Kerajan Islam di Indonesia (Bagian 2) / Kelas X / Kurikulum Merdeka

Summary

This video explores the rich history of Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, focusing on the Mataram Islam, Goa Talo, and Ternate Tidore regions. It highlights significant historical figures such as Sultan Agung, Sultan Hasanuddin, and Sultan Kirun, discussing their struggles against colonial forces like the VOC. The video covers the expansion, division, and eventual decline of the Mataram kingdom, the VOC's divide and conquer tactics, and the rise of Sultan Hasanuddin as the 'Prince of the Rooster from the East.' Additionally, it examines the spice trade and colonial conflicts between Portugal and Spain in the Maluku Islands.

Takeaways

• 😀 Mataram Islam Kingdom was founded by Senopati (Sutawijaya) around the late 16th century in Yogyakarta and Surakarta.
• 😀 Sultan Agung of Mataram made multiple attempts to resist the VOC's expansion in Batavia, though his efforts initially failed due to food shortages and the VOC burning supplies.
• 😀 The collapse of the Mataram Kingdom began under Amangkurat I, who collaborated with the VOC, contributing to its decline.
• 😀 The Gianti Agreement split the Mataram Kingdom into the Ngayogyakarta Sultanate and the Surakarta Kingdom.
• 😀 Surakarta later split into two kingdoms, Mangkunegaran and Paku Alam, through the Salatiga Agreement.
• 😀 Goa Talo, located in Makassar, was a significant trade route in the 16th century, attracting foreign powers like the VOC.
• 😀 Sultan Hasanuddin of Makassar, known as the 'Prince of Rooster from the East', rejected VOC control over the region, which led to conflicts.
• 😀 The VOC applied divide-and-conquer tactics to weaken Sultan Hasanuddin, which ultimately led to the Bungaya Agreement and the VOC's monopoly over Makassar.
• 😀 The Ternate and Tidore kingdoms, located in the Maluku Islands, were strategic for spice trade in the 15th century and were controlled by Portugal and Spain respectively.
• 😀 Ternate and Tidore kingdoms competed for trade dominance, with Sultan Hairun of Ternate and Sultan Baabullah of Tidore uniting to expel the Portuguese and achieve independence.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?

The video focuses on the history of several Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, particularly the Mataram Islam kingdom, the Goatalo kingdom, and the Ternate-Tidore region, along with their interactions with European powers like the VOC.

Which are the key heritage sites in Yogyakarta and Surakarta related to Mataram Islam?

Key heritage sites include the Kota Gede Mosque, the Kauman Grand Mosque, the Surakarta Grand Mosque, the Surakarta Kasunanan Palace, the Yogyakarta Sultanate Palace, and Tamansari.

Who was the last king of Mataram Islam and what is his significance?

The last king of Mataram Islam was Sultan Agung, who expanded the territory significantly. He is known for his resistance against the VOC, although his efforts ultimately failed due to supply shortages and burned food reserves.

What were the consequences of Sultan Agung's resistance against the VOC?

Sultan Agung's resistance failed twice—first due to lack of food supplies and second due to the burning of food reserves by the VOC. This led to the eventual division of the Mataram Islam kingdom following the Gianti Agreement.

How did the VOC divide the Mataram Islam kingdom?

The Mataram Islam kingdom was divided into two parts through the Gianti Agreement: the Ngayogyakarta Sultanate, led by Hamengkubuwono, and the Surakarta kingdom, led by Pakubuwono.

What was the significance of the Salatiga Agreement?

The Salatiga Agreement further divided the Surakarta kingdom into two regions: Mangkunegaran and Pakualaman.

What was the role of Makassar in global trade during the 16th century?

Makassar was a significant global trade route in the 16th century, attracting many foreign nations, including the VOC, who wanted to control the profitable trade in the region.

Why did Sultan Hasanuddin of Makassar refuse the VOC's trade presence?

Sultan Hasanuddin refused the VOC's trade presence because he did not want the VOC to dominate trade in Makassar, considering it a vital region for Indonesia.

What is the meaning behind the title 'Prince of Rooster from the East' given to Sultan Hasanuddin?

The title 'Prince of Rooster from the East' was given to Sultan Hasanuddin due to his strong resistance against the VOC and his role in defending Makassar's independence. The 'East' refers to Makassar's location in eastern Indonesia.

How did the VOC manage to defeat Sultan Hasanuddin?

The VOC managed to defeat Sultan Hasanuddin by implementing divide and conquer tactics, collaborating with Arupalaka, the King of Bone, which led to the Bungaya Agreement and Makassar's submission to VOC control.

What was the outcome of the Bungaya Agreement?

The Bungaya Agreement resulted in Makassar recognizing the VOC monopoly, paying war reparations, and recognizing Arupalaka as the King of Bone. Foreigners, except the VOC, were excluded from trading in Makassar, and all forts were destroyed except for Fort Rotterdam.

What role did the Portuguese and Spanish play in the Maluku Islands during the 15th century?

The Portuguese controlled Ternate, and the Spanish controlled Tidore in the Maluku Islands. These regions were important for spice trade, and both European powers sought dominance in the area, despite the Tordesillas Treaty dividing the region between them.

How did Sultan Kirun of Ternate and Sultan Baabullah of Tidore oppose foreign control?

Sultan Kirun of Ternate and Sultan Baabullah of Tidore united to resist Portuguese control, even though Ternate was under Portuguese and Tidore under Spanish control. Their joint efforts eventually led to the expulsion of the Portuguese from the region.

Who was Sultan Nuku, and what was his contribution to the unification of Ternate and Tidore?

Sultan Nuku played a pivotal role in uniting Ternate and Tidore, expelling the Portuguese, and ensuring that both kingdoms regained their independence. His efforts led to the eventual unity of the two regions under local control.