Tiêu Điểm: Mất cân bằng giới tính của Việt Nam và hệ lụy | VTV24

Summary

This video discusses the significant gender imbalance in Vietnam, where the number of men is projected to surpass women by 1.38 million in 2026, exacerbating social and familial challenges. The root cause is the deep-seated preference for sons, which leads to harmful practices like sex-selective abortions and a shortage of marriageable women. This imbalance threatens societal structures, causing issues such as the rise in sex trafficking, illegal marriages, and strained family relationships. Efforts to promote gender equality and balance, particularly in rural areas, are explored, along with the importance of raising awareness to reverse these harmful trends.

Takeaways

• 😀 Vietnam is projected to have a surplus of 1.38 million men by 2026, due to gender imbalances at birth.
• 😀 The gender imbalance is a result of a long-standing cultural preference for sons, leading to skewed sex ratios at birth.
• 😀 In 1999, the sex ratio at birth in Vietnam was 107 boys for every 100 girls, and it has risen to 115 boys for every 100 girls in recent years.
• 😀 59 out of 63 provinces in Vietnam report higher-than-normal sex ratios, with some areas such as Sơn La and Hưng Yên seeing ratios as high as 120 boys for every 100 girls.
• 😀 The trend of preferring sons over daughters has led to various societal challenges, including delayed marriages and family structures being disrupted.
• 😀 Many rural families continue to have children until a son is born, while urban families increasingly resort to abortion to ensure a male child.
• 😀 Despite government efforts to regulate abortion practices, including the prohibition of gender-based abortion, cultural beliefs about sons remain deeply ingrained.
• 😀 Gender imbalances could lead to social instability, with increased cases of crime, sexual exploitation, and human trafficking as a result of the surplus of men.
• 😀 In some regions, men are forced to marry outside their local area due to the shortage of women, sometimes even going abroad to find wives.
• 😀 Local communities are beginning to embrace gender equality, with some families adhering to the two-child policy and prioritizing education and equal treatment for both sons and daughters.

Q & A

What is the projected gender imbalance in Vietnam in 34 years?

Vietnam is projected to have an excess of approximately 1.38 million men by 2026, which will increase to about 4 million by 2050. This imbalance is a result of a preference for male children.

How does Vietnam's sex ratio at birth compare internationally?

Vietnam has one of the highest gender imbalances at birth in the world. As of the 2019 census, the sex ratio is 115 boys for every 100 girls, which is above the natural biological ratio of 105 boys for every 100 girls. This places Vietnam second in Asia, only behind China.

What cultural beliefs contribute to the gender imbalance in Vietnam?

The cultural preference for male children in Vietnam is rooted in traditions such as male inheritance, the desire for male heirs to continue family lines, and a deep-seated belief in the importance of sons in Vietnamese society.

What consequences are expected from the increasing gender imbalance in Vietnam?

The gender imbalance will lead to a growing number of men unable to find wives, disrupting family structures and potentially leading to social issues such as sexual violence, trafficking, and the exploitation of women. It may also result in more men remaining single and a reduction in overall marriage rates.

How has the gender imbalance manifested in Vietnam's rural and urban areas?

In rural and mountainous areas, some families continue to have children until they have a son, while in urban areas, sex-selective abortion is more common as families opt for male children, often at great health risks to the mothers.

What are the dangers of sex-selective abortion in Vietnam?

Sex-selective abortion, while illegal in Vietnam, remains prevalent. It puts the health of mothers at risk, both physically and psychologically, and leads to an increasing number of unbalanced male populations.

What measures has the Vietnamese government taken to address the gender imbalance?

The Vietnamese government has enacted laws and regulations since 2020 that ban sex-selective abortion and the determination of a child's sex before birth. It also imposes penalties for those found violating these laws.

What impact has the gender imbalance had on marriage patterns in Vietnam?

The imbalance has led to many men in rural areas seeking wives from abroad, such as from China, Taiwan, and South Korea, which has created a demand for foreign brides and a shortage of local women available for marriage.

How have some communities in Vietnam successfully addressed gender equality in family planning?

In communities like Khoái Châu in Hưng Yên province, families have adopted a tradition of gender equality, with most households only having two children regardless of gender, and promoting equal opportunities for both sons and daughters.

What societal changes are needed to address the deep-rooted gender bias in Vietnam?

Societal changes in Vietnam require a shift in cultural attitudes towards gender, focusing on equal treatment and opportunities for both men and women. Public education, stricter enforcement of gender equality laws, and stronger family planning policies are essential in addressing the issue.