Mereka yang disebut tunanetra| Hambatan Penglihatan | Low vision and blind

Summary

In this informative talk, Safarudin from Universitas Negeri Padang discusses visual impairments, particularly blindness. He explains the difference between blindness and wearing glasses, outlining the causes of blindness both before and after birth, such as prenatal conditions and postnatal accidents. The speaker highlights key characteristics of blindness, including the use of canes and sunglasses, as well as learning aids like Braille and magnifying glasses. Additionally, modern technological tools like screen readers help individuals with visual impairments access information. The session concludes with an invitation for questions and feedback.

Takeaways

• 😀 Premature babies are at a high risk of visual impairments due to underdeveloped body organs.
• 😀 People who wear glasses are not considered blind, as glasses help correct vision, whereas blind individuals have no or very limited vision.
• 😀 Blindness can be classified into two types: complete blindness with no vision and partial blindness with very limited vision requiring assistance.
• 😀 The causes of blindness can be prenatal (before birth) or postnatal (after birth), with factors like drug use, infections, accidents, or lack of oxygen affecting fetal development.
• 😀 Factors like prolonged labor, birth trauma, and head injuries after birth can lead to visual impairment or blindness in children.
• 😀 Accidents involving head injuries or foreign objects to the eye can cause blindness, in addition to conditions like cataracts and glaucoma.
• 😀 Premature infants are particularly vulnerable to visual problems, as their visual organs are not fully matured.
• 😀 Common signs of blindness include wearing sunglasses, using a cane, and difficulty seeing objects at normal distances.
• 😀 Children with visual impairments often need aids like magnifying glasses, braille, and stylus pens to assist with reading and writing.
• 😀 Technological advancements like screen readers help blind individuals access information from books and other written materials.
• 😀 Braille is an essential tool for blind individuals, and special tools like a stylus and reglet are used to create braille writing.

Q & A

What are some causes of visual impairment before birth?

Visual impairments before birth (prenatal causes) can occur due to factors such as falling during pregnancy, the use of certain drugs with side effects on the fetus, maternal health issues, exposure to cigarette smoke, or viral infections that affect the child while still in the womb.

What are the causes of visual impairment after birth?

Postnatal causes of visual impairment include complications during childbirth such as prolonged labor or the use of labor-assisting tools like a vacuum. Additionally, accidents, head trauma affecting the optic nerve, and conditions like cataracts and glaucoma can lead to visual impairment.

How does prematurity affect a child's vision?

Premature babies are particularly susceptible to visual problems because their body organs, including the eyes, are not fully developed at birth. This can lead to long-term visual impairments.

How can you identify if someone is blind?

Blindness is often identified by physical characteristics such as the use of a cane or sunglasses, irregular eye movements, and a lack of eye response (such as no visible pupil reaction). Visually impaired individuals may also exhibit behaviors like needing to view objects at a very close range.

What is the difference between total blindness and partial blindness?

Total blindness refers to individuals who have no remaining vision or only light perception, while partial blindness refers to those with limited vision who still require assistance, such as magnifying glasses, to perform daily tasks.

What tools are typically used by visually impaired individuals for learning?

Visually impaired individuals may use tools such as Braille, stylus pens, and magnifying glasses to assist in their learning process. They may also benefit from technological aids like screen readers that convert text into sound, allowing them to access normal books and materials.

How does the use of a magnifying glass help visually impaired individuals?

A magnifying glass helps visually impaired individuals see smaller text or images that are otherwise difficult to perceive with the naked eye. It enhances their ability to read and perform tasks that require detailed vision.

What is Braille and how is it used?

Braille is a tactile writing system used by individuals who are blind or visually impaired. It involves raised dots arranged in patterns to represent letters and words, which can be read by touch. Braille is commonly used in education, books, and signage.

What role do voice recordings play in assisting visually impaired individuals?

Voice recordings help visually impaired individuals by allowing them to listen to lessons or other materials. This aids in learning and provides access to information that would otherwise be inaccessible to them in visual formats.

What technological tools are available to assist visually impaired individuals in their learning?

Technological tools such as screen readers, which convert text into speech, are available to help visually impaired individuals access written content. These tools allow them to interact with normal texts, whether for academic, personal, or professional purposes.