Mengenal Sejarah Kerajaan Tarumanegara | Sejarah Wajib SMA Kelas 10

Summary

The Kingdom of Tarumanegara, one of the oldest Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia, was founded in 358 AD by Raja Jayasingawarman. The kingdom flourished under Purnawarman (395-434 AD), who expanded its influence and boosted the economy through initiatives like deepening the Citarum River. However, after a series of rulers, the kingdom declined due to internal strife and external pressures. Tarumanegara split into the Kingdom of Sunda and the Kingdom of Galuh under Tarusbawa's leadership. The collapse was marked by a lack of heirs and the autonomy of regional rulers, ultimately leading to the kingdom's downfall.

Takeaways

• 😀 Tarumanegara is one of the oldest Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia, founded by Rajadirajaguru Jayasingawarman in 358 CE along the Citarum River in West Java.
• 😀 The name 'Tarumanegara' comes from 'Taruma' (the Citarum River) and 'negara' (kingdom), reflecting its geographical and political significance.
• 😀 Jayasingawarman, the kingdom's first king, was an Indian maharesi (priest) from Salankayana, India, who established the kingdom after fleeing from the Magadha kingdom's attacks.
• 😀 After Jayasingawarman's death, his son Dharmayawarman succeeded him, ruling from 382 to 395 CE. However, limited historical records remain from his reign.
• 😀 King Purnawarman, who ruled from 395 to 434 CE, made significant contributions, including moving the capital to Sundapura and expanding Tarumanegara's reach over 48 smaller kingdoms.
• 😀 During Purnawarman's reign, major economic developments occurred, such as deepening the Citarum River to promote trade and agriculture, demonstrating the kingdom's growing importance in Southeast Asia.
• 😀 The next rulers after Purnawarman included Wisnuwarman (434-455 CE) and Indrawarman (455-515 CE), continuing the kingdom's leadership.
• 😀 Tarumanegara's later kings, including Candrawarman, Suryawarman, Kertawarman, and others, ruled from 515 to 639 CE, maintaining the kingdom's prominence despite challenges.
• 😀 The final king of Tarumanegara, Linggawarman, ruled from 628 to 639 CE but left no male heirs, leading to the kingdom's leadership passing to his son-in-law, Tarusbawa.
• 😀 The kingdom eventually fragmented during the reign of Sudhawarman, with internal struggles and the rise of rival kingdoms like Galuh. This led to the creation of the Sunda and Galuh kingdoms, marking the end of Tarumanegara's unified rule.

Q & A

What is the origin of the name 'Tarumanegara'?

The name 'Tarumanegara' comes from two words: 'Taruma' and 'negara'. 'Taruma' refers to the Citarum River in West Java, while 'negara' means kingdom or state.

Who founded the Kingdom of Tarumanegara?

The Kingdom of Tarumanegara was founded by Rajadirajaguru Jayasingawarman in 358 CE along the banks of the Citarum River in Lebak-Banten, West Java.

What is the significance of Jayasingawarman's background?

Jayasingawarman was a Maharishi (spiritual leader) from Salankayana, India, and he established the kingdom after fleeing from attacks on his homeland by the Magadha Kingdom in India.

How long did Jayasingawarman rule Tarumanegara?

Jayasingawarman ruled the Kingdom of Tarumanegara from its founding in 358 CE until his death.

Who succeeded Jayasingawarman as the king of Tarumanegara?

Jayasingawarman was succeeded by his son, Dharmayawarman, who ruled from 382 to 395 CE.

What do we know about the reign of King Dharmayawarman?

There is limited historical record on King Dharmayawarman's reign, but his name is mentioned in the Wangsakerta manuscript, which documents the names of kings in the Tarumanegara dynasty.

How did King Purnawarman contribute to the prosperity of the kingdom?

King Purnawarman, who reigned from 395 to 434 CE, moved the capital to Sundapura and expanded the kingdom's influence over 48 smaller kingdoms. His reign is also known for significant infrastructure projects, such as the deepening of the Citarum River to improve the economy.

What historical evidence exists from King Purnawarman's reign?

One key piece of evidence from King Purnawarman's reign is a set of inscriptions that record the development of ports and the improvement of rivers to support the kingdom's economy, particularly focusing on trade and agriculture.

What caused the decline of the Kingdom of Tarumanegara?

The decline of Tarumanegara began during the rule of King Sudhawarman, when local rulers gained more autonomy and established competing kingdoms like Galuh. The lack of a male heir to the throne further contributed to the kingdom's fragmentation.

How did the Kingdom of Tarumanegara end?

The Kingdom of Tarumanegara ultimately collapsed after the death of King Linggawarman in 666 CE, who had no male heirs. The kingdom was then led by his son-in-law, Tarusbawa, during which time it split into two separate kingdoms: the Kingdom of Sunda and the Kingdom of Galuh.