Ikatan Kovalen Koordinasi - seri ikatan kimia part 4

Summary

This video explains the concept of covalent coordination bonds, also known as dative bonds, in chemistry. The focus is on how these bonds differ from regular covalent bonds, with the key difference being that in a coordinative bond, both electrons in the shared pair come from a single atom. The tutorial provides examples such as NH3 + BF3 and NH3 + H+, demonstrating how lone pairs of electrons from one atom form the bond. The video includes detailed visualizations of chemical structures, helping viewers understand the concept and application of coordinative covalent bonding.

Takeaways

• 😀 A covalent coordinate bond, also called a dative bond, involves both electrons in the bond coming from the same atom.
• 😀 Regular covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs, where each atom contributes one electron to the bond.
• 😀 The example of NH3 (Ammonia) demonstrates how nitrogen donates a lone pair of electrons to form a covalent bond with three hydrogen atoms.
• 😀 In NH3, the nitrogen atom has 8 electrons (octet rule), while the hydrogen atoms each contribute one electron to form the covalent bond.
• 😀 A covalent coordinate bond differs from a regular covalent bond in that only one atom contributes both electrons for the bond.
• 😀 NH3 can form a coordinate covalent bond with BF3 (Boron Trifluoride) where NH3 donates a pair of electrons to the boron atom, which is electron-deficient.
• 😀 BF3, in this example, has 6 electrons around the boron atom, and the nitrogen from NH3 donates 2 electrons to complete boron’s octet.
• 😀 The visual representation of coordinate bonds uses a '→' arrow to indicate the electron pair donated by one atom.
• 😀 The formation of NH4+ involves NH3 donating a lone pair of electrons to H+, which has no electrons of its own, resulting in a positively charged ion.
• 😀 The key difference between regular covalent bonds and coordinate covalent bonds is the source of the electrons involved in the bond formation.

Q & A

What is a covalent bond?

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms share electron pairs. Each atom contributes one electron to the bond, forming a shared pair of electrons between them.

How is a covalent coordination bond different from a regular covalent bond?

In a covalent coordination bond, both electrons in the bond come from the same atom, whereas in a regular covalent bond, each atom contributes one electron to the bond.

What is the other name for a covalent coordination bond?

A covalent coordination bond is also known as a dative bond.

What are the key characteristics of ammonia (NH3) in terms of electron configuration?

Ammonia (NH3) has nitrogen (N) with five valence electrons and three hydrogen atoms (H), each contributing one electron. Nitrogen also has one lone pair of electrons.

How does ammonia (NH3) form a covalent coordination bond with boron trifluoride (BF3)?

Ammonia (NH3) has a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen. Boron trifluoride (BF3) has boron with only six electrons, so ammonia donates its lone pair to boron, forming a covalent coordination bond.

What is the role of the lone pair of electrons in ammonia (NH3) during the formation of a covalent coordination bond?

The lone pair of electrons in ammonia (NH3) is donated by nitrogen to another atom (such as boron in BF3), forming a covalent coordination bond and completing the electron configuration of the receiving atom.

How is the electron configuration of boron (B) in BF3 different from nitrogen (N) in NH3?

Boron in BF3 has only six valence electrons, whereas nitrogen in NH3 has five valence electrons and also a lone pair, allowing it to form additional bonds.

What happens when NH3 reacts with H+ to form NH4+?

When NH3 reacts with H+, nitrogen donates its lone pair of electrons to the proton (H+), resulting in the formation of the ammonium ion (NH4+) with a positive charge.

How does the positive charge appear in NH4+ after NH3 reacts with H+?

The positive charge in NH4+ occurs because the H+ ion, which has no electrons, accepts a lone pair from nitrogen. This results in a positively charged ion as nitrogen shares its electrons with the proton.

What is the significance of using a 'tipped arrow' in the diagrams of covalent coordination bonds?

The 'tipped arrow' is used to indicate the donation of a lone pair of electrons from one atom to another in a covalent coordination bond. It shows that the electrons come from a single atom, rather than being shared equally.