Acordos internacionais

Summary

This video lesson takes viewers through key international climate agreements, from the 1972 Stockholm Conference to the 2015 Paris Agreement. It covers milestones such as the introduction of sustainable development in 1987, the creation of the IPCC in 1988, and Brazil's climate policies starting in 2009. The video highlights the global commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with countries like Sweden leading the way with net-zero goals. It emphasizes the importance of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and explores the ongoing global effort to combat climate change through collaboration and sustainable development.

Takeaways

• 😀 The 1972 Stockholm Conference was the first UN global conference to recognize environmental issues and the need for solutions.
• 😀 The 1987 Brundtland Report introduced the concept of sustainable development on a global scale.
• 😀 The IPCC, established in 1988, is the globally recognized authority for climate change data and information.
• 😀 The 1992 Rio Earth Summit (Rio 92) advanced discussions on sustainable development and highlighted Brazil's role in climate negotiations.
• 😀 The 1997 Kyoto Protocol set global goals for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction for participating countries.
• 😀 In 2009, Brazil committed to reducing GHG emissions, adapting to climate change, and prioritizing areas like deforestation and emissions from energy, agriculture, and industry.
• 😀 Brazil implemented various national plans, including those for reducing deforestation in the Amazon and Cerrado, and plans for low-carbon economy sectors like energy and agriculture.
• 😀 The 2012 Rio+20 Conference continued the sustainable development agenda and emphasized green economy discussions.
• 😀 The 2015 Paris Agreement (COP21) established a universal, legally binding climate pact, aiming to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C and ideally to 1.5°C.
• 😀 Countries in the Paris Agreement must submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to outline their GHG reduction plans and provide international support for climate adaptation in developing nations.
• 😀 Over 30 countries, including Sweden, have legally committed to a 'net zero' emissions target, with more than 100 countries considering similar goals to meet the Paris Agreement's targets.

Q & A

What was the significance of the 1972 Stockholm Conference?

The 1972 Stockholm Conference was the first global conference organized by the UN to recognize the severity of environmental problems and the need for measures to address them.

What concept was introduced in the 1987 Brundtland Report?

The 1987 Brundtland Report introduced the concept of sustainable development, defining it as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

What is the role of the IPCC, created in 1988?

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), established in 1988, is globally recognized as the authoritative scientific body responsible for providing data and information on climate change.

What was the importance of the Rio 92 Conference?

The Rio 92 Conference, also known as the Earth Summit, was a major milestone in discussions on sustainable development. It highlighted Brazil's role in climate negotiations and set the stage for international environmental efforts.

What did the 1997 Kyoto Protocol establish?

The 1997 Kyoto Protocol established binding commitments for industrialized countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, with specific targets for each country.

What were Brazil's commitments in its 2009 climate policy?

In 2009, Brazil's climate policy committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to climate change, and prioritizing actions in deforestation reduction in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, as well as in the energy, agriculture, livestock, and industry sectors.

What are the specific plans for deforestation control in Brazil?

Brazil has two main plans for deforestation control: the PPCerrado (Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Cerrado) and the PPCDAm (Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon).

What is the role of the PNMC (National Policy on Climate Change)?

The PNMC (National Policy on Climate Change) aims to implement climate change mitigation and adaptation actions in Brazil. It includes various plans, such as the Decadal Plan for Energy Expansion and the Low Carbon Agriculture Plan, to meet the country's climate goals.

What is the goal of the Paris Agreement (COP21)?

The Paris Agreement, adopted at COP21 in 2015, aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving a balance between emissions and removals by 2050.

What does the 'Net Zero' commitment mean, and who adopted it first?

The 'Net Zero' commitment means balancing the amount of greenhouse gases emitted with the amount removed from the atmosphere. Sweden was the first country to legally adopt this commitment in 2017, with more than 30 other countries following suit.