Structure of the Earth Crust, Mantle and Core | Struktur Kerak Bumi, Mantel dan Inti Bumi

Summary

The Earth, with a diameter of over 12,000 kilometers, has an interior that remains largely unexplored, with drilling reaching only 15 kilometers deep. Using seismic waves, scientists have modeled Earth's interior, which consists of the thin crust, a mantle that makes up 80% of the planet's volume, and a dense, metal-rich core. The mantle is mostly rigid, but at greater depths, rock partially melts at extreme temperatures. Earth's core, which exceeds 6000°C, generates heat that slowly rises to warm the crust, influencing geological processes and life on Earth.

Takeaways

• 😀 Earth has a diameter of over 12,000 kilometers, but human knowledge extends only to its outer layer.
• 😀 No drilling has gone deeper than 15 kilometers into the Earth's crust so far.
• 😀 Scientists use indirect methods like studying earthquakes to model the Earth's interior.
• 😀 The Earth's outer layer is called the crust, and it is 10 to 70 kilometers thick.
• 😀 The Earth's crust is very thin relative to the planet's total size.
• 😀 Beneath the crust lies the mantle, which makes up 80% of Earth's volume.
• 😀 The upper part of the mantle is solid, while deeper parts are partially molten.
• 😀 The mantle's temperature can reach as high as 3,000 degrees Celsius at greater depths.
• 😀 The core of Earth is extremely dense and primarily composed of metals.
• 😀 The temperature at the Earth's core exceeds 6,000 degrees Celsius.
• 😀 Heat from the core rises towards the surface, warming the Earth's crust.

Q & A

What is the diameter of Earth?

Earth's diameter is more than 12,000 kilometers.

How deep has drilling gone into Earth's surface?

No drilling has penetrated more than 15 kilometers into Earth's surface.

What method do scientists use to learn about the Earth's interior?

Scientists use indirect observations, such as the study of earthquakes, to understand Earth's interior.

What is the outer layer of Earth called?

The outer layer of Earth is called the crust.

How thick is Earth's crust?

Earth's crust is between 10 to 70 kilometers thick.

What layer of Earth lies beneath the crust?

The layer beneath the crust is the mantle, which makes up 80 percent of the Earth's volume.

How is the mantle different from the crust?

The mantle is much thicker than the crust and consists of both rigid and partially melted rock at greater depths.

What is the temperature of the mantle at deeper levels?

At greater depths, the temperature in the mantle can reach up to 3000 degrees Celsius.

What is the Earth's core composed of?

The core of Earth is composed mainly of metals and is extremely dense.

What is the temperature of the Earth's core?

The temperature of the Earth's core is above 6000 degrees Celsius.

How does heat from the core affect the Earth's crust?

Heat from the core is carried by the slow movement of molten matter, rising toward the surface and warming the Earth's crust.