Что делать когда ничего не получается?

Takeaways

• 😀 Willpower is central to personality development, but it can also be a source of new symptoms if misused, as per Freud's theory.
• 😀 Freud sees the effort of will to remove a symptom as paradoxical because it leads to anxiety and paralysis, making behavior management more difficult.
• 😀 A common cause of personal struggles is an incorrectly posed question about one's direction in life, which leads to self-generated obstacles.
• 😀 A volitional action must offer a real choice, such as 'to be or not to be', for it to be meaningful and result in growth.
• 😀 An incorrectly posed personal question, like Raskolnikov's, leads to a lack of choice and personal collapse, rather than clarity or resolution.
• 😀 Raskolnikov’s famous question 'Am I a trembling creature or do I have rights?' is a prime example of an improperly framed personal question.
• 😀 The confusion between roles during adolescence often leads to 'role confusion', which can contribute to misguided decisions and personal crises.
• 😀 In Raskolnikov's case, his personal and biological meanings got mixed up, causing him to approach the concept of truth through the lens of benefit and harm.
• 😀 Cultural values can be undermined when fundamental questions are posed incorrectly, like debating the utility of Shakespeare over his true cultural value.
• 😀 The distinction between biological, social, and personal meanings (as outlined by Leontiev) is key in understanding the confusion in decision-making processes.
• 😀 The transition to an autotelic state—where actions become self-serving and free from external obstacles—marks a positive resolution to personal struggles.

Q & A

What is the central focus of the transition from behavior therapy to therapy of causes?

The transition focuses on addressing situations where a person makes efforts but either fails to achieve results or experiences negative outcomes, which leads to the exploration of the deeper causes behind these behaviors.

How does Freud view the concept of will in relation to personality development?

Freud views will as a painful effort that often leads to the creation of new symptoms. He believes that trying to relieve symptoms through an act of will, such as repression or suppression, can cause anxiety and result in further paralysis, exacerbating the problem.

What is the key difference between Freud's and James's views on will?

James sees will as a central concept for personality development, while Freud sees it as a painful effort that ultimately contributes to the creation of new symptoms and anxiety.

What does the incorrect posing of a personal question lead to in the context of therapy?

An incorrectly posed personal question leads to a lack of real choice, which can create psychological confusion and difficulty in making decisions, as seen in the case of Raskolnikov from Dostoevsky's 'Crime and Punishment'.

How does Raskolnikov's famous question 'Am I a trembling creature or do I have rights?' illustrate the consequences of an incorrectly posed personal question?

This question illustrates that Raskolnikov's dilemma lacks a real choice, as he fails to see the full scope of his moral and psychological alternatives. This leads to his eventual collapse and the unraveling of his personal identity.

What psychological issue does Raskolnikov experience, according to the speaker?

Raskolnikov experiences a confusion of meanings, where biological and personal meanings become mixed up. He evaluates right and wrong based on benefit and harm rather than true and false, leading to moral confusion and self-destructive behavior.

What is the 'confusion of meanings' in the context of Raskolnikov's character?

The confusion of meanings refers to the mixing of biological (benefit or harm) and personal (true or false) meanings. This leads Raskolnikov to perceive his moral decisions through a lens of practicality and utility rather than ethical truth.

What is the role of social roles and role confusion in adolescence, and how does it relate to Raskolnikov?

In adolescence, role confusion occurs when an individual struggles to define their social identity and adapt their behavior accordingly. Raskolnikov's confusion of roles is evident in his failure to align his personal values with his actions, leading to a breakdown in his moral framework.

How does the speaker suggest therapy should approach the issue of incorrect personal questions?

The speaker suggests that therapy should help individuals reflect on the underlying motives and causes driving their behavior, encouraging them to pose more accurate personal questions that offer real alternatives and pathways for self-understanding.

What does the speaker mean by 'autotelic' states in relation to personal growth?

Autotelic states are those where a person is intrinsically motivated, and the action becomes self-sustaining and purposeful. In such states, there are no obstacles to achieving one's goals because the individual has a clear understanding of their internal motives.