KERAJAAN TARUMANEGARA AWAL BERDIRI HINGGA RUNTUH

Summary

The Kingdom of Tarumanegara, one of the oldest Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia, was established by King Jayasingawarman in 358 CE along the Citarum River. Originating from the words 'tarum' and 'negara', it signifies a kingdom or country. The kingdom expanded under King Purnawarman, reaching its peak by controlling 48 smaller kingdoms. The kingdom declined under King Linggawarman, eventually splitting into the Kingdoms of Sunda and Galuh, marking the end of Tarumanegara's rule.

Takeaways

• 🏰 The Tarumanegara Kingdom is one of the oldest Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia, established after the Kutai Kingdom.
• 👑 It was founded by King Jayasingawarman in 358 CE along the Citarum River as a refuge from continuous attacks by the Magadha Kingdom.
• 🌊 The kingdom's name, Tarumanegara, derives from 'Tarum' (a river in West Java) and 'negara' (meaning kingdom or country).
• 🌐 At its peak, Tarumanegara's influence spanned across West Java and Banten, and even extended to Central and East Java.
• 🔱 King Jayasingawarman ruled until 382 CE, and was succeeded by his son, Dharmayawarman.
• 🏛️ The kingdom saw rapid progress under King Purnawarman, who established a new capital, Sundapura (now Bekasi), in 397 CE.
• 🌟 Purnawarman was the third king and had the title Sri Maharaja Purnawarman, indicating his divine status.
• 👥 The Tarumanegara Kingdom had a total of 12 rulers, with the last king being Linggawarman.
• 📉 The kingdom's power began to wane under the rule of Sawah, who faced rebellions from vassal states, leading to the rise of the Galuh Kingdom.
• 💔 The kingdom eventually split into two: Sunda, led by Tarusbawa, and Galuh, led by Red, marking the end of Tarumanegara's rule.
• 🗿 The Kebonkopi Prasasti, also known as the Tapak Gadjah Prasasti, is a significant artifact from the Tarumanegara Kingdom, reflecting Hindu mythology and the king's symbols.

Q & A

Which is the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia after the Kutai Kingdom?

The oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia after the Kutai Kingdom is the Tarumanegara Kingdom.

Who established the Tarumanegara Kingdom and when was it founded?

The Tarumanegara Kingdom was established by King Jayasingawarman in 358 CE.

Why did King Jayasingawarman leave his original kingdom?

King Jayasingawarman left his original kingdom due to continuous attacks by the Magadha Kingdom led by King Candragupta or Maharaja Samudragupta.

What does the name 'Tarumanegara' signify?

The name 'Tarumanegara' is derived from two words: 'Taruma' which means 'Nilam' or 'Indigo', a name of a river dividing the West Java area, specifically the Citarum River, and 'negara' which means 'kingdom' or 'country'.

What evidence supports the existence of the Tarumanegara Kingdom?

The existence of the Tarumanegara Kingdom is supported by Chinese records that mention 'Tolomo' for the Taruma Negara Kingdom.

What was the extent of the Tarumanegara Kingdom's influence?

The Tarumanegara Kingdom's influence spanned almost the entire West Java and Banten areas, and it also had significant impact on kingdoms in Central and East Java.

How long did King Jayasingawarman rule Tarumanegara?

King Jayasingawarman ruled Tarumanegara until 382 CE.

Who succeeded King Jayasingawarman to the throne of Tarumanegara?

King Jayasingawarman's son, Dharmayawarman, succeeded him and ruled from 382 CE to 395 CE.

What significant development occurred during the reign of King Purnawarman?

During King Purnawarman's reign, the Tarumanegara Kingdom experienced rapid advancement and managed to dominate 48 smaller kingdoms.

What was the new capital city built by King Purnawarman and where was it located?

King Purnawarman built a new capital city in 397 CE, which was closer to the coast and was named Sundapura, now known as Bekasi.

What was the title of King Purnawarman and what does it mean?

King Purnawarman had the title Sri Maharaja Purnawarman Sang Iswara Dik Wijaya Bima Prakar Ma Surya Maha Urusan Jagatpati, which signifies his high status and divine connection.

How many kings ruled the Tarumanegara Kingdom and who was the last one?

There were 12 kings who ruled the Tarumanegara Kingdom, with the last one being King Linggawarman who ruled from 666 to 669 CE.

What happened to the Tarumanegara Kingdom after King Linggawarman's reign?

After King Linggawarman's reign, the Tarumanegara Kingdom declined and eventually split into two kingdoms: Sunda led by Tarusbawa and Galuh led by Red.

What is the significance of the Airawata in the context of the Tarumanegara Kingdom?

In Hindu mythology, Airawata is the elephant mount of Batara Indra, the god of war. King Purnawarman was also given the name Airawata, like the elephant mount of the war god, and it is also said that the flag of the Tarumanegara Kingdom featured a series of lotus flowers above the head of an elephant, similar to the crown worn by King Purnawarman with a pair of bees.