KOMPONEN TRANSFORMER | TRAFO DISTRIBUSI 20KV

Summary

This video provides an in-depth explanation of the components and operation of a 20 kV distribution transformer. It covers key elements like the laminated iron core, insulators, primary and secondary windings, and their electrical configurations (Delta and Star). The transformer’s role in stepping down high voltage to 380V or 220V for household and industrial use is explained in detail. Additionally, the video touches on various components such as blasing, oil level control, and how the transformer functions in a distribution network. The informative breakdown of the transformer’s parts and their functions ensures a comprehensive understanding of this essential electrical device.

Takeaways

• 😀 A 20 kV transformer reduces high voltage to 380V or 220V for residential or industrial use.
• 😀 The transformer core is made of silicon steel laminations to reduce eddy currents and improve efficiency.
• 😀 The core is made up of hundreds to thousands of thin layers, each 0.23 mm to 0.35 mm thick, to minimize energy loss.
• 😀 Insulation paper (seleluid paper) is used for electrical insulation, dielectric loss prevention, mechanical protection, and heat resistance.
• 😀 The transformer has two main windings: primary winding (high voltage side) and secondary winding (low voltage side).
• 😀 The primary winding has more turns than the secondary winding, which reduces the voltage from 20 kV to 380V or 220V.
• 😀 In the Delta connection, the primary winding is connected with three phases, labeled R, S, and T, which work with the distribution network at 20 kV.
• 😀 The secondary winding is connected in a Star configuration, creating a neutral point for distributing 380V or 220V to homes and industries.
• 😀 A neutral point is created by joining all three secondary winding terminals, with the neutral wire attached to a busbar for distribution.
• 😀 Key components of the transformer include the primary and secondary bushings, offline tab, oil level control, and top cover plate.
• 😀 The oil level control helps prevent overheating, isolates electrical components, and detects potential leaks or damage in the transformer.

Q & A

What is the main function of a 20 kV transformer in the distribution network?

The main function of a 20 kV transformer is to step down the voltage from 20 kV to lower levels, such as 380 V or 220 V, which are used in homes and businesses.

Why is silicon steel used in the core of a transformer?

Silicon steel is used in the core of a transformer to reduce eddy currents, which helps improve efficiency and reduce energy loss.

What is the purpose of layering the core with multiple sheets of steel?

The core is layered with multiple sheets of steel to minimize eddy current loss. The more layers there are, the smaller the eddy currents, improving the transformer's efficiency.

What is the role of the insulation paper (seleluid paper) in the transformer?

The insulation paper serves as electrical insulation to prevent short circuits between windings, protect against dielectric losses, provide mechanical protection, and resist heat.

How does the primary winding differ from the secondary winding in a transformer?

The primary winding has more turns compared to the secondary winding. It receives the high voltage (20 kV), which is then stepped down to a lower voltage in the secondary winding.

What is the purpose of the Delta connection in the primary winding?

The Delta connection in the primary winding helps handle high voltage (20 kV) and is crucial for balancing the electrical load and providing stable operation of the transformer.

Why is the Star connection used in the secondary winding of the transformer?

The Star connection in the secondary winding is used to provide a neutral point and enable a stable lower voltage output, such as 380 V or 220 V, for distribution to homes and businesses.

What is the significance of the neutral point in the Star connection of the secondary winding?

The neutral point in the Star connection serves as a reference point for the voltage and ensures balanced distribution of power between the three phases of the secondary winding.

What is the function of the offline tap transformer (off-line tap) in the system?

The offline tap transformer helps adjust voltage, mitigate voltage fluctuations, improve energy quality, facilitate maintenance, and extend the transformer's lifespan.

What is the purpose of oil level control in the transformer?

Oil level control prevents overheating, protects electrical insulation, avoids transformer damage, and detects any oil leakage to ensure safe and efficient operation of the transformer.