IPS Kelas 7 Semester 2- Kerajaan-Kerajaan Islam di Indonesia Part 2

Summary

This educational video explores the history of various Islamic Sultanates in Indonesia. It covers the formation, key rulers, and eventual declines of the Sultanates of Makassar, Mataram, Ternate and Tidore, and Banjar. The script delves into the impact of trade, the influence of European powers like the Dutch and Portuguese, and the cultural legacy left by these kingdoms. The video highlights significant events, such as the betrayal in Makassar and the division of Mataram, providing a thorough overview of Indonesia’s rich historical landscape during the Islamic Sultanate era.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Makassar Sultanate, initially the Gowa-Tallo Kingdom, was formed when the Kingdom of Gowa and Tallo merged under the leadership of Raja Gowa.
• 😀 Sultan Hasanuddin of Makassar is known as the 'Rooster of the East' and is considered a key figure during the kingdom's golden age.
• 😀 The economic success of Makassar was largely due to its strategic position, serving as a trading hub between Malaya, Java, Maluku, and foreign lands.
• 😀 The Sultanate of Makassar eventually fell in 1660 after a war with the Kingdom of Bone, backed by the VOC (Dutch East India Company).
• 😀 The Mataram Sultanate, founded in 1575 in Central Java, thrived under Sultan Agung, who expanded its territory to parts of East Java, West Java, and Central Java.
• 😀 The economic focus of Mataram was agrarian, with significant production of rice, sugar, coconut, and cotton.
• 😀 The decline of Mataram occurred after internal political conflicts and the increasing influence of the VOC, leading to the division of the kingdom into the Yogyakarta and Surakarta sultanates.
• 😀 The Ternate and Tidore Sultanates in the Maluku Islands were important due to their strategic location for spice trade and the presence of four competing sultanates in the region.
• 😀 Ternate engaged in rivalry with Tidore, with both seeking the favor of European colonial powers, such as the Portuguese and Spanish, leading to the Saragosa Treaty in 1575.
• 😀 The Sultanate of Banjar in South Kalimantan was founded in the 16th century, and after defeating the Kingdom of Negara Daha, it became a strong center for Islamic learning and trade.

Q & A

What were the two kingdoms that merged to form the Sultanate of Makassar?

The Sultanate of Makassar was formed by the merger of the Gowa and Tallo kingdoms in South Sulawesi.

Who was the first famous ruler of the Sultanate of Makassar?

The first famous ruler of the Sultanate of Makassar was Sultan Hasanuddin, known as the 'Rooster of the East.'

What led to the decline of the Sultanate of Makassar?

The decline of the Sultanate of Makassar occurred after it lost the war against Bone, supported by the VOC, and signed the Bongaya Agreement, which resulted in a trade monopoly by the VOC.

Where was the Sultanate of Mataram located and when was it founded?

The Sultanate of Mataram was located in Central Java and was founded in 1575.

Who was the most notable ruler during the golden age of the Sultanate of Mataram?

Sultan Agung was the most notable ruler during the golden age of the Sultanate of Mataram, as he expanded the kingdom's territory to parts of East Java, Central Java, and West Java.

What event led to the division of the Sultanate of Mataram?

The division of the Sultanate of Mataram occurred after the reign of Sultan Amangkurat due to political conflicts, leading to the signing of the Giyanti Agreement in 1755, which split the kingdom into the Sultanates of Yogyakarta and Surakarta.

What were the main commodities produced in the Sultanate of Mataram?

The Sultanate of Mataram was known for its agricultural economy, producing commodities such as rice, sugar, coconut, cotton, and other crops.

Which two European nations were involved in the conflict over the Spice Islands (Maluku)?

The Portuguese and the Spanish were the two European nations involved in the conflict over the Spice Islands (Maluku), with Portugal aligning with Ternate and Spain aligning with Tidore.

What was the outcome of the conflict between Ternate and Tidore with the Portuguese and Spanish?

The conflict between Ternate, Tidore, and the European powers was resolved through the Saragosa Treaty, which required Spain to leave Maluku, allowing the Portuguese to dominate the region.

What significant event marked the liberation of Maluku from the Portuguese?

Maluku was liberated from the Portuguese in 1575 when Sultan Khairul of Ternate successfully led efforts to expel the Portuguese from the region.

How did the Sultanate of Banjar come to embrace Islam?

The Sultanate of Banjar embraced Islam after the Kingdom of Banjar, led by Raja Samudra, was assisted by the Sultanate of Demak to defeat the Kingdom of Nagara Daha, with Samudra and his people agreeing to convert to Islam as part of the alliance.

What factors led to the decline of the Sultanate of Banjar?

The decline of the Sultanate of Banjar occurred in 1857 when the Dutch intervened in the succession of the Sultan, weakening the kingdom's political stability.