Fröbel, Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore, incorporating their concepts into his vision for education.
🏡 The 'Taman Siswa' system introduced by Ki Hajar Dewantara emphasized the 'Among' system, providing children with the freedom to learn and teachers acting as facilitators.
💡 The core ideas of Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy are freedom and humanity, aiming to cultivate independent thinkers and doers.
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Education involves collaboration between three key environments: nature, family, and school, all of which are crucial for the holistic development of a child.
🌱 He believed that education should encompass teaching, upbringing, and culture, with the ultimate goal of empowering individuals with knowledge and skills for life.
🌼 Education is seen as a place for the germination of cultural seeds, enhancing the value of humanity through the development of refined thought, sensitivity, and strong will.
🌐 Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational ideas are rooted in the love for the homeland and the cultural heritage, promoting an education that liberates and humanizes.
🔄 The teachings of Ki Hajar Dewantara are still relevant today, as he acknowledged the dynamic nature of culture and the need for adaptation to changing times while preserving humanistic values.

Q & A

Who is Indah Novrida Manurung and what is her role in the video?
-Indah Novrida Manurung is the host of the educational video, guiding the audience through the philosophy of education with a focus on the teachings of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
What is Ki Hajar Dewantara known for in the context of Indonesian education?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara is known as the 'Father of Education' in Indonesia, the founder of Tamansiswa, and a descendant of the three noble families of Java: Tut, Wuri Handayani, and Ertosun Tulodo.
What were Ki Hajar Dewantara's early life activities and how did they shape his educational philosophy?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara was initially involved in the Budi Utomo and Indiseparti organizations, writing sharp articles in various newspapers. His writings led to his exile to the Netherlands, where he continued to write and learn about journalism, theater, and pedagogy, which influenced his educational philosophy.
Which three educational figures influenced Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts on education?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara was influenced by the thoughts of Fredrik Robbal, the proponent of the 'Taman Kanak-Kanak' (Children's Garden), Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore, who inspired the concepts of play, learning, and the Shantiniketan model, respectively.
Can you explain the 'Among' system introduced by Ki Hajar Dewantara in Tamansiswa?
-The 'Among' system is an educational approach introduced by Ki Hajar Dewantara in Tamansiswa that emphasizes freedom for children to learn. The teacher's role is to facilitate, acting as a guide or 'Pamong' rather than a dictator of knowledge.
What are the key concepts of Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy?
-The key concepts of Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy include freedom and humanity. He believed in educating children to be free thinkers and doers, with educators serving as examples and supporters rather than enforcers of their will.
According to the script, what are the three centers of education that are crucial for a child's development?
-The three centers of education that are crucial for a child's development, as mentioned in the script, are the natural environment, the family environment, and the school environment. All three need to work in harmony for the best interests of the child.
What is the broader scope of education according to Ki Hajar Dewantara's philosophy?
-According to Ki Hajar Dewantara, education is not limited to teaching; it encompasses teaching, upbringing, and culture. Its purpose is to provide children with sufficient knowledge and skills for life and to liberate them from ignorance.
How does Ki Hajar Dewantara view the role of culture in education?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara sees culture as an integral part of education, serving as a place for the germination of cultural seeds. He believes that cultural education elevates human values and is essential for a liberated and humanizing education.
What is the relevance of Ki Hajar Dewantara's teachings in today's world, and how do they address change?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara's teachings remain relevant as they emphasize the importance of adapting to change while maintaining the core human values. He encourages embracing the inevitable changes of time and culture, ensuring that the essence of humanity is preserved.
What are the terms 'Kodrat Alam' and 'Kodrat Zaman' as mentioned in the script, and how do they relate to education?
-In the script, 'Kodrat Alam' refers to the natural form and characteristics of culture, which can vary by location, while 'Kodrat Zaman' refers to the content and rhythm of culture, influenced by the times. Education should ensure the continuity, convergence, and centricity of these aspects, guiding children to achieve the highest level of safety and happiness.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Ki Hajar Dewantara's Educational Philosophy

The first paragraph introduces Indah Novrida Manurung, the host of the educational session, who will guide the audience through the educational philosophy of Ki Hajar Dewantara, an influential figure in Indonesian education. The paragraph explores his background, including his role as an activist, educator, and cultural figure. It mentions his involvement with organizations like Budi Utomo and Indiseparti, and his writings that led to his exile by the Dutch. The influence of educational thinkers like Fredrik Robbal, Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore on his ideas is highlighted. The paragraph also discusses the 'Taman Siswa' concept, where Ki Hajar Dewantara introduced the 'Among' system, emphasizing freedom in learning and the role of the teacher as a facilitator rather than an enforcer. The core ideas of freedom and humanity in education are underscored, along with the importance of three educational centers: family, school, and social movements, all of which should collaborate for the child's benefit.

05:00

🌟 The Dynamic Nature of Culture and Education

The second paragraph delves into Ki Hajar Dewantara's views on the dynamic nature of culture and the inevitability of change. It discusses the transition period we are currently in and the emotional responses to the disappearance of old habits and the emergence of new ones. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of adapting to change and the need to maintain the essence of humanity in culture, regardless of the era. The concepts of 'kodrat alam' (natural destiny) and 'kodrat zaman' (temporal destiny) are introduced to differentiate between the form and nature of culture, which can vary by location, and the content and rhythm of culture, which is influenced by the times. The paragraph concludes with the purpose of education, which is to guide the innate potential in children to achieve the highest level of safety and happiness, and the responsibility of educators in contributing to this noble goal.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Filosofi Pendidikan

Filosofi Pendidikan, or Educational Philosophy, refers to the theoretical and conceptual framework that underpins the practice of education. In the video, it is the central theme, focusing on the teachings of Ki Hajar Dewantara, an influential figure in Indonesian education. His philosophy emphasized the importance of freedom and humanity in education, as seen in his concept of 'Taman Siswa' (Garden of Students), where students are encouraged to learn freely and teachers act as facilitators.

💡Ki Hajar Dewantara

Ki Hajar Dewantara is a key figure in the script, known as the 'Father of Indonesian Education.' He was a pioneer in educational reform and introduced the concept of 'Taman Siswa,' which aimed to create a liberated and humanized learning environment. His ideas were influenced by the educational philosophies of Fredrik Robbal, Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore, as mentioned in the script.

💡Taman Siswa

Taman Siswa, meaning 'Garden of Students,' is an educational institution founded by Ki Hajar Dewantara. It is a practical application of his educational philosophy, where students are given freedom to learn and teachers act as facilitators or 'Pamong.' The script mentions this as a place where the 'sistem Among' was introduced, emphasizing the role of the teacher as a guide rather than a dictator.

💡Sistem Among

Sistem Among is an educational system introduced by Ki Hajar Dewantara within Taman Siswa. It is a student-centered approach that provides freedom for students to learn at their own pace. The script describes it as a system where the teacher's role is to support and guide, rather than to impose their will on the students, reflecting the philosophy of freedom and humanity in education.

💡Kebudayaan

Kebudayaan, or culture, is a recurring theme in the script, emphasizing the role of culture in education. Ki Hajar Dewantara believed that education should not only impart knowledge but also cultivate cultural values. The script mentions that education is a place for the 'semina benih kebudayaan,' or the sowing of cultural seeds, indicating the importance of nurturing cultural values alongside academic learning.

💡Kemanusiaan

Kemanusiaan, or humanity, is a core concept in Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy. It is about treating students as human beings with their own thoughts and energies. The script mentions that in the 'sistem Among,' students are educated to become 'manusia yang merdeka,' or free human beings, highlighting the importance of nurturing individuality and autonomy in the learning process.

💡Pamong

Pamong is an Indonesian term for a facilitator or guide, used in the context of the 'sistem Among.' In the script, it refers to the role of the teacher in Taman Siswa, who supports and facilitates the learning process rather than dictating it. This reflects the educational philosophy of Ki Hajar Dewantara, where the teacher is a companion in the learning journey rather than an authority figure.

💡Maria Montessori

Maria Montessori is an educational reformer whose ideas influenced Ki Hajar Dewantara. She is known for the Montessori method, which emphasizes independence, freedom within limits, and respect for a child's natural psychological development. The script mentions her as one of the three educational figures that inspired Ki Hajar Dewantara, particularly her concept of 'pancaindra,' or five senses, in learning.

💡Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore is a Bengali poet, philosopher, and educator who founded the Visva-Bharati University in Shantiniketan, India. His educational model, which integrates learning with nature and promotes freedom of thought, inspired Ki Hajar Dewantara. The script refers to Tagore's 'model Shantiniketan' as an influence on the development of Taman Siswa.

💡Kodrat Alam

Kodrat Alam, or natural disposition, is a concept in the script that refers to the inherent characteristics and tendencies of individuals. It is part of the broader discussion on education's role in nurturing the natural talents and abilities of children. The script suggests that education should be in harmony with 'kodrat alam' to ensure that children's unique qualities are respected and developed.

💡Kodrat Zaman

Kodrat Zaman, or the spirit of the times, is a concept that refers to the changing nature of culture and society influenced by the era. The script discusses the importance of adapting education to the 'kodrat zaman' while maintaining the universal values of humanity. It suggests that while the content and rhythm of education may change with time, the essence of humanity should remain constant.

Highlights

Introduction to Ki Hajar Dewantara, known as the Father of Indonesian Education.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's early life and his birth name, Raden Mas Suwardi Suryaningrat.

His role as an activist in education, culture, and journalism, and his influence through writing.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's exile to the Netherlands and his continued activism and learning.

Influences on his educational philosophy from Fredrik Robbal, Maria Montessori, and Rabindranath Tagore.

The concept of 'Taman Siswa' and the 'Among' system, emphasizing freedom in learning.

The role of the teacher as a facilitator or 'Pamong' in the 'Among' system.

The importance of freedom and humanity in Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy.

The idea of educating to create free thinkers and doers.

The three centers of education important for children: nature, family, and school.

The collaborative role of youth in the educational process.

The comprehensive nature of education, including teaching, education, and culture.

Education's purpose to liberate and cultivate moral and ethical values in individuals.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy rooted in cultural heritage and patriotism.

The relevance of Ki Hajar Dewantara's teachings in the context of societal changes and cultural dynamics.

The concept of 'kodrat' (destiny) in relation to culture and time, and its implications for education.

The importance of maintaining humanity in the face of inevitable change.

The principles of continuity, convergence, and centripetal force in education and cultural adaptation.

The ultimate goal of education to guide individuals towards the highest level of safety and happiness.

The responsibility of educators in contributing to the lofty goals of education.

Closing remarks emphasizing the importance of teaching, educating, and presenting a liberating and humanizing culture.