Kebijakan Perdagangan Internasional + muatan literasi (Perdagangan Internasional Bagian ke-4)

Summary

The video discusses international trade policies, with a focus on export and import regulations. It covers the controversial lobster seed export ban in Indonesia, which was lifted despite environmental concerns. The script also delves into trade wars, particularly between the U.S. and China, and explores various trade policy tools such as tariffs, quotas, subsidies, and export restrictions. The main concepts include protectionist policies designed to shield domestic industries and free trade policies that encourage minimal government intervention in international markets.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses the concept of international trade policies and their impact on global commerce.
• 😀 The first example of an international trade policy is the lobster seed export ban, which was controversial in Indonesia and later revised.
• 😀 The initial lobster export ban, introduced by Minister Susi Pudjiastuti, aimed to prevent ecological damage caused by overfishing of lobster seeds.
• 😀 Minister Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan supported revising the ban, stating that exporting the lobster seeds was better than uncontrolled exploitation.
• 😀 The script then moves on to discuss the trade war between the United States and China, particularly regarding tariffs on solar panels and washing machines.
• 😀 The US imposed tariffs on Chinese products, leading China to retaliate by increasing tariffs on American goods, affecting the global economy.
• 😀 The US-China trade war is an example of a protectionist trade policy where countries impose tariffs to protect their domestic industries.
• 😀 International trade policies are defined as actions by governments to influence the direction and form of foreign trade through various measures.
• 😀 Key instruments of international trade policies include tariffs, quotas, import bans, subsidies, and export controls.
• 😀 Trade policy can be protective, aiming to safeguard local industries, or focused on promoting free trade, where barriers are reduced to allow easier market access.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video script?

The main focus of the video script is on international trade policies, specifically the policies surrounding the export of lobster seeds in Indonesia and the ongoing trade war between the U.S. and China.

What was the reason behind the initial export ban on lobster seeds in Indonesia?

The initial export ban on lobster seeds was implemented by Susi Pudjiastuti, the former Minister of Fisheries, to prevent overfishing and the ecological damage caused by the large-scale capture of lobster seeds for export, particularly to Vietnam.

Why was the export ban on lobster seeds eventually lifted?

The export ban was lifted due to support from the current Minister of Maritime Affairs, Luhut Binsar Panjaitan, who argued that the lobster seeds, if left to grow in the wild, would have a very low survival rate. He believed that exporting them would be a better alternative, with part of the exports being returned to the wild.

What is the concept of a 'trade war' as explained in the script?

A trade war refers to a situation where countries impose tariffs or other trade barriers on each other's goods in retaliation for previous trade restrictions. In the script, the U.S.-China trade war is discussed, where both countries imposed tariffs on each other’s goods, including solar panels and washing machines.

What role did tariffs play in the U.S.-China trade war?

Tariffs were used by the U.S. to raise the prices of Chinese goods, making them less competitive in the American market. In response, China imposed tariffs on American goods, leading to a cycle of retaliatory tariffs, which is typical in trade wars.

How do international trade policies affect the domestic economy?

International trade policies can impact the domestic economy by either protecting local industries from foreign competition or opening markets to global trade. Protectionist policies like tariffs and import quotas can shield domestic producers, while free trade policies encourage international exchange of goods.

What is a tariff, and how does it affect imported goods?

A tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods, making them more expensive in the domestic market. This can reduce the competitiveness of foreign goods and protect local industries from foreign competition.

What is an import quota, and how does it function?

An import quota is a limit on the quantity of a specific good that can be imported into a country. This is designed to control the volume of imports and protect domestic producers from foreign competition.

What are export premiums, and why are they used in international trade?

Export premiums are subsidies provided to local producers who engage in exporting goods. These premiums help make exports more competitive in international markets by offsetting production costs and enabling producers to offer more attractive prices.

What is the difference between protectionism and free trade policies?

Protectionism involves measures like tariffs, quotas, and subsidies to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. Free trade, on the other hand, encourages the removal of trade barriers to allow for unrestricted exchange of goods between countries.