Pendekatan, Model, Strategi, Metode, Teknik, dan Taktik Pembelajaran| Dr. Sandi Budi Iriawan, M.Pd.

Summary

In this video, the speaker addresses the key differences between six critical educational concepts: approach, strategy, model, method, technique, and tactic. The discussion focuses on their distinct characteristics, such as philosophical foundations, practical applications, and the teacher’s personal style. The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding these terms to improve teaching effectiveness. Each term is explained with clear examples, helping educators differentiate between them and apply them effectively in the classroom for better learning outcomes.

Takeaways

• 😀 Approaches in teaching are philosophical perspectives and ideals, such as the contextual approach, which emphasizes linking learning to real-life experiences.
• 😀 A learning model is a structured teaching method, supported by research, that includes syntax (steps) for proper implementation.
• 😀 Strategies in teaching are the planned steps teachers take to achieve specific learning goals, such as breaking a lesson into manageable steps.
• 😀 Methods in teaching are ways of delivering content to students, with examples like lectures or discussions.
• 😀 Techniques are specific actions used to implement teaching methods, such as having students present individually or in groups.
• 😀 Tactics in teaching are the teacher's individual style, which may vary based on the context, time of day, or personal characteristics, like using humor to engage students.
• 😀 The contextual approach in teaching is defined by seven principles, including authentic assessment and inquiry, that help guide teaching methods.
• 😀 Learning models, such as problem-based learning, are derived from broader teaching approaches and come with their own sets of structured steps, or syntax, that should be followed to maintain their effectiveness.
• 😀 A key feature of a teaching model is the syntax, which provides a framework for the steps in the teaching process and must be adhered to for successful implementation.
• 😀 Strategies, methods, techniques, and tactics all work together in the teaching process but differ in their scope and application, with each having a specific role in achieving educational goals.

Q & A

What is the key difference between an approach and a model in education?

An approach in education is a philosophical or idealistic perspective that shapes how learning should be viewed. It is more abstract and focuses on the big picture, like contextual learning or cooperative learning. A model, on the other hand, is a practical, scientifically studied framework that guides specific actions and steps in the classroom, such as the 'TANDUR' model.

What are the seven principles of contextual learning?

The seven principles of contextual learning are: reflection, authentic assessment, modeling, community learning, constructivism, inquiry, and questioning. These principles aim to connect learning experiences to real-life situations.

What is the role of syntax in a learning model?

Syntax refers to the structured sequence of steps or actions in a learning model. It outlines how to implement the model effectively, from start to finish. These steps should be followed as part of the model to ensure its successful application in the classroom.

Can a learning model still be considered valid if not all its principles are implemented?

No, if a learning model does not include all the principles it is based on, it is not considered fully implemented. For example, if a model like realistic mathematics education has four principles but only three are applied, it would only be partially realized, reducing its effectiveness.

How does a strategy differ from a model in education?

A strategy involves planning the steps or actions needed to achieve a specific educational goal. It is less structured than a model and can be adjusted based on the learning objectives. In contrast, a model is a more comprehensive, researched framework with specific syntax and proven steps to guide learning.

What is the significance of a method in teaching?

A method refers to the way a teacher delivers content to students. It focuses on how material is communicated, such as through discussion, presentation, or lecture. Methods are important because they directly affect how well students receive and understand the material.

How do techniques relate to methods in teaching?

Techniques are specific ways of implementing a method. For example, in a presentation method, the technique could involve using visuals, or having one presenter or a group of presenters. Techniques are the smaller, detailed actions taken within a broader method.

What does the term 'tactic' refer to in a learning context?

A tactic refers to a teacher’s individual style or approach to engaging students. It can include things like humor, tone, or specific adjustments to teaching strategies to maintain students' interest and motivation, depending on the context and timing.

How can a teacher use humor as a teaching tactic effectively?

Humor can be used to energize students, especially when the lesson is becoming tiring or monotonous. However, it should align with the teacher’s natural style and the classroom’s dynamics. If a teacher is not naturally humorous, it's better to rely on other tactics, like maintaining charisma.

Why is it important for teachers to understand the differences between learning approaches, strategies, models, methods, techniques, and tactics?

Understanding these differences helps teachers make informed decisions about how to design and implement effective lessons. It ensures that they can choose the right approach and model for their classroom, select appropriate methods and techniques, and adapt their tactics to optimize student learning outcomes.