HE Session 01 : Unlocking the Pathways to Knowledge: Exploring Pratyaksha, Anuman & Shabda Pramanas

Summary

This video script delves into the Naya philosophy of logic and reasoning, exploring the three primary sources of acquiring valid knowledge: perception (praka), inference (anuman), and verbal testimony (shabda). It discusses the limitations and applications of each method, using examples like Darwin's theory and optical illusions to illustrate the fallibility of perception and the speculative nature of inference. The script emphasizes the importance of accepting knowledge from a bonafide, knowledgeable, and well-wishing authority, as in the case of a child learning about their father from the mother, highlighting the reliability of shabda pran in philosophical inquiries.

Takeaways

• 🧐 Perception (praka) is a source of knowledge where 'seeing is believing', but it has limitations due to imperfect senses.
• 🔍 Imperfect senses can lead to illusions, mistakes, and even a propensity for cheating, as illustrated by various optical illusions and historical scientific errors.
• 🤔 Anuman (inference or guesswork) is another way of acquiring knowledge, but it is limited by the potential for speculation and inaccuracies, as shown in the example of Darwin's theory of evolution.
• 📚 Shabda (verbal testimony) is a reliable source of knowledge when it comes from a bonafide, knowledgeable, and well-wishing authority, such as the Vedas in philosophy.
• 👶 The example of a child knowing their father through the mother's testimony illustrates the importance of accepting knowledge from a trustworthy source.
• 🌐 Knowledge from bonafide authorities is foundational in various fields, including science and philosophy, where we build upon the work of others.
• 🔬 Historical scientific errors, like the Piltdown Man fraud, demonstrate the potential for mistakes even in the field of science, emphasizing the need for reliable sources of knowledge.
• 🌌 The universe's complexity and the existence of unique species challenge the idea that guesswork alone can explain everything, suggesting a need for deeper understanding.
• 📖 The Vedas are considered a reliable source of knowledge because they are believed to come from a benevolent and omniscient source, guiding seekers towards the Supreme Lord.
• 📝 The script encourages viewers to engage with the content actively, reflecting on their learning and participating in the video series on philosophy.
• 🛎️ The presenter invites viewers to subscribe, like, and comment on the video, and to stay connected for a series of 10 videos on the subject of philosophy.

Q & A

What are the three sources of valid knowledge according to the Naya philosophy of logic and reasoning?

The three sources of valid knowledge according to the Naya philosophy are praka (perception), anuman (inference), and shabda (verbal testimony).

What is the concept of 'praka' in the context of Naya philosophy?

'Praka' refers to the knowledge acquired through direct perception, often summarized by the phrase 'seeing is believing'. However, it is also acknowledged that perception can be flawed due to various challenges.

What are the four defects of perception (praka) mentioned in the script?

The four defects of perception are: imperfect senses (leading to illusions), committing mistakes, and the propensity for cheating. These defects are collectively referred to as 'IICC'.

How do our senses' limitations contribute to the illusion of seeing something that does not exist?

Our senses have a limited range of perception, and due to these limitations, we can experience illusions, such as seeing a white triangle in a figure where there is none, or seeing an old woman where a young woman is present, because of selective vision or optical illusions.

What is an example of a mistake made in the field of science due to the limitations of perception?

One example is the historical belief that the brain functioned as an organ to cool the blood, which was later corrected with the modern understanding of neurons and neural networks.

What is 'anuman' and how does it relate to Darwin's theory of evolution?

'Anuman' is the process of making inferences or guesses based on observations. Darwin's theory of evolution is cited as an example of anuman, where the theory was developed based on observations of fossils and species, but it also has its limitations and potential for error.

What is the 'Piltdown Man' fraud, and how does it illustrate the concept of 'anuman pran'?

The 'Piltdown Man' fraud refers to a scientific hoax where a skull was presented as evidence of human evolution from apes. It was later revealed to be a forgery, illustrating the fallibility of anuman pran, where speculation can lead to incorrect conclusions.

What is 'shabda pran', and why is it considered important in philosophical inquiries?

'Shabda pran' is the acceptance of knowledge from a bonafide, knowledgeable, and well-wishing authority. It is considered important in philosophical inquiries because it provides a reliable source of knowledge that is not subject to the same limitations as perception or inference.

How does the script use the example of a child knowing their father to explain 'shabda pran'?

The script uses the example of a child knowing their father through the mother's testimony to illustrate 'shabda pran'. The mother, being a knowledgeable and well-wishing authority, tells the child who their father is, and the child accepts this information without needing to verify it through perception or inference.

What is the significance of the Vedas in the context of 'shabda pran'?

The Vedas are considered a source of 'shabda pran' because they are seen as the verbal testimony of the rishis, who are considered to be bonafide, knowledgeable, and well-wishing authorities. The Vedas are thus accepted as a reliable source of spiritual knowledge.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 Perception and Its Limitations

The first paragraph introduces the session on Naya philosophy of logic and reasoning, focusing on the concept of praka, or perception, as a source of valid knowledge. It challenges the adage 'seeing is believing' by illustrating the fallibility of human senses through examples such as the appearance of a deformed face in a concave mirror or a broken stick in water. The speaker elaborates on the four defects (iicc) of perception, including imperfect senses, illusion, mistakes, and the propensity for cheating. Examples like the limited range of human vision and hearing are given to demonstrate these limitations, and the reliance on instruments, which are also a product of these imperfect senses, is critiqued.

05:02

🎨 Illusions and Errors in Perception

This paragraph delves deeper into the concept of illusion and error in perception. It uses various optical illusions and visual tricks to demonstrate how our senses can deceive us, such as the imaginary white triangle that appears due to the arrangement of black circles, or the old woman/young woman illusion that shows how selective vision can lead to different interpretations of the same image. The speaker also discusses the historical scientific errors made due to such perceptual limitations, including the misconception about the brain's function and the changing values of Hubble's constant, emphasizing the universal tendency to make mistakes even in the field of science.

10:04

🤔 The Pitfalls of Guesswork and Inference

The third paragraph discusses anuman pran, or inference, as another way of acquiring knowledge and its associated pitfalls. It uses the story of blind men and an elephant to illustrate the limitations of guesswork when reality is far more complex than individual perceptions. The speaker critiques Darwin's theory of evolution as an example of anuman pran, pointing out the inconsistencies and lack of transitional fossils to support the gradual evolution from one species to another. The paragraph highlights the dangers of relying solely on speculation and the need for more reliable sources of knowledge.

15:05

📚 The Reliability of Verbal Testimony

The fourth paragraph introduces shabda pran, or verbal testimony, as a more reliable source of knowledge, especially in philosophical inquiries. It emphasizes the importance of receiving knowledge from a bonafide, knowledgeable, and well-wishing authority. The speaker uses the analogy of a child learning about their father from the mother to explain the concept of shabda pran. They also mention that all learning, including scientific knowledge, is built upon the authority of previous works and hardworking individuals, making shabda pran a fundamental aspect of gaining knowledge.

20:07

🌐 Philosophical Inquiry and the Role of Shabda Pran

In the fifth paragraph, the speaker concludes the discussion by emphasizing the importance of shabda pran in philosophical inquiries. They argue that while praka and anuman pran have their applications and limitations, shabda pran offers a more reliable approach, especially when seeking knowledge about the Supreme Lord or other profound philosophical truths. The speaker invites viewers to stay connected, like the video, subscribe to the channel, and participate in the flipped classroom mode of learning, where they are expected to engage with the material deeply and ask questions for further exploration.

25:09

📢 Stay Connected and Engage with the Content

The final paragraph serves as a call to action for viewers to stay connected with the channel, like the video, subscribe, and participate by commenting and asking questions. The speaker mentions the use of a Google form to capture attendance and comments, indicating a structured approach to the video series. They also highlight the importance of viewer engagement for the upcoming classes and encourage viewers to enable notifications to stay updated with the content.

Keywords

💡Praka

Praka, derived from the Sanskrit word 'pratyaksha', refers to direct perception or knowledge acquired through the senses. It is central to the video's theme as it discusses the validity and limitations of knowledge gained through sensory experience. The script uses the phrase 'seeing is believing' to illustrate praka, but also challenges this notion with examples of optical illusions and scientific misconceptions, emphasizing the imperfections of human senses.

💡Anuman

Anuman, or inference, is the process of deriving knowledge from what is already known, often through logical reasoning or speculation. It is a key concept in the video, which contrasts it with direct perception. Anuman is exemplified by Darwin's theory of evolution, where the script discusses the speculative nature of such theories and their potential for error, highlighting the limitations of knowledge derived from inference alone.

💡Shabda

Shabda pertains to verbal testimony or knowledge received from a trustworthy and knowledgeable source. The video emphasizes shabda as a reliable means of acquiring knowledge, especially in philosophical inquiries. It is contrasted with praka and anuman, which have their own set of challenges. The script uses the metaphor of a child learning about their father from the mother to illustrate the concept of shabda, emphasizing the importance of accepting knowledge from an authoritative source.

💡Imperfect Senses

Imperfect senses is a concept that underscores the limitations of human perception, which is a central theme in the video. It refers to the idea that our senses, such as sight and hearing, have limitations that can lead to illusions and mistakes. Examples from the script include the inability to see X-rays or hear certain frequencies, illustrating how our senses can deceive us and affect the validity of knowledge acquired through praka.

💡Illusion

Illusion is a term used in the video to describe the deceptive perceptions that can arise from the imperfections of our senses. It is closely related to the concept of praka and is used to challenge the notion that what we see is always true. The script provides several examples of optical illusions, such as the white triangle illusion and the Rubin vase, to demonstrate how our senses can create false perceptions.

💡Mistakes

Mistakes in the context of the video refer to the errors that can occur when our perceptions, influenced by imperfect senses, lead us to incorrect conclusions. The script discusses how even in the field of science, such as the historical misunderstanding of the brain's function or the Hubble constant's revisions, mistakes can be made. This concept is used to highlight the fallibility of knowledge gained through praka and anuman.

💡Cheating Propensity

Cheating propensity is a concept introduced in the video to describe the tendency to deceive or be deceived, especially when faced with the limitations of our senses and the potential for mistakes. It is exemplified by the Piltdown Man fraud, where a fake fossil was presented as evidence for human evolution, misleading the scientific community for decades. This term is used to caution against the potential for manipulation in the pursuit of knowledge.

💡Vedic Knowledge

Vedic knowledge, or 'Vedam mat', is presented in the video as a form of shabda, where knowledge is received from a bonafide and well-wishing authority. The Vedas, ancient Hindu scriptures, are cited as an example of this type of knowledge. The script contrasts this with the limitations of praka and anuman, suggesting that Vedic knowledge is a more reliable source of understanding, especially in philosophical and spiritual matters.

💡Philosophical Inquiries

Philosophical inquiries are a central focus of the video, which discusses the different ways of acquiring valid knowledge. The script suggests that such inquiries should be addressed using shabda pran, or verbal testimony from a knowledgeable source, as opposed to relying solely on praka or anuman. This is exemplified by the discussion on the limitations of sensory perception and inference in reaching philosophical truths.

💡Flipped Classroom

The term 'flipped classroom' is used in the video to describe the mode of instruction where the script and video serve as the primary learning tools, with the expectation that viewers will engage with the material before class. This approach is mentioned in the closing remarks, where the presenter encourages viewers to watch the video, engage with the content, and participate in the class discussion, illustrating a modern educational method that complements the traditional concepts discussed in the video.

Highlights

Introduction to the Naya philosophy of logic and reasoning, exploring different sources of valid knowledge.

Explanation of 'praka' as the process of acquiring knowledge through perception, with the motto 'seeing is believing'.

Challenges of perception, such as the illusion created by a stick appearing broken in water.

Imperfect senses leading to illusions, mistakes, and the propensity for cheating, categorized under 'IICC'.

Examples of sensory limitations, like the inability to see X-rays or hear sounds beyond the human range.

The role of instruments in perception and their inherent limitations due to imperfect human senses.

Selective vision and optical illusions as examples of the imperfections in perception.

Historical mistakes in science, such as the misconception about the brain's function as a blood cooler.

The Piltdown Man fraud as an example of cheating propensity in the scientific community.

Introduction to 'anuman' or inference as a method of acquiring knowledge through guesswork.

Darwin's theory of evolution as a classic example of anuman pran and its limitations.

The story of the blind men and the elephant to illustrate the limitations of anuman pran.

Discussion on the fallacy of anuman pran and its inability to capture the complete reality.

Introduction to 'shabda pran' or verbal testimony as a source of knowledge from a reliable and benevolent authority.

The importance of shabda pran in philosophical inquiries and its contrast with praka and anuman pran.

The role of Vedas as a source of knowledge in the context of shabda pran and their significance in philosophical understanding.

Encouragement for viewers to engage with the content through comments and subscriptions for a deeper understanding of philosophy.

Transcripts

Namaste everyone and welcome to this

session on Naya philosophy of logic and

reasoning so in this section we will be

studying about different ways sources of

getting the valid knowledge that is we

will be studying about what is praka

what is anuman and what is shabda and

how this knowledge is coming to us by

three different ways there are pros and

cons and how the Vic knowledge

concludes so whenever we say there are

various sources of the valid knowledge

to acquire the knowledge generally we

see that we acquire the knowledge

through perception right so perception

means

means that is called as

praka so seeing is believing is what the

Moto of the prak Paran is I will believe

when I see does God exist yeah I will

believe in God when I see God face to

face now let us question this whether

she is seeing believing like you

yourself see yourself in the concave or

the convex mirror uh what will happen

with the convex or concave mirror your

face will be appearing very deformed or

you see the stick inside the water pot

here the stick appears broken is stick

broken of course stick is not broken but

the stick appears broken that means not

necessarily see being is believing now

why so because there are various

challenges of perception that is various

challenges of pra pran predominantly

there are four challenges four defects

which they are called as

iicc okay what is I IC I stands for

imperfect senses we are five Gan andrias

that is knowledge acquiring senses and

these senses have their own

limitations because of the imperfect

senses there is we get uh cheating

illusion okay because of the imperfect

senses leads to illusion getting

illusion getting illusion leads to we

committing mistakes and we committing

mistakes leadings to hide the mistake

there is always a chance of cheating

propensity so imperfect senses to be

illusioned committing mistakes and

cheating propensity okay let us see how

the senses are imperfect

senses like our eyes you can see the our

eyes have a particular range in which we

can see uh like if you are standing in

front of x-ray machine the xrays will

pass through you they will be captured

on the film but you will not see the

X-ray passing through you because we are

blind to x-rays we are blind to

ultraviolet rays as well our perception

our reality what we can see is only

between 400 to 700 Micron

range Beyond this we are blind to the

light that is there

right similarly with our ears our ears

they can hear only from the range of 20

Herz to 20 khz like somebody is playing

dogs Wizzle which is below 20 HZ maybe

all dogs will come running and we may be

wondering why suddenly all dogs have

come dogs could hear that wizel but we

could not and similarly if there is a

say a

very huge Bomb Blast maybe we are deaf

to that Bomb Blast because if the

frequency is Beyond 20 khz we may not

even catch those particular sounds

similarly the tongue okay the tongue is

also it is the knowledge will come from

the context like you know if we taste

the orange after sugar the orange will

taste s and the same orange if we taste

after lemon the same orange will taste

very very sweet orange is same but you

know it will give one taste based on

when we are tasting after sugar another

taste if we are tasting after l Lon that

means this is also imperfection of the

tongue and similarly we have

imperfection of the senses say

somebody's sick uh you don't directly

measure the temperature like that

because based on your hand being warm or

cold it will give a different

temperature that means the senses are

imperfect somebody may say yes sir

senses are imperfect but we have very

good

instruments now the yeah instruments are

there but the the issue with the

instruments is instruments are again

manufactured with these senses which are

imperfect in themselves and not only

that the ultimate perceiver of the

knowledge through that instrument is the

human eye or the human senses which have

their own limitation so somewhere that

also comes in picture so the first

problem of first defect is imperfect

senses imperfect senses goes to getting

illusioned just like look at this figure

what is the most prominent figure you

see in this frame most prominent figure

we see in the frame is the white

triangle but mind you the white triangle

does not

exist there are these uh

three black circles they are cut in such

a way and placed on the white rectangle

that it appears there's a illusion of

presence of a white triangle which does

not exist look at this F figure now this

is the imaginary Vision this is a

selective Vision what is selective

Vision uh on the first glass you will

see old man old woman looking at each

other but if you little see very closely

you will see oh there is a man who is

playing on the guitar there is somebody

who is holding the turban there is a a

lady who is swinging and there is you

know a bottle kind of a thing structure

which is like the uh the you know the

earring of the of the old woman if you

still see further deeply you will see

that there is a jar which is kept behind

and maybe this is the design on the

chart but when we see one reality we are

blind to another at least that moment

okay so this is selective Vision the

first we had seen it was a imaginary

Vision this was the selective Vision now

this is a very very famous example we

did discuss this in the class that what

do you see here in the

frame now I have taken this example for

many many people and the young students

they see young woman young girl they see

there Ed ones they say oh there is old

ladies there but this figure has

both young woman and old lady let us see

so here if you consider this as the eye

this as the nose this as the chin the

face side side cut of the face and

somebody looking in the lateral

direction that side and then this is the

young woman and this is the neck but now

just have a different perspective take

this as the nose Okay uh just focus on

the cursor there this as the no nose and

this has the Open Jaw and this has the

chin and this has the scarf that lady is

wearing and then it's old woman and mind

you say two people they look at this

personality one person may be coming

with a you know beautiful red rose to

propose her and the second fellow may be

coming with a stick so that she can

cross the road very carefully because

our behaviors are going to flow based on

our perceptions and here perceptions are

completely different two different

realities existing

simultaneously and therefore there is a

sense there is a not understanding of

the complete picture there is always an

illusion now look at this this

figure concentrate on any of the oval

that you can see what you see you see

that there is a slight movement of the

ovals right but mind you this is a

static stationary figure and no part of

this figure is moving only there is a

illusion optical illusion being created

that something is moving right and then

uh look at the petals now you focus on

any of the petal you will realize that

some other petals are moving around

again the same thing it's a station

stationary image no part of the image is

moving uh it is just a illusion being

created there now focus on the

the black dot in the center what do you

see when you focus on the black dot you

will see that the both the circles they

are rotating counter to each other but

again if you just look at this this is

just a stationary image and there is no

rotation the you know it is just the

stationary

image now you tell me who is the tallest

one here okay now you're are you already

know the answer the these figures are

the same nobody is taller than anybody

the you know the lines are marked in

such a way that the third figure appears

taller than the first and second one now

look at this

what do you see yeah you see either a

bridge or you see the line of the ship

which is approaching the port but at a

given point of time you will see only

one of them at a time right so this is

this leads to committing mistakes now

don't feel the mistakes are only in the

day-to-day life no even there were great

grand mistakes wild mistakes even in the

field of science like the brain was

thought to be as an organ to cool the

blood Siro that means you know you keep

your head cool so that the blood which

is otherwise very hot will go here

become cool and will come down and but I

mean know the modern understanding of

neurons and neural network and the

brains is completely different than what

science used to think just a couple

hundred years back right and this is

this uh these committing mistakes is

across throughout the science okay this

is not only in biology physics let's

take to another example of astronomy so

in astronomy you know that the distance

between the two celestial

objects the distance is measured based

on the difference between the

brightness correct and greater the

difference between brightness and there

is a constant which is called as hubbles

constant and that's how you measure the

distance now the hubbles constant is

named after a great scientist Hubble

after after whom this Hubble telescope

is also named and the Hubble's Constant

was considered as a cosmic yard stick to

measure the enormous distances within

the

universe now you will find that Hubble's

Constant changed multiple times at least

three to four times the Hubble constant

constantly changed and this is such an

important constant right because that's

is going to give you the distance

between the two

objects and now scientists call it

Hubble variable because it has changed

so many times so this is the this is the

tendency of committing mistakes and

committing mistakes sometimes or many

times lead to cheating propensity so

cheating propensity means trying to

cheat over one of the classical example

is what is called as a p down man fraud

of course now we know this as a pill

down man fraud but in the science when

it originated it was known as bu down

man proof so it so happened that Darwin

proposed the theory where in a very very

simplistic form of the theory the EPS

evolved into men okay that from branches

to benches is what the Darwin's theory

is now the animals on the branches are

still there the monkeys are there men

are there but the the link between them

uh it was not existing so they were

looking for a structure which looked

like man plus animal man plus uh

monkey and they said okay even if it is

not not alive because at the transition

maybe this fish must have become extinct

extinct so even if some skeleton also

will do and lo and behold in 1912 in

England Great Britain at a place named

ped down when the scientists were

Excavating they came across a structure

which was just like man and human uh man

and animal structure the the face the

skull was looking more like the human

and the entire body the skeleton was

looking like a monkey animal and they

said yeah this is it this is the proof

that uh you know that this is the proof

that man has evolved from Monkey 1912

was the time when Limitless people

thousands and thousands of people they

became atheist thinking that oh there is

no role of God in creation of the life I

mean you know because we just evolved

and Darwin's theory this and that in

1953 almost 40 years later this fraud

was revealed when the scientists were uh

reassessing their proofs they could see

that the skull was the entire skeleton

was the human skeleton but the body of

the skeleton the skeleton itself was

filed in such a way it looked like man

plus animal and since then this is known

as a ped down man fraud and you know and

now of course the reality is that the

Darwin's theory is almost like rejected

all across the textbooks across the

universities but question here is what

about those in 40 years the million

people who became atheistic believe in

this pil toown fraud so this is cheating

propensity so the P pran has these four

defects imperfect senses that leads to

getting illusioned that leads to

committing mistakes and that leads to

cheating

propensity uh then we come to the next

way of getting the knowledge and that is

guess work okay that's also guess work

means inference or anuman pran

guessing out okay one of the classic

example of the anuman prand is again a

Darwin's

theory uh the typical idea of Anan prani

is that you guess out it may be like

this it may be like that it might have

been like this and you know the the

classic Benchmark example of this anuman

pran is the Darwin's theory itself

before we go to Darwin just imagine

there I want to tell you a story where

in a village uh where there were all

blind people first time the elephant

entered the village now the villagers

were very excited to know what is the

elephant how the elephant looks like and

therefore they assigned a committee of

six wise Blind Men to go and examine the

elephant and come back and tell us the

complete description of elephant they

felt maybe only one person may not be

enough we will have six people all of

them are blind because it was Village of

blind blind people and maybe they put

together with a great uh

permutation combination they will come

to the as close reality as possible so

all the six people went somebody was

holding the trunk of the elephant and he

thought oh elephant is like a snake

somebody was holding the teeth of the

elephant and he thought oh elephant is

like a sharp arrow somebody was holding

the ear of the elephant and he thought

elephant is like the axe somebody was

scratching the back of the elephant and

he thought maybe elephant is like the

wall somebody was holding the leg of the

elephant and he thought that oh elephant

is like a tree trunk and somebody was

holding the tail of the elephant and he

was thinking oh elephant is like a robe

or you know the Rope all the six people

were very intelligent six people very

hardworking six people very honest and

they sat in a conference to decide how

the elephant looks like somebody said

elephant looks like a snake and second

person said no elephant is like a wall

the third person said no elephant is

like an arrow and the fourth person said

no elephant is like a tree and they had

a big dispute the villagers said okay if

you have a dispute amongst yourself how

the elephant looks like why don't you

just combine your observations your

experiences and come with a unified

theory how the elephant looks like but

mind you elephant is not any of the six

elephant is not a snake Arrow axe wall

tree or rope neither any combination of

the six will give any closest

description of the elephant right so

this is one of the grand limitations of

anuman prand where the reality may be

far different than what we are

speculating about and this is the same

thing happened with Darwin's theory

Darwin's theory the proof of the

Darwin's theory is based on uh the you

know the excavation of the the fossils

the record and there are certain records

the where the human beings and the

monkeys they existed coexisted

simultaneously millions of years ago you

know suddenly you get a skeleton

where it's a fully developed human being

right and then you get a then you get a

you know remains of some metal metal

bell or something like that which goes

back in by carbon dating the age of that

is more than 3 million years or 4

million years whereas according to

Darwin the humans they started being

human 40,000 years ago so this entire

from the records of the Rocks one can

clear ly establish uh the proof that the

humans existed far beyond than the

so-called the modern idea of 40,000

years so so this is called as anuman

prand anuman prand means the theor is

based on

observations so this is from the Origin

of Species from where the Darwin's

theory you know is shaped into this book

so there Darwin writes Charles Darwin he

writes that I'm am firm believer that

without speculation there is no good and

original observation and I have worked

five years myself on this subject

recorded many photographs I have put the

photographs very nicely on the forward

journey of this in his voyage and in the

return Journey when he got the

additional photographs of some new

species they were not able to fit any of

the sequence like we will be seeing some

of the species and you know this entire

record was regarded as out of syllabus

by darn so this is uh the fallacy of

anuman pran okay now here is some of the

Darwin's theory on how bear evolved into

the Monstrous well okay and sometimes

you may feel that oh the descriptions in

The Vedas or puranas they may be very

very fantastic and you know uh very

kiddish but now look at this description

which we have studied as the great

science and which is no less different

that you know how the bear became the

whale or how the you know the horse

became giraffe and you know those kind

of

descriptions darn could not now you know

by the virtue of National Geographic by

the virtue of uh you know the Discovery

Channel and others we are coming across

so many species which are like

mindblowing there is a fish with a bulb

on the nose you know or uh there is a

there is the spider you know who's who

creates his spider in you know his web

in such a way it smells like the bird

dropping and you know the many insects

come for that and the SP SP catches

these insects these are the frogs with

dummy eyes on their buttocks and you

know when the enemy attacks considering

these are the frogs and frog get the

second chance and they come a flge like

this okay uh this is the bird which uh

you know this is this is a tiny throated

bird humming bird which crosses the Gulf

of Mexico using the 6 million Wing

Strokes okay so and the weight of this

bird is 2.4 G

six million times he will and upon the

migration at times the you know the

migratory Birds when they give birth to

the new baby uh at the migrated place

the baby will fly back to the original

place which it has no experience of so

these amazing things you know cannot be

explained by the virtue of Simply anuman

there has to be something greater than

guess

work we say while these two have some

limited application it is not that they

have no application they do have

application vas talk about praka anuman

and shab pran shabda pran stands for the

verbal testimony shab prand is receiving

the knowledge from a

bonafied knowledgeable and well-wishing

personality bonafied knowledgeable

well-wishing three criteria must be

bonafied must be knowledgeable and must

be well-wishing personality so just like

when the child when we all being born

now when the child is born everybody

knows who is the mother of the child you

know the mother is pregnant you know the

lady is pregnant when she goes to

hospital admitted in the board the nurse

knows the doctors who are operating

cesarian normal everything they know who

is the mother of the child but only

mother knows who is the father of the

child now for the child to find out who

is my mother is very easy everybody says

oh bet this is your mother you know you

only have come out through her womb and

this is this she is your your mother but

only mother knows who is the father the

child cannot simply go on experimenting

like pran saying that he will take his

own DNA sample and try to match with say

around 4 billion humans males suround

and saying that you are my father you

are my father are you my father are you

my father are you my father no this is

not possible neither it is practical

neither we will we are going to leave

that much to do all these many tests and

everybody doing this test I mean you

know you can just imagine it is just

impossibility neither he can guess work

maybe this man is my father or maybe

this man is my father maybe this man is

the best way to know for the child who

is my father is to ask mother mother is

bonafied she is knowledgeable and only

she is knowledgeable by the way and

she's well Wisher of the child and she

will say beta this man you know is

smiling laughing lovingly you know

gesturing on you is your father and the

child accept that man as father and

later you can do the guest with work oh

he looks like me and I look like him

then you can do even experimental work

you know matching the DNA but it begins

with shab so shabda means knowledge

accepted from bonafied

knowledgeable well-wishing Authority who

will not cheat you right so so this is

the verbal testimony therefore VAs on a

broader scale they are called as a v mat

why V mat because Veda means knowledge

to know V have bonafied and vas have the

great intention of doing good to people

just like the mother has towards the

child and just like the mother indicates

to the father similarly vas indicate to

the Supreme Lord as the

father The Vedas indicates towards the

father and therefore Vedas by the virtue

of the knowledge they are called as

vedam mat so uh there are many other

examples of receiving the knowledge

through bonafied Authority in fact all

the knowledge that we receive

learning the knowledge from Professor is

also receiving the knowledge from

Authority learning Laws of Motion from

Newton is like learning from The

Authority nobody's going to start

physics from the scratch nobody's going

to start chemistry or biology or you

know the technology from the scratch we

built upon the knowledge of one another

this is nothing but the shab praman

believing in the bonafied authority the

previous work who are hardworking who

are

bonafied knowledgeable and well wishing

so this is this is what is called as

shabda

prar right so in conclusion we have seen

that uh there are various ways of

gaining knowledge pra anuman and shabda

and there are certain applications of PR

pran at the same time there are defects

in PR pran there are applications of

anuman at the same time there are

limitations in anuman pran and then

there is shab pran and especially

philosophical Quest the philosophical

inquire should be uh should be addressed

with shab pran so thank you very much uh

thank you for watching this uh video be

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