Imbuhan | Bahasa Indonesia | Alternatifa

Summary

This video script introduces affixation and suffixes in language, explaining how affixes are added to root words to create new meanings. It covers different types of affixes based on their position in a word (prefix, suffix, infix, confix), as well as productive and non-productive affixes. The script also discusses affixes borrowed from foreign languages like Sanskrit, Arabic, and Western languages. Additionally, it highlights the rules and exceptions of affixation, including the KTSP law and how certain affixes interact with root words. The lesson provides examples and insights for understanding affixation in Indonesian language.

Takeaways

• 😀 Affixes are sounds added to base words, altering their meanings and helping to form new words or expressions in sentences.
• 😀 The word 'cleanliness' is an example of how affixes change a word's meaning by adding the prefix 'ke-' and suffix '-an' to 'clean'.
• 😀 There are four main types of affixes based on their position: prefixes (beginning), suffixes (end), infixes (middle), and confixes (beginning and end).
• 😀 The affix 'to' can act as a preposition when attached to nouns, but it functions as an affix when added to verbs or adjectives.
• 😀 Productive affixes are frequently used in language (e.g., 'wan' in 'historian'), while improductive affixes are rarely used (e.g., 'manda').
• 😀 Affixes in Indonesian can be borrowed from foreign languages, such as Sanskrit, Arabic, and Western languages. For example, 'wan' from Sanskrit and 'i' from Arabic.
• 😀 KTSP is a rule that explains how affixes fuse with base words. For example, the prefix 'me' causes 'pukul' to become 'dipukul' when combined.
• 😀 The KTSP melting rule only applies when the second letter of the base word is a vowel. It does not apply when the second letter is a consonant.
• 😀 There are exceptions to the KTSP melting rule, such as the word 'kajian,' where melting would alter the meaning and cause confusion.
• 😀 Some words, like 'memiliki,' do not follow the KTSP melting rule because they have become commonly used in the language, and their meaning would change if melted.

Q & A

What are affixes, and how do they impact the meaning of a word?

Affixes are sounds or elements added to a base word to change its meaning. They help construct new words or modify the meaning of existing ones, such as adding 'ke' and 'andi' to the word 'clean' to form 'cleanliness', which changes its meaning from the act of being clean to the state of being clean.

Can you explain the four types of affixes based on their position in a word?

Affixes can be classified into four types based on their position: prefixes (added at the beginning), suffixes (added at the end), infixes (inserted in the middle), and confixes (added at both the beginning and the end of the word).

How does the preposition 'to' function as both an affix and a separate word?

'To' can act as a preposition when it follows nouns, such as in 'to Jakarta' (indicating location), or as an affix when combined with verbs and adjectives, such as in 'taken' (verb) or 'dimarahi' (adjective).

What is the difference between productive and non-productive affixes?

Productive affixes are frequently used to form new words in the language, like 'wan' in 'historian' or 'statesman'. Non-productive (or introductive) affixes are rarely used in new words, such as 'manda' and 'we'.

Can you provide examples of affixes that originated from other languages?

Yes, affixes in Indonesian can originate from foreign languages. For example, from Sanskrit, 'wan' and 'wati' are used in words related to gender, and from Arabic, 'i', 'w', and 'in' are used in words like 'manusia' (human) and 'alami' (natural). Additionally, from Western languages, suffixes like 'all' and 'ika' are used in words like 'descriptive' and 'formal'.

What is the KTSP rule in affixation, and how does it impact word formation?

The KTSP rule explains how the basic structure of a word changes when affixes are added. This rule affects how certain letters in base words may 'melt' or disappear when combined with prefixes, especially with certain vowels and consonants in the base word.

Under the KTSP rule, when does 'melting' occur, and when does it not?

'Melting' happens when the second letter of the base word (starting with KTSP) is a vowel. If it's a consonant, 'melting' does not occur. For example, 'pukul' becomes 'dipukul' but 'praktek' does not change because its second letter is a consonant.

What happens when two affixes are added to a base word at the same time?

When two affixes are added simultaneously, there is no melting. For instance, the word 'hati' can combine with 'me' and 'pe' to form 'memperhatikan' (to pay attention) without melting.

Are there any exceptions to the KTSP affixation rules?

Yes, there are exceptions. For example, the word 'kajian' (study) should theoretically follow the KTSP rule and melt, but it doesn't, as the melting would alter its meaning from 'kajian' (study) to 'mengaji' (to recite). Additionally, common words like 'memiliki' don't follow the KTSP rule.

What role does the affix 'di' play in words like 'diambil' or 'dimarahi'?

The affix 'di' is commonly used in passive constructions, indicating that the subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action. For example, 'diambil' means 'taken' and 'dimarahi' means 'scolded', both showing the passive voice.