Kebijakan Fiskal (Materi Ekonomi Kelas XI)

Summary

This video explains fiscal policy, focusing on its functions, goals, and instruments. It outlines how fiscal policy adjusts government spending and revenue to stabilize the economy. Key functions include allocation, distribution, stabilization, and development. The video highlights the objectives of increasing national income, creating jobs, and stabilizing prices. It also covers two key fiscal policy tools: taxation and budgeting. These tools can involve increasing or decreasing taxes and balancing budgets to manage economic conditions. The video concludes by exploring expansive and contractive fiscal policies aimed at influencing public purchasing power and inflation.

Takeaways

• 😀 Fiscal policy involves government spending and revenue adjustments to influence the economy.
• 😀 The main functions of fiscal policy are allocation, distribution, stabilization, and development.
• 😀 Allocation refers to how government funds are allocated through taxes and spending.
• 😀 Distribution determines how allocated funds are shared across various economic sectors.
• 😀 Stabilization aims to ensure steady economic growth and reduce volatility.
• 😀 Development focuses on encouraging economic growth through investments and infrastructure.
• 😀 The three primary goals of fiscal policy are increasing national income, expanding employment, and stabilizing prices.
• 😀 Taxation is a key tool in fiscal policy for regulating the economy, either by increasing or decreasing taxes.
• 😀 A balanced budget occurs when government spending equals its revenue, while unbalanced budgets include deficit and surplus options.
• 😀 A deficit budget is used during recessions to stimulate the economy by increasing spending beyond government revenue.
• 😀 A surplus budget is used during periods of economic expansion to manage overheating and control inflation.

Q & A

What is fiscal policy?

Fiscal policy refers to the government's adjustments in its spending and revenue collection to improve the economic condition. It aims to stabilize and stimulate the economy through various measures, such as taxation and government spending.

What are the main functions of fiscal policy?

The main functions of fiscal policy are: (1) Allocation function: determining how funds will be distributed for specific purposes, (2) Distribution function: deciding how these funds will be allocated across different sectors, (3) Stabilization function: aiming to stabilize economic growth, and (4) Development function: promoting economic growth.

What are the primary goals of fiscal policy according to John FB?

According to John FB, the main goals of fiscal policy are: (1) To increase national income and economic growth, (2) To expand employment and reduce unemployment, and (3) To stabilize prices.

What is the role of taxation in fiscal policy?

Taxation plays a significant role in fiscal policy as a tool to regulate the economy. It serves as a means for the government to collect resources from households and businesses to fund public spending. Tax policies can be adjusted by raising or lowering tax rates to influence economic behavior.

What are the two main tax policy approaches in fiscal policy?

The two main tax policy approaches are: (1) Raising taxes: to increase government revenue, strengthen the government’s financial position, and fund public expenditures, and (2) Lowering taxes: to give businesses and individuals more disposable income, thereby stimulating investment and consumption.

What is the difference between a balanced and an unbalanced budget?

A balanced budget occurs when government spending equals its revenue, while an unbalanced budget can either be a deficit budget, where spending exceeds revenue, or a surplus budget, where revenue exceeds spending.

What is the purpose of a deficit budget in fiscal policy?

A deficit budget is used during a recession or economic slowdown. It allows the government to spend more than its revenue to stimulate economic activity, such as through public investments or welfare programs, to counteract the downturn.

What does a surplus budget indicate in fiscal policy?

A surplus budget occurs when government revenue exceeds its expenditures. It is typically adopted when the economy is expanding or overheating, as it helps to cool down inflationary pressures by reducing overall demand.

What are the two types of fiscal policies based on their impact on economic activity?

The two types of fiscal policies are: (1) Expansionary fiscal policy: aims to increase demand and purchasing power by increasing government spending and reducing taxes, and (2) Contractionary fiscal policy: aims to reduce inflation by decreasing government spending and increasing taxes.

Why would a government implement expansionary fiscal policy?

A government would implement expansionary fiscal policy to increase consumer spending, boost investment, and stimulate economic growth, especially during a period of economic downturn or recession. This is achieved by increasing government expenditures and reducing taxes.