GL CBT IPM 1 - 2/8 (Infeksi Virus HSV 1)

Summary

This video script delves into viral infections, focusing on the human herpesvirus (HHV) family and their oral manifestations. It covers the various types of herpesviruses, including HSV1 and HSV2, and their associated conditions such as primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, recurrent intraoral herpes, and herpes labialis. The script explains how these infections present with symptoms like fever, fatigue, and mouth ulcers, and outlines treatment options, including antivirals like acyclovir, symptomatic therapies, and supportive care. The video also touches on the importance of recognizing these infections, particularly in dental settings, and emphasizes appropriate management strategies for effective patient care.

Takeaways

• 😀 HSV1 (Herpes Simplex Virus type 1) causes several oral conditions, including primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, recurrent intraoral herpes, and herpes labialis.
• 😀 The human herpesvirus family consists of eight members, from HHV1 to HHV8, each with distinct manifestations and treatment options.
• 😀 The primary sign of viral infections often includes fever, tiredness, body aches, and general discomfort, known as prodromal symptoms.
• 😀 Viral infections with intraoral manifestations commonly lead to multiple ulcers, often starting with vesicles before progressing to larger sores.
• 😀 Treatment for viral infections depends on whether vesicles are still present; antivirals like acyclovir are used if vesicles remain.
• 😀 Symptomatic therapy for viral infections includes the use of antipyretics (e.g., paracetamol) and mouthwashes to relieve pain.
• 😀 Supportive therapy, such as multivitamins and immune-boosting treatments like isoprinol, is recommended to aid recovery and strengthen the immune system.
• 😀 In recurrent intraoral herpes (secondary herpes infection), the treatment approach mirrors primary herpes infection, focusing on antivirals and symptom management.
• 😀 Herpes labialis is characterized by vesicles on the lips and can be treated with either oral or topical acyclovir, depending on the severity.
• 😀 Herpetic whitlow, a condition caused by HSV1, often appears on the fingertips of dental professionals and can be treated with topical acyclovir cream.

Q & A

What are some viruses that cause intraoral manifestations?

Several viruses can cause intraoral manifestations, including members of the human herpes virus family (HHV1 to HHV8), as well as coxsackievirus A16, enterovirus 71, human papillomavirus, paramyxovirus, HIV, rubella virus, and morbilli virus.

How many members are in the human herpesvirus family, and what are their names?

The human herpesvirus family consists of eight members: HHV1, HHV2, HHV3, HHV4, HHV5, HHV6, HHV7, and HHV8.

What are the common symptoms of viral infections, especially those with intraoral manifestations?

Common symptoms include fever or subfebrile condition, tiredness, aches, and other prodromal symptoms. Ulcers, often starting as vesicles, are also a typical manifestation.

What is the treatment approach for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis caused by HSV1?

The treatment involves administering antivirals like acyclovir if vesicles are still present. Symptomatic therapies include antipyretics (e.g., paracetamol), mouthwashes (e.g., chlorhexidine gluconate), and supportive care with multivitamins or isoprinosine.

What is the main difference between primary and recurrent intraoral herpes infections?

The main difference is that primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is the first occurrence of the virus, while recurrent intraoral herpes occurs after the initial infection. Both conditions involve similar symptoms, including vesicles and ulcers, but recurrent cases are not the first occurrence.

How should herpes labialis (cold sores) be treated?

Herpes labialis can be treated with antivirals like oral acyclovir or topical acyclovir cream. Symptomatic therapy may include antipyretics for fever, mouthwashes for ulcer pain, and supportive care with multivitamins.

What is herpetic whitlow, and how is it treated?

Herpetic whitlow is a condition where herpes lesions appear on the fingertips, typically due to direct contact with a patient’s saliva. Treatment involves the use of topical acyclovir cream and supportive therapy, similar to other herpes infections.

What is the role of antivirals in treating viral infections with vesicles?

Antivirals are used when vesicles are present to inhibit the replication of the virus. The choice of antiviral depends on the virus, and common options include acyclovir, valacyclovir, and other agents that inhibit DNA replication.

What are the key mechanisms of action of antiviral drugs?

Antiviral drugs work in various ways, including inhibiting DNA or RNA replication, preventing virus uncoating, inhibiting reverse transcriptase, and blocking protease activity. Examples include acyclovir (inhibits DNA replication) and ribavirin (inhibits RNA synthesis).

How do you distinguish between primary and recurrent herpetic infections?

Primary herpetic infections occur for the first time and often involve more widespread symptoms. Recurrent infections, however, happen in individuals who have been previously infected, and while the symptoms may be similar, they tend to be less severe and localized.