How to UPGRADE iPad note taking (with Science)

Summary

In this educational video, Dr. Justin Sun, a learning coach, shares his expertise on how to use an iPad for effective note-taking based on cognitive science. He critiques common linear note-taking methods and advocates for a nonlinear approach that fosters deeper understanding and retention. Sun demonstrates how to create interconnected notes that reveal knowledge gaps and enhance learning efficiency, ultimately transforming the way one studies and retains information.

Takeaways

• 📚 The speaker emphasizes the importance of taking notes on an iPad in a nonlinear, cognitively effective way to enhance learning and retention.
• 🏆 Dr. Justin Sun, a learning coach, shares his expertise in evidence-based learning science to help viewers achieve top academic performance with less study time.
• 🔍 The script critiques common note-taking methods, such as linear note-taking and annotating, which are deemed inefficient and superficial.
• 🌐 It highlights the nonlinear structure of knowledge and the need to reconstruct linear teaching content into a network of expertise for deeper understanding.
• 🎨 The speaker demonstrates the process of transforming linear notes into a more effective, interconnected, and simplified nonlinear format.
• 📉 Research is cited to show that notes with higher word counts are associated with worse performance, advocating for concise and meaningful note-taking.
• 🤔 Nonlinear note-taking encourages higher-order learning by prompting the learner to constantly find relationships and create groups, fostering better retention and understanding.
• 🖌️ The use of an iPad with an infinite canvas, like the Concepts app or Apple's freeform, allows for limitless note expansion, unconfined by physical paper boundaries.
• 🔑 The script identifies 'wheel and spokes' as a common issue in nonlinear note-taking where information radiates from a central point without deeper processing or relationship mapping.
• 🚀 Nonlinear note-taking can visually reveal knowledge gaps and weaknesses, allowing for immediate identification and curiosity-driven learning.
• 🌟 Investing time in learning efficient note-taking skills pays off by saving time in the long run, improving understanding, and reducing the need for repetitive learning.

Q & A

Who is the speaker in the video and what is his background?

The speaker is Dr. Justin Sun, a learning coach and the head of learning at IEN Study. He has helped thousands of learners from around the world learn more efficiently over the last decade.

What is the main topic of the video?

The main topic of the video is how to use an iPad to write notes in the most cognitively effective way possible based on evidence-based learning science.

Why does the speaker believe linear note-taking is ineffective?

The speaker believes linear note-taking is ineffective because it does not represent the non-linear nature of true knowledge and expertise, making it hard to remember and understand the material.

What does the speaker suggest as a better alternative to linear note-taking?

The speaker suggests using non-linear note-taking methods, which involve creating relationships and networks between pieces of information, thus enhancing memory and understanding.

What are some problems with traditional note-taking on paper, according to the speaker?

Traditional note-taking on paper is limited by the size of the paper, which restricts the scope and type of connections that can be formed, leading to an incomplete representation of ideas.

What benefits does the speaker highlight about using an iPad for note-taking?

The speaker highlights that using an iPad for note-taking provides an infinite canvas, allowing for unlimited space to create connections and relationships between pieces of information.

What is the 'wheel and spokes problem' mentioned by the speaker?

The 'wheel and spokes problem' refers to a note-taking method where all information is centered around a single topic with branches extending out, which fails to represent the interconnections between different pieces of information.

How does non-linear note-taking help in identifying knowledge gaps?

Non-linear note-taking helps in identifying knowledge gaps because it requires conscious decision-making about how to represent information, making it easier to spot areas of weakness as you construct the notes.

Why does the speaker criticize annotating and highlighting in traditional notes?

The speaker criticizes annotating and highlighting because it involves minimal processing of information, leading to shallow learning and poor retention.

What does the speaker recommend for effective learning using an iPad?

The speaker recommends using apps like Concepts or Apple’s Freeform, which provide an infinite canvas for non-linear note-taking, helping to better organize and understand information.

What is the purpose of the speaker’s program at IEN Study?

The purpose of the speaker’s program at IEN Study is to provide a guided, step-by-step approach to efficient learning, helping learners improve their skills in the fastest and easiest way possible.

What does the speaker say about the relationship between word count in notes and academic performance?

The speaker says that notes with higher word counts are associated with worse performance and grades because it indicates less processing and understanding of the information.

Outlines

00:00

🌳 Best Practices for Effective Note-Taking on iPad

Dr. Justin Sun shares his experience of using an iPad for note-taking, which helped him achieve top marks while spending less time studying. He emphasizes that effective note-taking involves more than just writing on a tablet; it requires understanding how to use the iPad in a way that enhances cognitive processes. He introduces the concept of linear versus nonlinear note-taking and highlights common mistakes that can hinder learning efficiency.

05:01

📖 Benefits of Nonlinear Note-Taking

Dr. Sun contrasts his old, linear note-taking method with his current, nonlinear approach. He explains that linear notes, which are often isolated and wordy, do not effectively represent the interconnected nature of true knowledge. In contrast, nonlinear notes help create a network of ideas, improving understanding and retention. Dr. Sun shares examples from his own academic journey to illustrate the advantages of nonlinear note-taking.

10:01

🖋️ Overcoming the Limitations of Physical Paper

The limitations of paper-based note-taking are highlighted, particularly the restricted space which can impede the expression of complex ideas and relationships. Dr. Sun explains how using an iPad with an app that offers an infinite canvas, like Concepts or Apple’s Freeform, can overcome these limitations. He reflects on his own experiences of annotating course guides and lecture slides, showing how traditional methods can fall short in processing and understanding information deeply.

15:04

💡 Enhancing Note-Taking with iPad Apps

Dr. Sun critiques common note-taking practices on the iPad that simply replicate traditional paper methods, failing to leverage the iPad’s full potential. He discusses how many educational apps are designed more for visual appeal than for effective learning. Dr. Sun provides examples of ineffective iPad note-taking styles, emphasizing the need for deeper cognitive processing and nonlinear structuring to enhance learning and memory.

20:05

📚 The Long-Term Value of Efficient Learning

In the final section, Dr. Sun reinforces the importance of investing time in developing effective note-taking skills, emphasizing that the benefits extend far beyond immediate academic success. He encourages viewers to consider the long-term advantages of becoming skilled at learning and notes that the effort invested today will pay off in the future. He also invites viewers to explore more about efficient learning through his educational program and YouTube content.

Keywords

💡Note-taking

Note-taking refers to the process of recording information from various sources. In the video, it is highlighted as a crucial skill for effective learning, particularly emphasizing nonlinear note-taking methods on an iPad to enhance cognitive processing and retention.

💡Linear Notes

Linear notes are a traditional note-taking method where information is recorded in a straight, sequential manner. The video criticizes this method for its inefficiency in helping with memory and understanding, as it fails to represent the interconnected nature of true knowledge.

💡Nonlinear Notes

Nonlinear notes involve recording information in a way that highlights relationships and connections between concepts. The video advocates for this method, particularly when using an iPad, as it better supports the brain's ability to create and retain complex knowledge networks.

💡iPad

The iPad is a tablet device from Apple, used in the video to demonstrate advanced note-taking techniques. It is praised for its infinite canvas feature, which allows for more flexible and effective note organization compared to traditional paper.

💡Cognitive Effectiveness

Cognitive effectiveness refers to the efficiency with which learning activities lead to understanding and retention. The video focuses on how iPad-based note-taking can enhance cognitive effectiveness through better organization and visualization of information.

💡Learning Science

Learning science is the study of how people learn and how to improve learning processes. The video bases its note-taking recommendations on evidence from learning science, aiming to make the process more effective and efficient.

💡Higher-order Learning

Higher-order learning involves deep understanding and the ability to apply knowledge in various contexts. The video explains how nonlinear note-taking on an iPad promotes higher-order learning by encouraging the recognition of relationships and connections between concepts.

💡Infinite Canvas

The infinite canvas is a feature in certain iPad apps that allows users to create notes without the limitations of a fixed page size. This concept is central to the video’s argument that iPad-based note-taking can help learners better organize and connect information.

💡Concepts App

Concepts is an app used for digital note-taking, mentioned in the video as a tool that supports nonlinear note-taking with its infinite canvas feature. It is recommended for creating detailed and organized notes that enhance learning efficiency.

💡Priming

Priming is the process of preparing oneself for new information by reviewing related material beforehand. The video emphasizes the importance of priming as a way to reduce overwhelm during lectures and improve the quality of note-taking and understanding.

Highlights

The speaker has achieved top ranking in their cohort by using an iPad for note-taking in a cognitively effective way.

Dr. Justin Sun introduces himself as a learning coach and head of learning at ien study, with a decade of experience in helping learners worldwide.

Note-taking is often not properly taught, and learning to do it right can significantly improve learning efficiency.

The speaker's old linear notes from 10 years ago were ineffective for memory and understanding, highlighting the need for non-linear note-taking.

Linear note-taking is time-consuming and does not support the formation of a network of expertise.

Non-linear note-taking allows for better representation of knowledge relationships and deeper understanding.

Higher-order learning involves focusing on meaning, connections, and importance, which is more effective for retention.

Research indicates that notes with fewer words are associated with better performance and grades.

Non-linear note-taking can visually represent knowledge gaps and weaknesses, allowing for immediate identification and curiosity.

The speaker achieved a perfect score in a paper using non-linear notes, demonstrating the method's effectiveness.

An iPad with an infinite canvas app, like Concepts or Apple's freeform, eliminates the limitations of physical paper size in note-taking.

Many learning apps replicate paper note-taking patterns without considering learning science, which can be inefficient.

Annotating and highlighting without deep processing does not contribute to learning efficiency.

The speaker criticizes the lack of adaptation in learning apps to support evidence-based learning methods.

Non-linear note-taking on an iPad can help develop a more connected and simplified understanding of complex topics.

The speaker emphasizes the importance of investing time in learning skills for lifelong benefits.

The video concludes with an invitation to explore efficient learning techniques further through a provided playlist.

Transcripts

I am a tree's best friend because for

the last 12 years I've been taking notes

almost exclusively on my tablet there's

nothing special about that there's lots

of people that take notes on their

tablet but the way that I write notes

has allowed me to achieve the top

ranking Mark in my cohort while spending

a fraction of the time studying compared

to everyone else in this video I'm going

to go through how to use an iPad to

write notes in the most cognitively

effective way possible based on real

evidence-based learning science and the

way that a lot of people write notes

using an iPad that actually cripples the

iPad's ability to help you if you are

new to this channel welcome I'm Dr

Justin Sun I'm a learning coach and the

head of learning at ien study for the

last decade I've helped thousands of

Learners from around the world learn

more efficiently during that time I have

spoken and lectured at universities and

for corporates all around the world and

note taking is consistently something

that is almost never properly taught and

learning to do it right can make a huge

difference before we jump into it I'd

appreciate if you give this video a like

every like helps to push this video out

to more people so that I can keep making

more content for free for starters let's

look at some really absolutely atrocious

note taking without using an iPad and

I'll explain exactly what's wrong with

it by recognizing what's bad then you

can see how an iPad could potentially

help you as well as how you could also

just make the exact same mistakes on an

iPad so here's an example of some notes

that I think I just absolute

garbage the person writing these notes

obviously had no idea what they were

doing they probably spent all their time

studying and had no

life I mean very very wordy look at

that this person was I can guarantee an

absolute loser how do I know this

because these are my notes from 10 years

ago and I can tell you that that is

completely true this is back in the time

when I was trying to enter into medical

school and I was just like a clueless

amoeba about learning I knew absolutely

nothing uh and I miraculously ended up

getting into medical school so what is

actually wrong with these types of notes

so first of all as you can see it is

very linear I've talked about this a lot

of my other videos but linear note

taking just does not work it takes a lot

of time you write a lot and it's just

not very good for memory and

understanding I've got some pictures and

I've got some drawings here and there

but overall it's very isolated

everything is just you know again fairly

linear and the reason is that true

knowledge is not linear true expertise

is not linear for example back when I

was a doctor not that I was really

actually an expert but I would be able

to use my knowledge in lots of different

ways for example if someone came in with

a headache I knew how to think about

that I knew what questions to ask what

information I needed what pieces were

missing and I knew the importance of

that new piece of information if they

said they had a headache but they also

had you know dizziness I knew how to

relate those things together and form a

conclusion however when an expert has to

teach something that knowledge has to

become linear because there is no other

way to teach that knowledge you can't

read multiple sentences at the same time

you can't hear multiple lines being

spoken at the same time the human brain

needs to have sensory information one at

a time so linearity is a necessary evil

of all teaching and learning even if I

showed you a map of a topic that looks

very nonlinear if you looked at it you

wouldn't actually know where to start

you still need to have someone point out

you know where things go you know it

would be too hard to follow but the

important thing is that even though

teaching and learning has to be linear

you as a learner have to reconstruct

that knowledge into the nonlinear

network of expertise rather than just

trying to commit the imperfect linear

version and with linear note taking it

is very very hard to represent a network

and relationships as a quick example

here is a nonlinear set of notes for

some of the basic principles of learning

science and then here is the exact same

amount of data and relationships

actually not even all of the

relationships expressed through just

words you can see that one is a clean

and organized nice structure and then

the other one is like trying to decipher

the matrix by looking at that green wall

of code on the monitor you can see how

much more memorable the nonlinear

version is especially for me since I'm

the one that had to think about how to

actually represent it so it makes more

sense for me the Creator than for you

who is just seeing the final product and

that example is just working with a few

Concepts and not even going that in

depth as another example this is a set

of notes that I did for part of my

masters of education it's literally

hundreds of pages worth of textbook and

journal articles and it was enough for

me to get 100% in my paper in fact I was

the first person to ever get 100% in

that paper and it might seem

unbelievable but there is actually a lot

of very intricate Nuance packed into the

arrangement of those notes so as soon as

I start to think nonlinearly a lot of

things change about how I process the

information instead of focusing on just

getting the information down I'm now

focusing on what does it mean how does

it connect how does it relate to what

I've already got where do I place it how

important is it this is called higher

order learning and it directly

translates into better retention and

deeper understanding just as another

example here is this exact page or two

pages of notes from 10 years ago that

I'm redoing nonlinearly so that you can

see the difference the main processes

I'm using during this are to constantly

look for relationships const constantly

create groups based on those

relationships and then constantly try to

create relationships between the groups

and at all times I'm thinking about how

each thing relates to the big picture

and how I could express all of this as

simply as possible interestingly while I

was doing this I found that actually my

linear notes were so superficial that I

had to end up just Googling things

because it wasn't really allowing me to

figure things out and that just goes to

show how shallow my learning was even

though I thought I was being incredibly

detailed really I was just writing a lot

of words to try to represent how it all

fits together while also at the same

time wasting a lot of time just writing

things down without even properly

fitting it all together in the end so

it's kind of a lose lose situation I had

to Google a lot of things to figure out

how it all fits together you can see as

I do this things are generally getting

missier and missier and there's more

relationships form me you can see I'm

constant zooming in and out between

different things see how it all fits

together and then after that I clean it

up to make it simpler the good thing

about doing it this way is that we can

see all the different relationships that

need to be expressed and then I can go

through and clean it up instead of

trying to figure out everything mentally

which is going to be overloading and

this is the right way to use note taking

it helps our brain think about the

connections it helps it simplify the

information down it does take some more

thinking and practice but it is well

worth the investment because trust me

after doing this the level of confidence

I felt with this page of information is

way higher than when I first made this

honestly I'm kind of amazed that I even

managed to get an A+ with the level of

detail that I had on these linear notes

like it was so superficial I also felt a

lot more curious about it and I can tell

that the information is just stuck a lot

more strongly In My Memory whereas

before it used to feel like the

information is slipping away almost as

soon as I'd finished writing the notes

but that is not all another thing that

you can see is that I've massively cut

down on how wordy it is research

actually says that notes that have

higher word counts are associated with

worse performance and grades this is not

because words are evil it's because

having more words usually means you were

thinking and processing the information

less which means less learning and a lot

of people say that I'll write my notes

first and then I'll do all of this

thinking and connecting and everything

later but if all of the meaningful

learning is being done later then you're

probably going to run out of time and

it's also just unnecessary extra work

for yourself in addition one of the

other really awesome things about

nonlinear note taking is that you can

express a lot with just the arrangement

and the arrows and the spacing on a page

like you know those times where you're

trying to explain something to someone

and you're explaining it and then you're

just like ah forget it let me just show

you instead it's kind of like the same

thing with note taking it's usually

better to show rather than explain with

like an extra couple hundred words for

example if you look at the screen you

can see that in the beginning I had this

like big loopy Arrow going like this

this one here that big loopy arrow and

initially I was thinking well where am I

meant to put that how do I express it

and so I had to make a decision to turn

that Arrow into this one right here you

can see that it's a lot cleaner now I

had to think about where to place that

and that's the same for each of these

arrows I had to think where do I want to

put all of these elements and where do I

want to put all of these arrows to be

able to express that relationship in a

way that I think makes sense and is

quite clean like for example I broke up

this part into two this actually used to

originally be up here like this a single

flow but I thought that it would make

more sense to split it up into two and I

actually still agree with that and

obviously in the linear notes it looked

nothing like this it just looked like

this which really doesn't Express

anything and you can see that this

involves a lot more thinking and

processing of the information than even

par paraphrasing or summarizing but that

is not all of the problems because uh

there's one more final issue which is

that when you write linear notes on

physical paper you're limited by the

size of the actual paper so this is a

good example where all the stuff on this

page and on this page are related

they're in the same topic there are

really important relationships between

this and with the stuff on the other

Pages too but trying to express all that

on paper is very limiting even when

people are doing nonlinear notes on

paper a lot of the time I'll see

students writing these nonlinear notes

but because you're using paper the scope

and type of connections that they're

forming are just limited by how much

they could fit on that page so their

learning is really dictated by how much

they can fit on an A4 piece of paper

rather than a authentic genuine

representation of the ideas if this

happens then we are essentially

artificially cutting off and killing

important connections relationships that

could help us develop a deeper

understanding that's why an iPad is so

useful because you can have a app on

there with Infinite Canvas and your page

never ends there are no

edges ever FYI I use an app called

Concepts and a lot of the students on

our program use Concepts as well however

Apple has also recently released free

form which comes bundled with every iPad

and that works pretty much just as well

okay let's keep the roast fest going

let's have a look at some of the other

notes that I have written and explain

also why they are garbage so these are

some of the notes in my course guide and

you can see I'm doing a lot of like

annotating a lot of highlighting yeah I

mean like I've got like a whole other

set of notes just like written on my

course

guide and you know I used to do this on

lecture slides as well this is also

pretty bad again because I'm not really

doing any thinking I'm not really

processing the information at all I'm

just dumping it on the page if I'm in a

lecture that is just going way too fast

and I'm going overwhelmed and I know I'm

just not able to keep up and process as

I go then it's sometimes fine I know

that when I wrote These this was not

even during a lecture like this was in

my self study there was no time pressure

really like I didn't have to do this but

you know the ones that I did on my

lecture slides usually I was struggling

to keep up during the lecture so I was

just documenting it down and that can be

acceptable but if afterwards the way

you're consolidating that is to just

turn all of those into linear notes

again then we're just running into the

exact same problems that I already

explained ideally to avoid that

situation we should have done some

pre-study first and created a skeleton

overall big picture frame of the topic

so that when we're in the lecture we can

actually fill that in with more detail

and then afterwards in our self study we

can add more detail and clean that up a

little bit more add more detail clean it

up add more clean it up so on and so

forth this is why pre-study and priming

is one of the most important parts of

learning system because it can massively

reduce the amount of overwhelm that you

feel and if you want to learn more about

that then check out the video here so I

think based on that we can see why using

an iPad can be so effective however

there are some ways that people will use

an iPad that makes it basically the same

as just using paper and it frustrates me

a lot to see this because this stuff is

not cheap if you bought an iPad you

should use it to its full capacity and

make Steve Jobs proud or something so

let me go through the examples of how

people use an iPad in still the wrong

ways but before we jump in I'd like to

thank our sponsor me if you didn't

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about in this video and actually

everything I talk about in basically

every other video that I've ever made is

already in our guided stepbystep program

at iin study.com I'm not gatekeeping the

secrets to efficiency here I'm still

going to be producing content for free

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reality of YouTube it also allows you to

do the very critical thing of asking

questions and then getting feedback on

your work I have poured countless hours

into putting everything that I know that

I've learned over the last decade of

becoming a hyper efficient learner

myself and more importantly training

other people to replicate that kind of

success if you are really serious about

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then I'd strongly recommend checking out

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tons of reviews feel free to read them

if you like but anyway back to the video

so a major problem of a lot of the

learning apps that are available is that

they are made by software developers not

learning experts what they're doing is

they're basically replicating the same

note taking patterns and behaviors and

Norms that people use with paper and

then just converting that to the iPad

and I have had a lot of discussions with

some of these huge mega app developers

and they are not willing to change their

app to support learning science because

it's just not a good business move it

takes a lot to try to educate someone to

change their norms and habits on note

taking just to get them to use your app

and that's just not going to be a good

sales strategy so I completely

understand why they are that reluctant

but as a learner that just means that

you have to understand that using an app

that is marketed for Learning and using

it as designed does not necessarily mean

that you are actually going to be

learning efficiently so anyway here are

some examples of some iPad note taking

that I think can be improved so see if

you can spot what the issue is you can

pause the video if you like try to

figure it out yourself first one is this

style of note taking we've got a picture

copied in we've got some notes on the

side sometimes you've got lots of

annotating it looks beautiful but I do

have serious doubts about how efficient

it is what is the problem here pause if

you want to think about it here's some

other examples of basically the same

thing yep the problem is exactly the

same as everything I just explained

before about annotating and and linear

note taking there isn't a whole lot of

deep processing it's really just simple

paraphrasing and summarizing there's no

nit works it's very isolated the copying

in images looks nice the pictures but

again copy paste is literally the lowest

form of processing that you can do yes

it's easier than trying to draw it or

represent the most important parts of it

for yourself but it doesn't actually

make it very memorable so yes it's easy

but it's also not that useful okay here

has a better one uh but what is the

problem here yes it's the limited page

size so as a result the notes are still

actually pretty linear there are some

networks on this but the networks are

really small and really isolated so

again it's not like how real expertise

should be built and structured all right

final one what is the problem

here this is a bit trickier it isn't

very linear and the person isn't limited

by Page size but the person hasn't

process the information a lot because

you can see that it's all sort of just

coming off from the central branch which

means that the only thing that they

decided on was that everything is

related to this one group and everything

just branches out from that they haven't

really thought about how to simplify it

they haven't thought about how it could

be subgroup they haven't thought about

any other ways of grouping it you know

they haven't thought about how each of

the branches relate to each other for

those of you that are on our program at

I can study you'll notice that this is

the famous wheel and spokes problem so

once you can start writing notes

nonlinearly and doing the right kind of

thinking it just completely transforms

your note taking experience one of the

other major advantages is that it shows

you visually where your knowledge gaps

and weaknesses are what I mean is that

because each step of writing the notes

actually requires you to think about it

and process it and make a conscious

decision about how you want to express

it if you struggle with that then you

know that that is an area of weakness

and there's a knowledge Gap normally to

find these gaps with normal note taking

you might have to write your notes and

spend hours and hours and then weeks

later when you do a practice test and

you test yourself and thinking with that

same pathway you realize you struggle to

answer the question or you get it wrong

and that's how you discover the Gap by

doing this we can save literally weeks

worth of time and identify the gaps

immediately as you are putting them down

and as a side effect we're also becoming

more curious because we're finding the

Gap and then we're filling the Gap and

that's actually a very enjoyable

engaging experience as each Gap fills

our knowledge is actually becoming

fundamentally stronger and more

connected and so our expertise is

growing and then as we learn more it

gets easier and easier and simpler to

understand so even though it technically

takes longer to write your notes down

like literally because you actually have

to think about it as you write you're

saving time massively overall because a

you're actually having to write left l b

you're actually forgetting less C you're

understanding it more deeply in the

first place so you don't have to do as

many repetitions to try to get to that

depth which is better for your

confidence and anxiety D we're actually

finding knowledge gaps potentially weeks

earlier and E because it's helping us

develop these knowledge networks it

means that future content is faster and

easier to learn because we have existing

networks to build off and so by now you

might be thinking damn learning is not

as simple as I thought it was and the

answer is well yeah you're right it

takes time it is a legit skill but it is

time that is worth investing in it pays

you off lifelong what I always say is

that time is going to pass anyway and

months from now you're either going to

have the skill or you won't and if you

want to make the process of learning the

skill easier then I'd recommend checking

out our

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[Music]

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