Apa itu Gender / pengertian gender ? Materi Teori Gender untuk Sahabat PMII

Summary

This video explores the concept of gender, explaining its social construction and the roles assigned to men and women based on masculinity and femininity. It discusses the four gender types: masculine, feminine, androgen, and undifferentiated, highlighting how society perceives these roles. The video also covers various gender theories, such as nurture, nature, and equilibrium, and the issues of gender inequality, including marginalization, subordination, stereotypes, violence, and double burden. The aim is to foster understanding and promote gender justice in society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Gender refers to social roles, characteristics, and positions assigned to males and females, based on societal perceptions, rather than biological sex.
• 😀 The concept of gender is divided into four categories: masculine, feminine, androgen, and undifferentiated, based on the combination of masculine and feminine traits.
• 😀 Masculine individuals exhibit more traditionally male traits, while feminine individuals display more female traits, as seen in cultural ideals.
• 😀 Androgen individuals have a balanced mix of both masculine and feminine traits, while undifferentiated individuals have low levels of both traits.
• 😀 The 'nurture' theory suggests gender differences are socially constructed, while the 'nature' theory argues that gender differences are innate and biologically determined.
• 😀 The 'equilibrium' theory proposes that men and women should work together to balance their roles and maintain harmony in society.
• 😀 Gender inequality results from discriminatory systems that place both men and women at a disadvantage in different ways.
• 😀 The five main forms of gender inequality include marginalization, subordination, stereotyping, violence, and double burden.
• 😀 Marginalization occurs when women are pushed into less productive roles, often with lower wages and less recognition, especially in rural areas.
• 😀 Subordination refers to the belief that one gender (usually women) is inferior to the other, leading to unequal opportunities in areas like education and leadership roles.
• 😀 The double burden describes the extra workload that women often face, balancing domestic responsibilities with their professional careers, leading to added stress.

Q & A

What is the definition of gender as discussed in the video?

Gender is the set of characteristics, roles, and social positions assigned to males and females based on societal perceptions and not biological sex. These roles are shaped by cultural views on masculinity and femininity.

What are the four classifications of gender according to BEM 1981?

The four classifications of gender are: 1) Masculine, 2) Feminine, 3) Androgynous, and 4) Undifferentiated (or not categorized).

What does 'masculine' mean in the context of gender?

Masculine refers to individuals whose characteristics are primarily associated with traditional male traits, according to societal expectations and culture.

What is 'feminine' in terms of gender expression?

Feminine refers to individuals whose characteristics are primarily associated with traditional female traits, according to societal expectations and culture.

How is androgyny defined in the video?

Androgyny is when a person exhibits a combination of both masculine and feminine traits simultaneously, and does not fully conform to traditional gender roles.

What does 'undifferentiated' mean in the context of gender classification?

Undifferentiated refers to individuals whose traits are below average in both masculinity and femininity, and they do not conform to the typical gender classifications.

What are the two major theories explaining gender differences?

The two major theories are: 1) Nurture theory, which suggests gender differences are socially constructed, and 2) Nature theory, which views gender differences as biologically inherent.

What does the 'equilibrium theory' suggest about gender roles?

The equilibrium theory advocates for balance between male and female roles, suggesting that both genders should work together as partners to achieve social harmony.

What are some forms of gender injustice mentioned in the video?

The video highlights five forms of gender injustice: 1) Marginalization, 2) Subordination, 3) Stereotyping, 4) Violence, and 5) Double burden.

Can you provide an example of marginalization related to gender?

An example of marginalization is when women are pushed out of productive roles, such as in agriculture, and are left to work in low-paying, unproductive jobs or as laborers with lower wages than men.