HOW TO ANSWER CICD PROCESS IN AN INTERVIEW| DEVOPS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS #cicd#devops#jenkins #argocd
Summary
TLDRIn this informative video, Abhishek guides aspiring DevOps engineers through explaining a CI/CD pipeline in interviews. He begins with version control systems like Git and target platforms like Kubernetes, then details the stages of a Jenkins-orchestrated pipeline, including code checkout, build, unit testing, code scanning, image building, and scanning. Abhishek emphasizes the importance of pushing images to a registry and updating Kubernetes manifests with tools like Argo CD for deployment. The video simplifies complex concepts, making it easier for viewers to articulate their CI/CD implementations in interviews.
Takeaways
- π CI/CD is a critical component for DevOps engineers and a common interview topic.
- π§ The CI/CD process starts with a version control system like Git, GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket.
- π― The target platform for deployment is often Kubernetes, emphasizing the importance of containerization.
- π A user's code commit triggers a series of actions in the CI/CD pipeline via a pull request and review process.
- π οΈ Jenkins is used as an orchestrator to automate the CI/CD pipeline, starting with the checkout stage.
- ποΈ The build stage involves compiling code and running unit tests, with optional static code analysis.
- π Code scanning is performed to identify security vulnerabilities and ensure code quality.
- π¦ Image building involves creating a Docker or container image, specific to the Kubernetes platform.
- π¬ Image scanning is crucial to verify the security and integrity of the created container image.
- π The final stage includes pushing the image to a registry like Docker Hub or AWS ECR.
- π Declarative Jenkins pipelines are preferred for their ease of collaboration and flexibility.
- π CI/CD pipelines can be extended for deployment to Kubernetes using tools like Argo CD or GitOps practices.
- π§ Alternative deployment methods include using Ansible, shell scripts, or Python scripts for automation.
- π Security checks are an integral part of the pipeline to ensure the code and images are free from vulnerabilities.
- π The video script provides a detailed guide for explaining a CI/CD pipeline in a DevOps interview context.
Q & A
What is the primary topic discussed in the video script?
-The primary topic discussed in the video script is explaining the CI/CD pipeline in the context of DevOps engineering interviews.
Why is CI/CD a critical component in a DevOps engineer's job role?
-CI/CD is a critical component in a DevOps engineer's job role because it is essential for automating the software delivery process, ensuring code quality, and enabling rapid and reliable deployments.
What is the first step in setting up a CI/CD pipeline according to the script?
-The first step in setting up a CI/CD pipeline is to start with a Version Control System (VCS) like Git, using platforms such as GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket.
What is the role of a continuous integration continuous delivery orchestrator like Jenkins in the CI/CD pipeline?
-The role of a CI/CD orchestrator like Jenkins is to automate the pipeline process, trigger builds and tests when changes are pushed to the repository, and manage the workflow of the CI/CD stages.
What is the purpose of the checkout stage in a Jenkins pipeline?
-The purpose of the checkout stage in a Jenkins pipeline is to retrieve the latest code commit from the version control system to start the build process.
What actions are typically performed during the build and unit testing stage of a Jenkins pipeline?
-During the build and unit testing stage, the code is compiled, a build artifact is created, and unit tests are executed to verify the functionality of the code.
What is the importance of code scanning in the CI/CD pipeline?
-Code scanning is important for identifying security vulnerabilities, code quality issues, and potential bugs early in the development process, ensuring the code meets security and quality standards.
Why is image scanning performed after building a container image in the CI/CD pipeline?
-Image scanning is performed to verify that the created container image is free from security vulnerabilities and to ensure the safety and integrity of the software being deployed.
What is the role of an image registry like Docker Hub or ECR in the CI/CD pipeline?
-An image registry serves as a central repository to store and manage container images, making them accessible for deployment to the target platform, such as Kubernetes.
What is the purpose of updating the Kubernetes YAML manifests or Helm charts after building and pushing the image?
-The purpose of updating the Kubernetes YAML manifests or Helm charts is to ensure that the new version of the application, contained within the updated image, is correctly configured for deployment to the Kubernetes cluster.
What is the role of a GitOps tool like Argo CD in the CI/CD pipeline?
-Argo CD, as a GitOps tool, automates the deployment process by continuously monitoring the Git repository for changes in the manifests or Helm charts and deploying those changes to the Kubernetes cluster.
Why might someone choose to use scripted Jenkins pipelines over declarative pipelines?
-Some might choose scripted Jenkins pipelines for their flexibility, allowing for custom scripting and control over the pipeline process, although declarative pipelines are generally recommended for easier collaboration.
What are some alternatives to using GitOps for deploying changes to a Kubernetes cluster?
-Alternatives to using GitOps for deploying changes include using scripting solutions like Ansible, shell scripts, or Python scripts to automate the deployment process.
Outlines
π Introduction to CI/CD Pipelines in DevOps
In this introductory paragraph, Abhishek, the speaker, addresses his audience, which consists primarily of DevOps engineers and those aspiring to enter the field. He emphasizes the importance of CI/CD pipelines in DevOps roles and the need to be well-prepared to discuss them in interviews. He acknowledges the challenges faced by his subscribers in explaining their CI/CD implementations during interviews and promises to simplify the process in the video. The paragraph sets the stage for a detailed explanation of a CI/CD pipeline, starting with version control systems like Git, GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket, and target platforms like Kubernetes. It also introduces the concept of a pull request and the role of an orchestrator, such as Jenkins, in triggering the pipeline upon code commits.
π οΈ Detailed Breakdown of CI/CD Pipeline Stages
This paragraph delves into the specifics of the CI/CD pipeline stages, starting with the checkout stage where the latest code commit is retrieved from the version control system. It then moves on to the build and unit testing stage, where tools like Maven are used for building Java applications and unit testing frameworks are employed to ensure code quality. The paragraph also touches on static code analysis and security checks using tools like SonarQube. The image building stage is highlighted next, where Docker images are created for deployment on Kubernetes. Image scanning is emphasized to ensure no vulnerabilities are present in the built images. The paragraph concludes with the push of the image to a registry, such as Docker Hub or AWS ECR, and the preference for using declarative Jenkins pipelines for orchestration due to their flexibility and ease of collaboration.
π Deployment and Continuous Integration with GitOps
The final paragraph focuses on the deployment phase of the CI/CD pipeline. It discusses the process of pushing the newly built image to an image registry and updating the Kubernetes YAML manifests or Helm charts in a Git repository. The paragraph introduces GitOps tools like Argo CD, which automatically deploy changes to the Kubernetes cluster by watching the Git repository for updates. The advantages of using GitOps, such as maintaining Git as the single source of truth and continuous reconciliation, are highlighted. As an alternative, the paragraph also mentions the possibility of using scripting solutions like Ansible, shell scripts, or Python for deployment, especially when managing multiple Kubernetes clusters. The speaker invites viewers to ask questions and promises further clarification on specific stages if needed, concluding the video with a friendly sign-off.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘DevOps Engineer
π‘CI/CD
π‘Version Control System
π‘Orchestrator
π‘Pipeline
π‘Checkout Stage
π‘Build and Unit Testing
π‘Code Scanning
π‘Image Building
π‘Image Registry
π‘GitOps
π‘Kubernetes
π‘Argo CD
Highlights
Introduction to the importance of CI/CD pipelines in DevOps engineering roles.
Suggestion to start with Git or a Git-based Version Control System for CI/CD implementation.
Recommendation to choose a target platform like Kubernetes for CI/CD processes.
Description of the user code commit process and its initiation of the CI/CD pipeline.
Explanation of using a Continuous Integration Continuous Delivery orchestrator like Jenkins.
Details on the first stage of Jenkins pipeline: code checkout from the repository.
Discussion on the build and unit testing stage using Maven and unit testing frameworks.
Importance of static code analysis and its place in the CI/CD pipeline.
Introduction to code scanning tools like SonarQube for security vulnerability detection.
Process of building a Docker image or container image for the Kubernetes platform.
Necessity of image scanning to ensure security and vulnerability-free images.
Step of pushing the image to an image registry like Docker Hub or ECR.
Advantages of using declarative Jenkins pipelines over scripted ones for orchestration.
Use of Argo CD or other GitOps tools for deploying changes to the Kubernetes platform.
Explanation of how Argo CD watches the git repository for changes and deploys them.
Alternative approaches using scripting like Ansible, shell scripts, or Python for deployment.
Emphasis on the flexibility and scalability of the CI/CD pipeline for multiple Kubernetes clusters.
Conclusion and invitation for questions or further discussion on the CI/CD pipeline topic.
Transcripts
hello everyone my name is Abhishek and
welcome back to my channel
so if you are a devops engineer or an
aspiring devops engineer planning to
give interviews CI CD is one of the most
anticipated topics that you will discuss
in your interviews
and many times the question that
interviewers will ask you is explain the
CI CD pipeline that you have implemented
in your current or previous projects
why because in your devops engineering
job role CI CD is one of the critical
components so you should be really
prepared for this and many of our
subscribers have been asking me that I
have implemented the CI CD pipeline I
have followed your videos but I am
finding it difficult to explain during
the interview about the CI CD pipeline
that I've implemented so watch the video
till the end because in this video I am
going to make it very simple for you to
explain the interviewer okay this is the
process that I have implemented
okay
always start with Git or any Version
Control System that's based on git you
can use GitHub git gitlab or bitbucket
and you can choose your target platform
as kubernetes so you will start seeing
the interviewer that we use GitHub or
gitlab or bitbucket as our source code
repository and our Target platform is
kubernetes so that tells the interviewer
that okay you are trying to use a
version control system and trying to
implement the CI CD on the target
platform kubernetes love
let's say there is a user who tries to
make a code commit okay the pull request
is reviewed and then the code commit
creates a commit in the version control
system for easy understanding let's
assume that is a GitHub repository so
user makes a code commit to a GitHub
repository then we use an orchestrator
The Continuous integration continuous
delivery orchestrators like Jenkins the
reason for using the orchestrators is
whenever there is a code coming to the
git repository git the book triggers the
pipeline in your orchestrator okay so in
this case there is a git web hook that
triggers the Jenkins pipeline now what
Jenkins does is the continuous
integration part then there is
continuous delivery part which will
cover later but using Jenkins you will
implement the continuous integration as
part of continuous integration there are
multiple stages okay so start with the
stage that is the checkout stage so
explain the interviewer that as part of
the first stage in the Jenkins pipeline
we will check out the code now what is
the code that you are checking out the
code commit that user has made okay so
you will check out the code commit that
user has made I mean all the code along
with that code commit and then you will
try to perform a build action along with
the unit test cases in the same state
some people also perform static code
analysis using some linting actions
formatting but it depends upon your use
case you can say that we use Maven for
building and we use the unit test cases
in the code repository if it is a Java
application if it is node.js or if it is
python then you can convert your unit
testing framework and the build language
accordingly but let's assume that you
are using a Java application so you can
say we check out the code in the first
stage then we perform the build and unit
testing in the second stage where we use
Maven and we use the unit testing
framework to test the unit test
and then once this is done the build
unit testing and static code analysis is
done then you will move towards the code
scanning as part of the code scanning
you can use some repositories like uh
sonar Cube or you can use any
self-hosted uh sonar Solutions or you
can use any code scanning Solutions okay
and you will tell them that okay we will
scan the code for any uh security
related vulnerabilities or even for the
static code analysis in this stage or
you can also tell them that you know we
perform some Security checks to ensure
that our code is free from any
Securities and in this stage we will
talk about sonar Cube after that once
this entire thing is done you will move
towards the image building okay what you
will do as part of image building so
because the target platform is
kubernetes you will try to build a
Docker image or a container image to be
very specific so let's not talk about
Docker because some people might use
Docker some people might use Builder but
end of the day you will create a
container image in this stage for that
you will use the docker file in the
GitHub repository
once the image is built it is very
important to perform the image scanning
what you will do as part of the image
scanning you will verify if the image
that you have created has any
vulnerabilities right so the binary is
that you are using the default packages
that you are using in the image or the
base image itself you have to verify
that the base image and the overall
image is free from any vulnerabilities
finally once this entire things is done
you will push the image to your image
registry so the image registry can be
Docker Hub or query.io ECR if you are on
AWS you can say that I am using ECR as a
registry or any any other things right
now this is about the continuous
integration so you will say these are
multiple stages that we have in
continuous integration and we write
Jenkins file in Jenkins for
orchestrating each of them now if the
interviewer asks you how do you write
that we use the declarative Jenkins
pipelines it is always good to go with
the declarative Jenkins pipelines over
the scripted scripted Jenkins pipelines
because scripted pipelines does not have
more flexibility or does not have uh you
know by the means of flexibility in
scripted pipelines you can write your
own code but declarative pipelines are
very easy to collaborate even with
people who does not have enough idea on
the scripting part the group is
scripting part
perfect now once this is done the image
is pushed now what is the next stage
that you have like you have there is a
user who has committed the code then
your Jenkins have triggered all of these
things the image is also created image
is pushed to the image registering that
can be Docker Hub now what will be the
next step is to get this image onto your
kubernetes platform because this image
has the new changes of your application
so to do that some people use the same
Jenkins pipeline that we have created
and update this image in the kubernetes
yaml manifests
and you know you need to again push this
updated image to a GitHub repository
which is hosting all of this kubernetes
manifest in some cases this can be the
same repository as well but it is
ideally preferred to have a different
GitHub repository one is your source
code repository that is here and then
you can have a different repository for
storing your image manifest or you can
also store them as Helm charts customize
any of the different things better to go
with plain manifest or Helm chats
and like I told you some people keep the
git repository common for the source
code and image manifest if you feel that
is easy you can say that using the
Jenkins same Jenkins pipeline we update
the git repository with the image that
we have created in the last stage of the
CI that is image push stage
now once this is done your image is
created your GitHub repository is
updated with the image manifest the helm
chart is updated with the values.aml any
of the things then you have the final
stage where you use Argo CD or any git
Ops tool such as flux CD better to go
with the github's approach if you feel
that you are not comfortable with Git
Ops okay I'll tell you the solution
watch the video till then but it is
always preferred to go with GitHub
solution and what you will do is using
Argo CD you will deploy this new change
onto the kubernetes
platform how do you do that Argo CD is
continuously watching this git
repository whether it can be this git
repository or git repository that you
have used in the first case here
wherever you are pushing uh the updated
K8 CML manifest
there you have to configure Argo CD to
watch that git repository and push the
changes to the kubernetes cluster
okay so advantage of using githubs is
you know githubs will make sure that git
is a single source of Truth and any
changes that is made to this repository
is automatically pulled and deployed to
kubernetes Cluster also it has multiple
other advantages like continuous
reconciliation let's not go into the
details of it you can watch my githubs
playlist
now let's say that you find this entire
git option complicated you don't know it
good about anything about githubs you
can replace this with any scripting like
ansible shell scripts or Python scripts
so you can say that once the images once
the updated kubernetes yaml manifest or
pushed to the GitHub repository what we
do is as part of the same pipeline we
use the shell script using the cube CTL
binary or using the helm command we just
push this new
commit in the git repository to the
kubernetes
platform right so either go with ansible
or go with shell script or python in any
ways you can push these things like the
helm chart onto the kubernetes cluster
the advantage of using ansible is if
there are multiple platforms like in
this case in this picture I have shown
only one kubernetes cluster but if there
are 10 kubernetes clusters ansible will
make your life easy if you know GitHub
solution go with GitHub solution because
in githubs you can manage 1 or 10 or 100
kubernetes clusters as well okay so you
can take uh this diagram as a reference
you can use this same diagram you can
take a screenshot screenshot of it write
your own notes but this is how you will
explain the interviewer that once the
user commits a code to a gate repository
then we use Jenkins as an orchestrator
which takes care of our continuous
integration part using multiple stages
we use Jenkins groovy scripting where we
use the declarative Jenkins pipelines
for writing multiple stages and as part
of it the first stage is the checkout
stage where we check out the code the
second stage is a build and unit testing
we also perform static code analysis in
this stage you can say that if required
then we move towards the code scanning
stage and once the code scanning is done
and if everything is fine we will move
towards the building of image in this
case we are building a container image
because the target platform is
kubernetes then we perform the image
scanning to verify that the image built
is safe from the security
vulnerabilities and finally we push this
image to the image registry
once the image is pushed to the image
registry what we do is we take this new
version of the image and we update the
kubernetes yaml Manifest or we update
the
Helm charts depending upon your use case
onto a git repository this git
repository can be a different one or the
same one
and finally we have a gitops tool called
Argo CD which is watching for this hand
charts Whenever there is a new version
or a code commit that is made to this
git repository it becomes the new coming
it picks up the new commit and deploys
it onto the kubernetes cluster so this
is the entire pipeline how you explain I
hope you watch this I mean I hope sorry
I hope you enjoy the video if you have
any questions put that in the comment
section if you want to talk anything
related to it yeah definitely let me
know that you know you are finding it
difficult to understand a specific stage
I'll definitely make a detailed video on
that as well see you all in the next
video take care everyone bye
Browse More Related Video
Complete CICD setup with Live Demo | #devops #jenkins| Write CICD with less code| @TrainWithShubham
Day-18 | What is CICD ? | Introduction to CICD | How CICD works ? | #devops #abhishekveeramalla
Day-21 | CICD Interview Questions | GitHub Repo with Q&A #cicd #jenkins #github #gitlab #devops
What is DevOps? Understanding DevOps terms and Tools
#1 What is DevOps ,Agile and CICD
Introduction to DevOps - CI / CD
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)