Sistem Kepartaian-2

Summary

In this video, the lecture discusses the typologies of party systems based on Sartori’s classification. It covers seven types of party systems, including one-party, hegemonic, predominant, two-party, limited pluralism, extreme pluralism, and atomized pluralism. The lecture elaborates on each system's characteristics, such as the number of political parties, the degree of ideological fragmentation, and the level of competition. The video explains the distinction between competitive and non-competitive party systems, highlighting systems like the two-party and predominant party systems as competitive, while one-party and hegemonic systems are categorized as non-competitive. The analysis concludes with a classification of political systems into competitive and non-competitive categories.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lecture discusses Sartori's typology of party systems, which classifies party systems into seven types based on their structure and competition levels.
• 😀 Sartori identifies the first type as a 'One-Party System,' where a single party monopolizes power and competition is non-existent.
• 😀 The second type is a 'Hegemonic Party System,' where one dominant party controls the political system, and no other party can compete effectively.
• 😀 The 'Predominant Party System' is the third type, characterized by one major party leading a coalition but with room for competition from other smaller parties.
• 😀 The 'Two-Party System' is the fourth type, with two major parties competing in a balanced system where one party governs and the other opposes.
• 😀 The fifth type, 'Limited Pluralism,' features a moderate number of parties, a high ideological diversity, and a relatively moderate level of state intervention.
• 😀 'Extreme Pluralism' is the sixth type, with a very fragmented political structure, numerous parties, and high ideological divergence.
• 😀 The seventh and final type, 'Atomized System,' refers to a system with many small parties and no significant ideological cohesion or state intervention.
• 😀 The lecture distinguishes between competitive and non-competitive party systems, with competitive systems having multiple parties and competition, and non-competitive systems where one party dominates.
• 😀 In competitive systems, there are types like 'Polarized Pluralism' and 'Moderate Pluralism,' where competition is strong, and in non-competitive systems, party competition is absent, as one party controls the system.
• 😀 The system of party competition can shift from centrifugal (dispersing) to centripetal (uniting), depending on the system's structure and ideological divisions.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video in terms of party systems?

The video focuses on the classification of party systems, particularly based on the typology by Sartori, which includes seven types of party systems: one-party system, hegemonic party system, predominant party system, two-party system, limited pluralism, extreme pluralism, and atomized pluralism.

How does Sartori categorize party systems?

Sartori categorizes party systems into seven types: one-party system, hegemonic party system, predominant party system, two-party system, limited pluralism, extreme pluralism, and atomized pluralism. These categories differ based on the number of political parties, the ideological distance between them, and the degree of political competition.

What is the 'one-party system' in Sartori's typology?

In the one-party system, there is only one political party that monopolizes political power, with no competition. Ideologically, this system is characterized by a single ideology, and the state's interference in the ideology is intense. Examples include totalitarian or authoritarian regimes.

How does the hegemonic party system differ from the one-party system?

The hegemonic party system involves one dominant party that consistently controls the government, but other parties still exist. However, these other parties cannot challenge the dominant party's hold on power. This system is often seen in historical contexts like Indonesia's New Order under the dominance of Golkar.

What defines the predominant party system?

The predominant party system features one major party that leads coalitions, forming a strong position within the government, but it does not monopolize power as in a hegemonic system. Other parties may exist, but the major party often forms the core of government leadership.

What are the key characteristics of a two-party system?

In a two-party system, there are two major parties that compete for political power. The power alternates between these two parties, and one party is typically in government while the other is in opposition. The competition between these parties is high, and there is a balance of power.

What is meant by 'limited pluralism' in Sartori's typology?

Limited pluralism refers to a party system where there are a few political parties (typically 3-5), and there is moderate ideological diversity between them. The system is fragmented, but not to the extreme, and there is a moderate level of state interference.

How does 'extreme pluralism' differ from limited pluralism?

Extreme pluralism involves a highly fragmented party system with many political parties (usually more than 5). These parties have significant ideological differences, and there is often a high degree of political competition. The state’s ideological interference is relatively weak, and inter-party interaction is complex.

What defines 'atomized pluralism' in Sartori’s typology?

Atomized pluralism is characterized by a highly fragmented political landscape with an excessive number of political parties (more than seven). These parties are ideologically diverse, and there is no strong central power. The competition is extremely high, with little chance of any party gaining stable power.

What distinguishes competitive party systems from non-competitive ones?

Competitive party systems are those where political parties engage in meaningful competition for power, with opportunities for different parties to win elections. In contrast, non-competitive party systems feature a dominant or monopolistic party that consistently wins elections, with little to no meaningful opposition.