Kebijakan Moneter dan Fiskal - Ekonomi SMA Kelas 11 - Digidik Bimbel Online Gratis

Summary

This educational video, presented by Kak Sae, explains key concepts in economics for 11th-grade students, focusing on monetary and fiscal policies. Kak Sae introduces monetary policy, detailing how it is implemented by Indonesia's central bank, Bank Indonesia, to maintain economic stability. The video further explains the instruments of monetary policy such as interest rates and open market operations. It also covers fiscal policy, its goals of managing public income and expenditure, and its role in addressing issues like unemployment and inflation. The video provides clear explanations of both expansive and restrictive economic policies in practice.

Takeaways

• 😀 Monetary policy is issued by the Central Bank to maintain economic stability and control money circulation in the economy.
• 😀 Bank Indonesia is responsible for implementing monetary policy in Indonesia, including maintaining the stability of the rupiah and overseeing financial institutions.
• 😀 The primary instruments of monetary policy are the discount rate, open market operations, reserve requirements, and selective credit policies.
• 😀 Expansive monetary policy increases the money supply to boost consumer purchasing power, often used during periods of recession.
• 😀 Contractive monetary policy reduces the money supply to lower inflation, used when the economy experiences excessive price increases.
• 😀 Monetary policy can be expansive or contractive depending on whether the economy is facing recession (need to increase money supply) or inflation (need to decrease money supply).
• 😀 Fiscal policy is issued by the government, focusing on managing national revenue and expenditure, often to influence economic growth.
• 😀 The main goals of fiscal policy include reducing unemployment, stabilizing prices, stimulating economic growth, encouraging investment, and achieving social justice.
• 😀 Fiscal instruments include either expansive fiscal policy (increasing government spending and lowering taxes) or contractive fiscal policy (reducing government spending and increasing taxes).
• 😀 Expansive fiscal policy aims to boost economic activity during periods of recession, while contractive fiscal policy aims to reduce inflationary pressures by decreasing spending and increasing taxes.

Q & A

What is monetary policy and who is responsible for it in Indonesia?

Monetary policy is issued by the central bank with the goal of maintaining economic stability. In Indonesia, this policy is managed by Bank Indonesia, which aims to stabilize the value of the Rupiah.

What are the main tasks of Bank Indonesia under the monetary policy?

Bank Indonesia's main tasks include maintaining financial system stability, regulating payment systems, and implementing monetary policies to stabilize the Rupiah's value.

What is the role of Bank Indonesia in supervising financial institutions?

Bank Indonesia supervises financial institutions, both banks and non-bank institutions like insurance, pawnshops, and leasing companies. It has the authority to access financial data from these institutions if their stability is at risk.

What are the instruments of monetary policy used by Bank Indonesia?

Bank Indonesia uses several instruments in its monetary policy, including discount rate policy, open market operations, minimum reserve requirements, and selective credit policies.

What is the difference between expansionary and contractionary monetary policies?

An expansionary monetary policy increases the money supply to boost purchasing power, typically used during economic recessions. A contractionary policy reduces the money supply to control inflation, used when prices are too high.

What is the purpose of an expansionary monetary policy?

The purpose of an expansionary monetary policy is to increase the money supply and boost demand in the economy, typically to reduce unemployment and stimulate growth during a recession.

How does a contractionary monetary policy control inflation?

A contractionary monetary policy controls inflation by reducing the money supply. This can be achieved by raising interest rates, selling government securities, and increasing reserve requirements, which restricts credit availability and slows down spending.

What is fiscal policy and who is responsible for it in Indonesia?

Fiscal policy is managed by the government through regulating public revenues (mainly taxes) and expenditures. In Indonesia, it is overseen by the Ministry of Finance, particularly through the Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF).

What are the main objectives of fiscal policy?

The main objectives of fiscal policy are to guide national development priorities, reduce unemployment, maintain price stability, stimulate economic growth, and achieve social justice.

How does fiscal policy impact unemployment in Indonesia?

Fiscal policy can reduce unemployment by increasing government spending on programs that improve the quality of the workforce, enabling individuals to compete in the job market and creating more job opportunities.