Kondisi Ekonomi Indonesia Masa Demokrasi Liberal

Summary

This video explores Indonesia's economic policies during the liberal democracy era. It covers key initiatives such as the Syafruddin Sanering policy, which involved currency devaluation to address budget deficits, and the Gerakan Benteng program aimed at altering the colonial economic structure. Other policies discussed include the nationalization of De Javasche Bank to improve national income, the Alibaba system promoting cooperation between indigenous and non-indigenous businesses, and the Asaat movement offering economic protection to Indonesian nationals. The video also touches on the financial negotiations with the Netherlands and plans for national development through the Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun and Musyawarah Nasional Pembangunan. The discussion highlights the challenges faced by the Indonesian economy in this period.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first policy during Indonesia's liberal democracy era was the 'Gunting Syafruddin' policy, implemented by Finance Minister Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, which involved currency devaluation to reduce the budget deficit.
• 😀 The second policy was the 'Gerakan Benteng' economic system, designed to restructure the colonial economy into a national one by providing credit to local entrepreneurs, but faced challenges in implementation due to competition with foreign businesses.
• 😀 A key policy was the nationalization of De Javasche Bank in 1951, transforming it into Bank Indonesia to improve national revenue, lower export costs, and save financially.
• 😀 The 'Sistem Ekonomi Alibaba' was introduced as a partnership between indigenous and non-indigenous entrepreneurs, specifically targeting collaboration with Chinese businesses to strengthen the national economy.
• 😀 The 'Gerakan Asaat' aimed to protect indigenous Indonesians from competition with foreign and Chinese entrepreneurs in economic activities.
• 😀 The 'Finek' financial competition policy was part of negotiations with the Netherlands to separate Indonesia's economic ties from the colonial power, but the Dutch rejected the proposed terms.
• 😀 The 'Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun' (Five-Year Development Plan) was a national initiative designed to create a long-term development strategy, with the Bureau of National Planning led by Minister Juanda.
• 😀 A national discussion was held to reshape the Five-Year Development Plan through 'Musyawarah Nasional Pembangunan' (National Development Conference) to ensure it covered comprehensive long-term goals.
• 😀 Indonesia's financial policies during the liberal democracy era were heavily focused on establishing national independence from colonial economic systems.
• 😀 The economic policies outlined were all designed to boost local industry, protect domestic entrepreneurs, and reduce reliance on foreign economic structures, though they faced significant challenges in implementation.

Q & A

What was the first economic policy implemented by Indonesia during the liberal democracy period?

The first economic policy was the 'Gunting Syafruddin' policy, which involved the devaluation of the Indonesian currency to address the budget deficit.

Who was the Minister of Finance responsible for the 'Gunting Syafruddin' policy?

The 'Gunting Syafruddin' policy was introduced by Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, the Minister of Finance at the time.

What was the main objective of the 'Gunting Syafruddin' policy?

The policy aimed to reduce the budget deficit of 5.1 billion rupiah by devaluing the Indonesian currency, impacting primarily the middle and upper classes.

What was the 'Gerakan Benteng' program and its main goal?

The 'Gerakan Benteng' was an economic program aimed at altering the colonial economic structure into a national one by providing credit to Indonesian entrepreneurs to compete with foreign businesses.

Who was responsible for planning the 'Gerakan Benteng' program?

The program was planned by Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, the Minister of Trade at the time.

What was the issue with the implementation of the 'Gerakan Benteng' program?

The program faced challenges as Indonesian entrepreneurs struggled to compete with non-Indonesian businesses, and many had a consumer-oriented mentality.

What is significant about the nationalization of 'De Javasche Bank' in 1951?

In 1951, the Indonesian government nationalized 'De Javasche Bank,' converting it into 'Bank Indonesia' to increase national revenue, lower export costs, and promote economic independence.

What was the 'Alibaba Economic System' and who introduced it?

The 'Alibaba Economic System' was an economic collaboration between indigenous and non-indigenous entrepreneurs, particularly between the native Indonesians (Ali) and Chinese entrepreneurs (Baba), aimed at advancing the national economy.

What was the goal of the 'Gerakan Asaat' policy?

The 'Gerakan Asaat' policy aimed to provide special protection for native Indonesians in economic activities, shielding them from competition with foreign and Chinese entrepreneurs.

What was the 'Finek Agreement,' and why did it fail?

The 'Finek Agreement' was a financial-economic agreement that aimed to resolve financial issues between Indonesia and the Netherlands. However, it was rejected by the Dutch, leading Indonesia to unilaterally dissolve the Indonesia-Netherlands Union and sever economic ties.